Chlorofluorocarbons in the western North Pacific in 1993 and formation of North Pacific intermediate water

Journal of Oceanography

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 475-490

  Tokieda, Takayuki ^a   Watanabe, Shuichi ^a   Tsunogai, Shizuo ^a  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CFCS; FORMATION; INTERMEDIATE WATER MASSES; SALINITY;

PACIFIC, (NORTHWEST);

EID: 0029839411     PISSN: 09168370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02239050     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bullister, J. L. (1984): Atmospheric chlorofluoromethanes as tracers of ocean circulation and mixing: measurement and calibration techniques and studies in the Greenland and Norwegian seas. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of California.
2. 2 in seawater and air. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 839-853.
3. 2 estimated from ALE/GAGE and other measurements from July 1978 to June 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1107-1126.
4. Fine, R. A. and H. G. Östlund (1977): Source function for tritium transport models in the Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 461-464.
5. Fine, R. A., J. L. Reid and H. G. Östlund (1981): Circulation of tritium in the Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 3-14.
6. Gargett, A. E., H. G. Östlund and C. S. Wong (1986): Tritium time series from ocean station P. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1720-1726.
7. Hasunuma, K. (1978): Formation of the intermediate salinity minimum in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Bull. Ocean Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 9, 46 pp.
8. Kitani, K. (1973): An oceanographic study of the Okhotsk sea - Particularly in regard to cold waters. Bull. Far Seas Fish Res. Lab., 9, 45-77.
9. Krysell, M. and D. W. R. Wallace (1988): Arctic Ocean ventilation studied with a suite of anthropogenic halocarbon tracer. Science, 241, 746-749.
10. Mantisi, F., C. Beaugerver, A. Poisson and N. Metzl (1991): Chlorofluoromethanes in the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean and their relations with geochemical tracers. Mar. Chem., 35, 151-167.
11. Ohtani, K. (1989): The role of the sea of Okhotsk on the formation of the Oyashio water. Umi to Sora, 2, 63-83.
12. Reid, J. L., Jr. (1965): Intermediate waters of the Pacific Ocean. Johns Hopkins Oceanogr. Stud., 2. 85 pp.
13. Reiser, S. C. and D. D. Swift (1989): Ventilation and North Pacific Intermediate Water formation in the Sea of Okhotsk. Paper presented at the inaugural meeting. Oceanogr. Soc., Monterey, Calif.
14. Rhein, M. (1991): Ventilation rates of the Greenland and Norwegian Seas derived from distributions of the chlorofluoromethanes F-11 and F-12. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 485-503.
15. Smethie, W. M., Jr., D. W. Chapman, J. H. Swift and P. Koltermann (1988): Chlorofluoromethanes in the Arctic Mediterranean seas: Evidence for formation of bottom water in the Eurasian Basin and deep-water exchange through Fram Strait. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 347-369.
16. Sverdrup, H. U., M. W Johnson and R. H. Fleming (1942): The Oceans: Their physics, Chemistry and General Biology, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New York, 1087 pp.
17. Talley, L. D. (1988): Potential vorticity distribution in the North Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 89-106.
18. Talley, L. D. (1993): Distribution and formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 517-537.
19. Talley, L. D. and Y. Nagata (1991): Oyashio and mixed water regions as a formation area of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. Umi to Sora, 4, 65-74 (in Japanese).
20. Tokieda, T., S. Watanabe, K. Namiki and S. Tsunogai (1994): Development of a clean seawater sampler for the determination of Chlorofluorocarbons. Bunseki Kagaku, 43, 827-829 (in Japanese).
21. Tsunogai, S., T. Ono and S. Watanabe (1993): Increase in total carbonate in the western North Pacific water and a hypothesis on the missing sink of anthropogenic carbon. J. Oceanogr., 49, 305-315.
22. Van Scoy, K. A., R. A. Fine and H. G. Ostlund (1991): Two decades of mixing tritium into the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 38, Suppl la, 5191-5219.
23. Warner, M. J. and R. F. Weiss (1985a): Vertical distributions of anthropogenic chlorofluoromethanes in the North Pacific along 24°N and 47°N. EOS. 66, 928.
24. Warner, M. J. and R. F. Weiss (1985b): Solubility of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res., 32, 1485-1497.
25. Watanabe, Y. W., K. Harada and K. Ishikawa (1994): Chlofluorocarbons in the central North Pacific and southward spreading time of North Pacific Intermediate Water. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25195-25213.
26. Wisegarver, D. P. and R. H. Gammon (1987): The ventilation and circulation of the Sub-Arctic North Pacific: Timescale from fluorocarbon transient tracers. EOS. 68, 1700.
27. Wüst, G. (1929): Schichtung und Tiefenzirkulation des Pazifischen Ozeans. Veröff. Inst. Meersk. Univ. Beerlin, neue Folge. A, 29, 64 pp.