Shared parenting agreements after marital separation: The roles of empathy and narcissism

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 808-818

  Ehrenberg, Marion F ^a   Hunter, Michael A ^a   Elterman, Michael F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CHILD REARING; CONTROLLED STUDY; COOPERATION; COPING BEHAVIOR; DIVORCE; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDEPENDENCE; MALE; MARRIAGE; NARCISSISM; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF ESTEEM; SELF REPORT; SPOUSE;

EID: 0029836142     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.4.808     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
2. Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrica, 52, 317-372.
3. Alexander, P. C. (1992). Application of attachment theory to the study of sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 185-195.
4. Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26-46.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
6. Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). (1995). [Computer software]. Chicago, IL: SmallWaters.
7. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structured equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.
8. Appelbaum, M. (1994, June). Statistical methods. Paper presented at the meeting of the Family Research Consortium, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
9. Auerbach, J. S. (1984). Validation of two scales for narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 649-653.
10. Baucom, D. H., & Sher, T. G. (1987). Application of marital research and methodology to the study of the family. In K. Hahlweg & M. J. Goldstein (Eds.), Understanding major mental disorder. The contribution of family interaction research (pp. 290-313). New York: Family Process Press.
11. Bavolek, S. J. (1984a). Handbook for the AAPI Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI). EauClaire, WI: Family Development Resources.
12. Bavolek, S. J. (1984b). An innovative program for reducing abusive parent-child interactions. Child Resource World Review, 2, 6-24.
13. Bavolek, S. J. (1989). Research and validation report of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory. EauOaire, WI: Family Development Resources.
14. Bavolek, S. J., Kline, D., McLaughlin, J. A., & Publicover, P. R. (1979). Primary prevention of child abuse: Identification of high risk adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 3, 1071-1080.
15. Berkman, C. F. (1984). Child psychiatry and the law: Psychodynamic and family issues in post-divorce child custody litigation. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 708-712.
16. Bernstein, W. M., & Davis, M. H. (1982). Perspective-taking, self-consciousness, and accuracy in personal perception. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 3, 1-19.
17. Biscardi, D., & Schill, T. (1985). Correlations of narcissistic traits with defensive style, Machiavellianism, and empathy. Psychological Reports, 57, 354.
18. Booth, A., Brinkerhoff, D., & White, L. K. (1984). The impact of parental divorce on courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 85-94.
19. Bray, J. H., & Hetherington, E. M. (1993) Families in transition: Introduction and overview. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 3-8.
20. Buchanan, C. M., Maccoby, E. E., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Caught between parents: Adolescents' experiences in divorced homes. Child Development, 62, 1008-1029.
21. Buchholz, E. S., & Haynes, R. (1983). Sometimes I feel like a motherless child: Role reversal as a form of parental neglect. Dynamic Psychotherapy, 1, 99-107.
22. Camara, K. A., & Resnick, G. (1989). Styles of conflict resolution and cooperation, between divorced parents: Effects on child behavior and adjustment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 560-575.
23. Cashdan, S. (1988). Object relations therapy: Using the relationship. New York: W. W. Norton.
24. Cherlin, A. J., Furstenberg, F. F., Chase-LansdaJe, P. L., Kiernan, K. E., Robins, P. K., Morrison, D. R., & Teitler, J. O. (1991). Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States. Science, 252, 1386-1389.
25. Corcoran, K., & Fischer, J. (1987). Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook. New York: Free Press.
26. Davis, M. H. (1983a). The effects of dispositional empathy on emotional reactions and helping: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality, 51, 167-184.
27. Davis, M. H. (1983b). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126.
28. Davis, M. H., Hull, J. G., Young, R. D., & Warren, G. G. (1987). Emotional reactions to dramatic film stimuli: The influence of cognitive and emotional empathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 126-133.
29. Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L. A. (1981). Attachment and early maltreatment. Child Development, 52, 44-52.
30. Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. (1987). Empathy, sympathy, and altruism: Empirical and conceptual links. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 292-316). New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291-300.
32. Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11-17.
33. Feshbach, N. D. (1987). Parental empathy and child adjustment/maladjustment. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 271 -291). New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Glover, R. J., & Steele, C. (1989). Comparing the effects on the child of post-divorce parenting arrangements. Journal of Divorce, 12(2-3), 185-201.
35. Greenberg, J. R., & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object relations in psychoanalytic theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
36. Gunderson, J. G., Ronningstam, E., & Smith, L. E. (1991). Narcissistic personality disorder: A review of data and DSM-III-R descriptions. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 167-177.
37. Hess, R. D., & Camara, K. A. (1979). Post-divorce family relationships as mediating factors in the consequences of divorce for children. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 79-96.
38. Hetheringtoo, E. M. (1989). Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers, and survivors. Child Development, 60, 1-14.
39. Hetherington, E. M., Stanley-Hagan, M., & Anderson, E. R. (1989). Marital transitions: A child's perspective. American Psychologist, 44, 303-312.
40. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four-factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.
41. Hox, J. J. (1995). AMOS, EQS, and LISREL for Windows: A comparative review. Structural Equation Modeling, 2, 79-91.
42. Irving, H. H., & Benjamin, M.(1991). Shared parenting and sole-custody parents: A comparative analysis. In J. Folberg (Ed.), Joint custody and shared parenting (2nd ed., pp. 114-131). Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs and Association of Family and Conciliation Courts.
