Embryology, anatomy, and histology of the optic nerve vasculature

Journal of Glaucoma

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 285-294

  Orgul, S ^a   Cioffi, G A ^a  

^a DEVERS EYE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; DIFFERENTIATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYOLOGY; EYE BLOOD FLOW; HISTOLOGY; OPTIC NERVE; ORGANOGENESIS; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VASCULARIZATION;

BLOOD VESSELS; CHOROID; EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; OPTIC NERVE; ORBIT; RETINAL VESSELS;

EID: 0029843944     PISSN: 10570829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Fechtner RD, Weinreb RN. Mechanisms of optic nerve damage in primary open angle glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1994; 39:23-42.
2. Von Helmholz H. Beschreibung eines Augen-Spiegels zur Untersuchung der Netzhaut im lebenden Auge. Arch Ophthalmol 1951;46:565-83.
3. Anderson DR, Braverman S. Reevaluation of the optic disc vasculature. Am J Ophthalmol 1976;82:165-74.
4. Padget DH. The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contrib Embryol 1948;32:205-61.
5. Barishak RY. Embryology of the eye and its adnexae. Dev Ophthalmol 1992;24:1-136.
6. Jakobiec F, Iwamoto T. Ocular adnexae: introduction to lids, conjunctiva and orbit. In: Jackobeic F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982:677-731.
7. O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human eye and ear during the embryonic period proper. Anat Embryol 1982;168:87-99.
8. Ozanics V, Jakobiec F. Prenatal devlopment of the eye and its adnexae. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982:11-96.
9. Schook P. Cell actions and cell interactions during ocular morphogenesis. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982: 121-41.
10. Hamming NA, Apple D. Anatomy and embryology of the eye. In: GA Peyman, DR Sanders, MF Goldberg, eds. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1980:16-8.
11. Duke-Elder ST, Cook C. Normal and abnormal development. Part I. Embryology. In: Duke-Elder, ed. System of ophthalmology, vol. III. London: Henry Kimpton, 1963:38-41.
12. Worgul BV. The lens. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982:355-89.
13. Sellheyer K, Spitznas M. The fine structure of the developing human choriocapillaris during the first trimester. Graefe Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988;226:65-74.
14. Sturrock RR. A light and electron microscopic study of proliferation and maturation of fibrous astrocytes in the optic nerve of the human embryo. J Anal 1975;119:223-34.
15. Sturrock RR. Microglia in the human optic nerve. J Anat 1984;139:81-91.
16. Sturrock RR. Vascularization of the human optic nerve. J Hirnforsch 1987;6:615-24.
17. Rhodes RH. Development of the optic nerve. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982:601-38.
18. Heimann K. The development of choroid in man. Ophthalmic Res 1972;3:257-73.
19. Sturrock RR. Fluorescent granular perithelial cells in the meninges and optic nerve of the human embryo. Anat Anz 1988;166:323-9.
20. Ashton N. Retinal angiogenesis in the human embryo. Br Med Bull 1970;26:103-6.
21. Penfold PL, Provis JM, Madigan MC, Van Driell D, Billson FA. Angiogenesis in normal human retinal development: the involvement of astrocytes and macrophages. Graefe Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1990;228:255-63.
22. Sellheyer K. Development of the choroid and related structures. Eye 1990;4:255-61.
23. Kupersmith MJ. Circulation of the eye, orbit, cranial nerves, and brain. In: Kupersmith MJ, ed. Neurovascular neuroophthalmology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993:1-67.
24. Hayreh SS, Dass R. The ophthalmic artery I. Origin and intracranial and intracanalicular course. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46:65-98.
25. Steele EJ, Blunt MJ. The blood supply of the optic nerve and chiasma in man. J Anat 1956;90:486-93.
26. Hayreh SS, Dass R. The ophthalmic artery. II. Intraorbital course. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46:165-85.
27. Hayreh SS. The ophthalmic artery. III. Branches. Br J Ophthalmol 1962;46:212-47.
28. Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney ACE. Microvascular study of the retrolaminar optic nerve in man: the possible significance in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Eye 1990;4:7-24.
29. Onda E, Cioffi GA, Bacon DR, VAn Buskirk EM. Microvasculature of the human optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 120:92-102.
30. Zinn IG. Descripto anatomica oculi humani [Latin]. Gottingen: Abrami Vandenhoeck, 1755:216-7.
31. Zhao Y, Li F. Microangioarchitecture of the optic papilla. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1987;31:147-59.
32. Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney ACE. Quantitative morphology of human retrolaminar optic nerve vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:3858-66.
