Cell mediated immunity after measles in Guinea-Bissau: Historical cohort study

British Medical Journal

Volumn 313, Issue 7063, 1996, Pages 969-974

  Shaheen, S O ^a,e   Aaby, P ^b   Hall, A J ^c   Barker, D J P ^a   Heyes, C B ^a   Shiell, A W ^a   Goudiaby, A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH   (Denmark)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^d Ministry of Public Health   (Guinea-Bissau)

^e ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEASLES VACCINE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY; GUINEA-BISSAU; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEASLES; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION;

EID: 0029836602     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7063.969     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Global programme for vaccines of the World Health Organisation. Role of mass campaigns in global measles control. Lancet 1994;344:174-5.
2. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, Smits AJ. Measles vaccination and reduction in child mortality: a community study from Guinea-Bissau. J Infect 1984;8:13-21.
3. Hull HF, Williams PJ, Oldfield F. Measles mortality and vaccine efficacy in rural West Africa. Lancet 1983;i:972-5.
4. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, da Silva MC. Further community studies on the role of overcrowding and intensive exposure on measles mortality. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:474-7.
5. Garenne M, Aaby P. Pattern of exposure and measles mortality in Senegal. J Infect Dis 1990;161:1088-94.
6. Aaby P, Samb B, Andersen M, Simondon F. No long-term excess mortality after measles infection: a community study from Senegal. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:1035-41.
7. Von Pirquet CE. Das Verhalten der kutanen Tuberkulin Reaktion während der Masern. Deutsche Med Wichenschr 1908;34:1297-300.
8. Whittle HC, Bradley-Moore A, Fleming A, Greenwood BM. Effects of measles on the immune response of Nigerian children. Arch Dis Child 1973;48:753-6.
9. Tamashiro VG, Perez HH, Griffin DE. Prospective study of the magnitude and duration of changes in tuberculin reactivity during uncomplicated and complicated measles. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;6:451-4.
10. Kipps A, Stern L, Vaughan EG. The duration and the possible significance of the depression of tuberculin sensitivity following measles. S African Med J 1966;40:104-8.
11. Aaby P, Andersen M, Sodemann M, Jakobsen M, Gomes J, Fernandes M. Reduced childhood mortality after standard measles vaccination at 4-8 months compared with 9-11 months of age. BMJ 1993;307:1308-11.
12. Aaby P, Samb B, Simondon F, Coll Seck AM, Knudsen K, Whittle H. Non-specific beneficial effect of measles immunisation: analysis of mortality studies from developing countries. BMJ 1995;311:481-5.
13. Aaby P, Knudsen K, Jensen TG, Thaarup J, Poulsen A, Sodemann M, et al. Measles incidence, vaccine efficacy and mortality in two urban African areas with high vaccination coverage. J Infect Dis 1990;162:1043-8.
14. Aaby P, Pedersen IR, Knudsen K, da Silva MC, Mordhorst CH, Helm-Petersen NC, et al. Child mortality related to seroconversion or lack of seroconversion after measles vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:197-200.
15. Kniker WT, Anderson CT, Roumiantzeff M. The multi-test system: a standardised approach to evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. Ann Allergy 1979,43:73-9.
16. Corriel RN, Kniker WT, McBryde JL, Lesourd BM. Cell-mediated immunity in schoolchildren assessed by Multitest skin testing. AJDC 1985;139:141-6.
17. Kniker WT, Lesourd BM, McBryde JL, Corriel RN. Cell-mediated immunity assessed by Multitest CMI skin testing in infants and preschool children. AJDC 1985;139:840-5.
18. Black RE, Lanata CF, Lazo F. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity: epidemiologic factors affecting and usefulness in predicting diarrheal incidence in young Peruvian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:210-5.
19. Baqui AH, Black RE, Sack RB, Chowdhury HR, Yunus M, Siddique AK. Malnutrition, cell-mediated immune deficiency and diarrhea: a community-based longitudinal study in rural Bangladeshi children. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:355-65.
20. Leon ME, Ward B, Kanashiro R, Hernandez H, Berry S, Vaisberg A, et al. Immunologic parameters 2 years after high-titer measles immunization in Peruvian children. J Infect Dis 1993;168:1097-104.
