Drug testing in addicts: A comparison between urine, sweat, and hair

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 450-455

  Kintz, Pascal ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE MÉDECINE LÉGALE   (France)

Author keywords

Drugs of abuse; Hair; Sweat; Urine

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; BENZOYLECGONINE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; CODEINE; DIAMORPHINE; ECGONINE METHYL ESTER; HOMOCOCAINE; ILLICIT DRUG; MORPHINE; MORPHINE 6 ACETATE; OPIATE AGONIST; OXAZEPAM;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DETOXIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG URINE LEVEL; HAIR ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOASSAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SWEATING;

HAIR; HUMANS; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SWEAT;

EID: 0029841866     PISSN: 01634356     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199608000-00024     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (30)

1. Baumgartner AM, Jones PF, Baumgartner WA, Black CT. Radioimmunoassay of hair for determining opiate-abuse histories. J Nucl Med 1979;20:749-52.
2. Walls HC. Drug testing in hair, a selective review of the literature. Proceedings of the SOFT conference on drug testing in hair, Tampa, FL, 1994.
3. Kintz P. Forensic hair examination: detection of drugs. In: Wecht C, ed. Forensic sciences. New York: Matthew Bender, 1993:1-32.
4. Cone EJ, Youssefnejad D, Darwin WD, Maguire T. Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. II. Identification of unique cocaine metabolites in hair of drug abusers and evaluation of decontamination procedures. J Anal Toxicol 1991;15:250-5.
5. Kintz P, Cirimele V, Sengler C, Mangin P. Testing human hair for anhydroecgonine methyl ester, a pyrolysis product of cocaine. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19:479-82.
6. Goldberger BA, Caplan YH, Maguire T, Cone EJ. Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. III. Identification of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine as indicators of heroin use. J Anal Toxicol 1991;156:226-31.
7. Moeller MR, Mueller C. The detection of 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine, serum and hair by GC/MS and RIA. Forensic Sci Int 1995;70:125-33.
8. Nakahara Y. Detection and diagnostic interpretation of amphetamines in hair. Forensic Sci Int 1995;70:135-53.
9. Kintz P, Cirimele V, Mangin P. Testing human hair for cannabis. II. Identification of THC-COOH by GC-MS-NCI as a unique proof. J Forensic Sci 1995;40:619-22.
10. Tachan H. Uber den Ubergang von Arzneimitteln in den Schweiss. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1991;66:224-46.
11. Cone EJ, Hillsgrove MJ, Jenkins AJ, Keenan RM, Darwin WD. Sweat testing for heroin, cocaine and metabolites. J Anal Toxicol 1994;18:298-305.
12. Burns M, Baselt RC. Monitoring drug use with a sweat patch: an experiment with cocaine. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19:41-8.
13. Kintz P, Tracqui A, Jamey C, Mangin P. Detection of codeine and phenobarbital in sweat collected with a sweat patch. J Anal Toxicol (in press).
14. Kintz P, Tracqui A, Mangin P. Sweat testing for benzodiazepines. J Forensic Sci (in press).
15. Wennig RM, Moeller MR, Hartung M, Flies M. Method-specific quality assurance concept for drugs of abuse testing in urine: preliminary results of a second collaborative study of 16 participating laboratories from EU member states and the United States. In: Spiehler V, ed. Proceedings of the 1994 Joint TIAFT/SOFT International Meeting, Newport Beach, CA, 1994:25-30.
16. Sachs H, Denk R, Raff I. Determination of dihydrocodeine in hair of opiate addicts by GC/MS. Int J Legal Med 1993;105: 247-50.
17. Kintz P, Jamey C, Mangin P. Ethylmorphine concentrations in human samples in an overdose case. Arch Toxicol 1994;68: 210-1.
18. Moeller MR, Fey P, Sachs H. Hair analysis as evidence in forensic cases. Forensic Sci Int 1993;63:43-53.
19. Kintz P, Cirimele V, Edel Y, Tracqui A, Mangin P. Characterisation of dextromoramide (Palfium) abuse by hair analysis in a denied case. Int J Legal Med 1995;107:269-72.
20. Wang WL, Cone EJ, Zacny J. Immunoassay evidence for fentanyl in hair of surgery patients. Forensic Sci Int 1993;61: 65-72.
21. Baumgartner WA, Hill VA, Blahd W. Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. J Forensic Sci 1989;34:1433-53.
22. Mieczkowski T, Barzelay D, Gropper B, Wish E. Concordance of three measures of cocaine use in an arrestee population: hair, urine, and self-report. J Psychoactive Drugs 1991; 23:241-9.
23. Martinez F, Poet TS, Pillar R, Erickson J, Estrada AL, Watson RR. Cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine) in hair and urine of drug users. J Anal Toxicol 1993;17:138-42.
24. Cirimele V, Kintz P, Mangin P. Drug concentrations in human hair after bleaching. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19:331-2.
25. Bost RO. Hair analysis - perspectives and limits of a proposed forensic method of proof: a review. Forensic Sci Int 1993;63:31-42.
26. Brewer C. The management of opiate abuse: learning from other addictions. J Drug Issues 1988;18:679-97.
27. Tracqui A, Kintz P, Mangin P. Hair analysis: a worthless tool for therapeutic compliance monitoring. Forensic Sci Int 1995;70:183-9.
28. Henderson G. Mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair. Forensic Sci Int 1993;63:19-29.
29. Baumgartner WA, Hill VA. Hair analysis for drugs of abuse: decontamination issues. In: Sunshine I, ed. Recent developments in therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical toxicology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992:577-97.
30. Kintz P, Mangin P. What constitutes a positive result in hair analysis: proposal for the establishment of cut-off values. Forensic Sci Int 1995;70:3-11.