33. Anderson DR. Vascular supply to the optic nerve of primates. Am J Ophthalmol 1970;70:341-51.
34. Hayreh SS. The orbital vessels of rhesus monkey. Exp Eye Res 1964;3:16-30.
35. Risco JM, Grimson BS, Johnson PT. Angioarchitecture of the ciliary artery circulation of the posterior pole. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:865-8.
36. Sugiyama K, Cioffi GA, Bacon DR, Van Buskirk EM. Optic nerve and peripapilary choroidal microvasculature in the primate. J Glaucoma 1994;3:S45-54.
37. Lieberman MF, Maumenee AE, Green WR. Histologic studies of the vasculature of the anterior optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol 1976;82:405-23.
38. Hayreh SS. Blood supply of the optic nerve head and the role in optic atrophy, glaucoma and oedema of the optic disc. Br J Ophthalmol 1969;53:721-48.
39. Doxanas MT, Anderson RL. Clinical orbital anatomy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984:153-70.
40. Gurwitsch M. Ueber die Anastomosen zwischen den Gesichts und Orbitalvenen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1883;29:31-83.
41. Jones DB, Steinkuller PG. Microbial preseptal and orbital cellulitis. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's clinical ophthalmology, vol. 4. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993:1-24.
42. Singh S, Dass R. The central artery of the retina. 1. Origin and course. Br J Ophthalmol 1960;44:193-212.
43. Justice J Jr, Lehman RP. Cilioretinal arteries. A study based on review of stereo fundus photographs and fluorescein angiographic findings. Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:1355-8.
44. Wybar KC. Anastomoses between the retinal and ciliary arterial circulation. Br J Ophthalmol 1956;45:65-81.
45. Sigelman J, Ozanics V. Retina. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1982:441-506.
46. Krebs W, Krebs I. Primate retina and choroid atlas of fine structure in man and monkey. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991:116-39.
47. Weiter JJ, Ernest JT. Anatomy of the choroidal vasculature. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:583-90.
48. Yoneya S, Tso MOM. Angioarchitecture of the human choroid. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105:681-7.
49. Hayreh SS. Blood supply and vascular disorders of the optic nerve. Ann Int Barraquer 1963;4:7-109.
50. Hayreh SS. Blood supply of the optic nerve head in health and disease. In: Lambrou GN, Greve EL, eds. Ocular blood flow. Amstelveen: Kugler and Ghedini, 1989:3-48.
51. O'Day D, Crock G, Galbraith JEK, Parel JM, Wigley A. Fluorescein angiography of normal and atrophic optic discs. Lancet 1967;2:224-6.
52. Ernest T, Archer D. Fluqrescein angiography of the optic disc. Am J Ophthalmol 1973;75:973-8.
53. Quigley HA, Addicks EM. Regional differences in the structure of the lamina cribrosa and their relation to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:635-49.
54. Henkind P, Levitsky M. Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve. I. The papilla. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;68:979-86.
55. Henkind P, Levitsky M. Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve. II. Lamina cribrosa. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;68:986-96.
56. Fryczkowski AW, Grimson BS, Pfeiffer RL. Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts of the human scierai lamina cribrosa. Int Ophthalmol 1984;7:95-100.
57. Hayreh SS. Anatomy and physiology of the optic nerve head. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Ololaryngol 1974;78:240-54.
58. Hayreh SS. The central artery of the retina - its role in the blood supply of the optic nerve. Br J Ophthalmol 1963;47: 651-63.
59. Francois J, Neetens A. Vascularization of the optic pathway. III. Study of intra-orbital and intracranial optic nerve by serial sections. Br J Ophthalmol 1956;40:45-52.
60. François J, Neetens A. Central retinal artery and central optic nerve artery. Br J Ophthalmol 1963;47:21-30.
61. Francois J, Fryczkowski A. A functional importance of central retinal artery anastomoses in the anterior part of the optic nerve. Ophthalmologica 1982;185:15-25.
62. Goder G. The capillaries of the optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;77:684-9.
63. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE, eds. Histology of the human eye. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1971:523-606.
64. Anderson DR. Ultrastructure of human and monkey lamina cribrosa and optic nerve head. Arch Ophthalmol 1969;82: 800-14.
65. Embryology of the eye. Film. Sturgis Grant Productions. Presented by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
66. Cioffi GA, Van Buskirk EM. Vasculature of the anterior optic nerve and peripapillary choroid. In: Ritch R, Shield MB, Krupin T, eds. The glaucomas. St. Louis: Mosby, 1966:177-88.