43. Jacobsen, D. (1978). The impact of marital separation/divorce on children: 2. Interparental hostility and child adjustment. Journal of Divorce, 2, 3-19.
44. Jaffe, P., & Cameron, S. (1984). A preliminary study of clinical interventions in custody and access disputes. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 16, 167-172.
45. Johnston, J. R., & Campbell, L. E. G. (1988). Impasses of divorce: The dynamics and resolution of family conflict. New York: Free Press.
46. Johnston, J. R., Campbell, L. E. G., & Mayes, S. S. (1985). Latency children in post-separation and divorce disputes. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 563-574.
47. Johnston, J. R., Gonzalez, R., & Campbell, L. E. G. (1987). Ongoing post-divorce conflict and child disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 495-509.
48. Joubert, C. E. (1986). Social interest, loneliness and narcissism. Psychological Reports, 58, 570.
49. Kashy, D. A., & Snyder, D. K. (1995). Measurement and data analytic issues in couples research. Psychological Assessment, 7, 338-348.
50. Kernberg, O. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.
51. Kline, M., Tschann, J. M., Johnston, J. R., & Wallerstein, J. S. (1989). Children's adjustment in joint and sole physical custody families. Developmental Psychology, 25, 430-438.
52. Koestner, R., Franz, C., & Weinberger, J. (1990). The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 709-717.
53. Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press.
54. Kurdek, L. A., & Berg, B. (1982). Correlates of children's long-term adjustment of their parents' divorce. In L. Kurdek (Ed.), Children and divorce (pp. 47-60). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
55. Lachkar, J. (1984). Narcissistic borderline couples: A psychodynamic perspective. International Journal of Family Psychiatry, 5, 169-189.
56. Lee, C. M., Picard, M., & Blain, M. D. (1994). A methodological and substantive review of intervention outcome studies for families undergoing divorce. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 3-15.
57. Luepnitz, D. A. (1986). A comparison of maternal, paternal, and joint custody: Understanding the varieties of post-divorce family life. Journal of Divorce, 9, 1-12.
58. Maccoby, E. E., & Mnookin, R. H. (1992). Dividing the child: Social and legal dilemmas of custody. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
59. MacKinnon, C. E. (1989). An observational investigation of sibling interactions in married and divorced families. Developmental Psychology, 25, 36-44.
60. Mahler, M., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant. New York: Basic.
61. Masterson, J. F. (1981). The narcissistic and borderline disorders: An integrated developmental approach. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
62. Matas, L., Arend, R., & Sroufe, L. (1978). Continuity of adaptation in the second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 49, 547-556.
63. Miller, A. (1981). Prisoners of childhood. New York: Basic.
64. Murphy, M. A. (1980). A comparative study of normative parental attitudes in contemporary students in post-secondary education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Denver.
65. Pearson, J., & Thoennes, N. (1990). Custody after divorce: Demographic and attitudinal patterns. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 233-249.
66. Phares, E. J., & Erskine, N. (1984). The measurement of selfism. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 597-608.
67. Price, J. (1980, September). Aspects of family and children's television viewing content preferences. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
68. Prifitera, A., & Ryan, J. J. (1984). Validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) in a psychiatric sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 140-142.
69. Pulkkinen, L. (1982). Self-control and continuity from childhood to adolescence. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 4). New York: Academic Press.
70. Raskin, R. (1980). Narcissism and creativity: Are they related?Psychological Reports, 46, 55-60.
71. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.
72. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1981). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternate form reliability and farther evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159-162.
73. Raskin, R., & Novacek, J. (1989). An MMPI description of the narcissistic personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 66-80.
74. Raskin, R., & Shaw, R. (1988). Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 393-404.
75. Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902.
76. Roman, M., & Haddad, W. (1978). The disposable parent. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
77. Rotter, J. B., Chance, J. E., & Phares, E. J. (Eds.). (1972). Applications of social learning theory to personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
78. Steinman, S. B., Zemmelman, S. E., & Knoblauch, T. M. (1985). A study of parents who sought joint custody following divorce: Who reaches agreement and sustains joint custody and who returns to court. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 545-554.
79. Stone, J. M. (1980). A comparison of the attitudes and educations of parents as measured by four constructs associated with child abuse. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Loyola University, Chicago, IL.
80. Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1982). The dyad as the unit of analysis: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 11, 889-900.
81. Tschann, J. M., Johnston, J. R., Kline, M.,& Wallerstein, J. S. (1989). Family process and children's functioning during divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 431-444.
82. Tschann, J. M., Johnston, J. R., & Wallerstein, J. S. (1989). Resources, stressors, and attachment as predictors of adult adjustment after divorce: A longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 1033-1046.
83. Wallerstein, J. S. (1991). The long-term effects of divorce on children: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 349-360.
84. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second chances: Men, women and children a decade after divorce. New York: Ticknor & Fields.
85. Watson, P. J., Hood, R. W., Jr., & Morris, R. J. (1984). Religious orientation, humanistic values and narcissism. Review of Religious Research, 25, 257-264.
86. Watson, P. J., McKinney, J., Hawkins, C., & Morris, R. J. (1988). Assertiveness and narcissism. Psychotherapy, 25, 125-131.
87. Watson, P. J., & Morris, R. J. (1991). Irrational beliefs and the problem of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1137-1140.
88. Wolchik, S. A., Braver, S. L., & Sandler, I. N. (1985). Maternal versus joint custody: Children's post-separation experiences and adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 5-10.