21. Sokal JE. Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. N Engl J Med 1975;293:501-2.
22. Gardner MJ, Altman DG, eds. Statistics with confidence. London: BMJ, 1989.
23. Salmeron G, Lipsky P. Immunosuppressive potential of antimalarials. Am J Med 1983;75(suppl):19-24.
24. Schlesinger JJ, Covelli HD. Evidence for transmission of lymphocyte responses to tuberculin by breast-feeding. Lancet 1977;ii:529-32.
25. Pabst HF, Godel J, Grace M, Cho H, Spady DW. Effect of breast-feeding on immune response to BCG vaccination. Lancet 1989;i:295-7.
26. Chandra RK, Ali SK, Kutty KM, Chandra S. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity in low birth weight infants. Biol Neonate 1977;31:15-8.
27. Ferguson A. Prolonged impairment of cellular immunity in children with intrauterine growth retardation. J Pediatr 1978;93:52-6.
28. Harland PSEG. Tuberculin reactions in malnourished children. Lancet 1965;ii:719-21.
29. Koster FT, Palmer DL, Chakraborty J, Jackson T, Curlin GC. Cellular immune competence and diarrhoeal morbidity in malnourished Bangladeshi children: a prospective field study. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46:115-2.
30. Smith SM, Levy NL, Hayes CE. Impaired immunity in vitamin A deficient mice. J Nutr 1987;117:857-65.
31. Semba RD, Muhilal, Ward BJ, Griffin DE, Scott AL, Natadisastra G, et al. Abnormal T-cell subset proportions in vitamin-A-deficient children. Lancet 1993;341:5-8.
32. Smedman L, Lindeberg A, Jeppsson O, Zetterstrom R. Nutritional status and measles. A community study in Guinea-Bissau. Ann Trop Paediatr 1993;3:169-76.
33. Gordin FM, Hartigan PM, Klimas NG, Zolla-Pazner SB, Simberkoff MS, Hamilton JD. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests are an independent predictor of human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. J Infect Dis 1994;169:893-7.
34. Poulsen AG, Kvinesdal B, Aaby P, Molbak K, Frederiksen K, Dias F, et al. Prevalence of and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in Bissau, West Africa. Lancet 1989;i:827-31.
35. Poulsen AG, Kvinesdal B, Aaby P, Lisse I, Molbak K, Dias F, et al. Lack of evidence of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J AIDS 1992;5:25-30.
36. Poulsen AG, Aaby P, Gottschau A, Kvinesdal B, Molbak K, Dias F, et al. HIV-2 infection in Bissau, West Africa, 1987-1989: incidence, prevalences and routes of transmission. J AIDS 1993;6:941-8.
37. Aaby P, Lisse IM, Molbak K, Knudsen K, Whittle H. No persistent T lymphocyte immunosuppression or increased mortality after measles infection: a community study from Guinea-Bissau. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:39-44.
38. Lisse IM, Aaby P, Knudsen K, Whittle H, Andersen H. Long term impact of high titer Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine on T lymphocyte subsets. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:109-2.
39. Aaby P, Knudsen K, Whittle H, Thaarup J, Poulsen A, Sodemann M, et al. Long-term survival after Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccination: increased female mortality rate. J Pediatr 1993;122:904-8.
40. Aaby P, Coovadia H, Bukh J, Lisse IM, Smits AJ, Wesley A, et al. Severe measles: a reappraisal of the role of nutrition, overcrowding and virus dose. Medical Hypotheses 1985;18:93-112.
41. Lisse I, Aaby P, Whittle H, Jensen H, Engelman M. T-lymphocyte subsets in West African children: impact of age, season and sex. J Pediatr (in press).
42. Greenwood BM, Bradley-Moore AM, Palit A, Bryceson ADM. Immunosuppression in children with malaria. Lancet 1972;i:169-72.
43. Akinwolere OAO, Williams AIO, Akinkugbe FM, Laditan AAO. Immunity in malaria: depression of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in acute Plasmodium falciparum infection. Afr J Med Sci 1988;17:47-52.
44. Lisse IM, Aaby P, Whittle H, Knudsen K. A community study of T lymphocyte subsets and malaria parasitaemia. Trans R Soc Trop Med 1994;88:709-10.
45. Kauffman CA, Linnemann CC, Schiff GM, Phair JP. Effect of viral and bacterial pneumonias on cell-mediated immunity in humans. Infect Immun 1976;13:78-83.
46. Shaheen SO, Aaby P, Hall AJ, Barker DJP, Heyes CB, Shiell AW, et al. Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau. Lancet 1996;347:1792-6.
47. Molbak K, Aaby P, Ingholt L, Hojlyng N, Gottschau A, Andersen H, et al. Persistent and acute diarrhoea as the leading causes of child mortality in urban Guinea-Bissau. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1992;86:216-20.