Primitive defenses, object relations, and symptom clusters in borderline psychopathology

Journal of Personality Assessment

Volumn 67, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 294-304

  Greene, Les R ^a  

^a VA CONNECTICUT HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BORDERLINE STATE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBJECT RELATION; SELF REPORT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0029835163     PISSN: 00223891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6702_6     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Acklin, M. W. (1993). Psychodiagnosis of personality structure II: Borderline personality organization. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 329-341.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Andrews, G., Pollock, C., & Stewart, G. (1989). The determination of defense style by questionnaire. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 455-460.
5. Andrews, G., Singh, M., & Bond, M. (1993). The Defense Style Questionnaire. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 246-256.
6. Bell, M., Billington, R., & Becker, B. (1986). A scale for the assessment of object relations: Reliability, validity, and factorial invariance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 733-741.
7. Bell, M., Billington, R., Cicchetti, D., & Gibbons J. (1988). Do object relations deficits distinguish BPD from other diagnostic groups? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 511-516.
8. Bellak, S., Hurvich, M , & Gediman, H. (1973). Ego functions in schizophrenics, neurotics, and normals. New York: Wiley
9. Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York: Guilford.
10. Blatt, S. J., & Auerbach, J. (1988). Differential cognitive disturbances in three types of borderline patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 198-211.
11. Blatt, S. J., & Ford, R. Q. (1994). Therapeutic change: An object relations perspective New York: Plenum.
12. Blatt, S. J., & Lerner, H. (1983). The psychological assessment of object representations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 7-28.
13. Bond, M. (1992). An empirical study of defensive styles: The Defense Style Questionnaire, In G. E. Vaillant (Ed.), Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers (pp. 127-158). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
14. Bond, M. (1995). The development and properties of the Defense Style Questionnaire. In H. R. Conte & R. Plutchik (Eds ), Ego defenses: Theory and measurement (pp. 202-220). New York: Wiley.
15. Bond, M., Gardner, S., Christian, J., & Sigal, J. (1983). Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 333-338.
16. Bond, M., Paris, J., & Zweig-Frank, H. (1994) Defense styles and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 8, 28-31.
17. Bond, M., Perry, J., Gautier, M., Goldenberg, M., Oppenheimer, J., & Simand, J. (1989). Validating the self-report of defense styles. Journal of Personality Disorders, 3, 101-112.
18. Carr, A. (1987). Borderline defenses and Rorschach responses: A critique of Lerner, Albert, and Walsh. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 349-354.
19. Christopher, J., Bickhard, M., & Lambeth, G. (1992). Splitting Kernberg: A critique of Otto Kernberg's notion of splitting. Psychotherapy, 29, 481-485.
20. Cooper, S. H. (1992) The empirical study of defensive processes: A review. In J. W. Barron, M. N. Eagle, & D. L. Wolitzky (Eds.), Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 327-346). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
21. Cooper, S. H., Perry, J., & Arnow, D. (1988). An empirical approach to the study of defense mechanisms: I. Reliability and preliminary validity of the Rorschach Defense Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 187-203.
22. Gereon, M. (1984). Splitting: The development of a measure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 157-162.
23. Glassman, M. B. (1986). Splitting: Further contributions to the development of a measure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 895-903.
24. Gottschalk, L., Fronczek, J., & Abel, L. (1993). Emotions, defenses, coping mechanisms, and symptoms. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 10, 237-260.
25. Greene, L. R. (1990). Relationships among semantic differential change measures of splitting, self fragmentation and object relations in borderline psychopathology. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 63, 21-32.
26. Greene, L. R. (1993). Primitive defenses and the borderline patient's perceptions of the psychiatric treatment team. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 10, 533-549.
27. Greene, L. R., Rosenkrantz, J., & Muth, D. (1985). Splitting dynamics, self representations and boundary phenomena in the group psychotherapy of borderline personality disorders. Psychiatry, 48, 234-245.
28. Greene, L. R., Rosenkrantz, J., & Muth, D. (1986). Borderline defenses and countertransference: Research findings and implications. Psychiatry, 49, 253-264.
29. Hibbard, S. (1992). Narcissism, shame, masochism, and object relations: An exploratory correlational study. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 9, 489-508.
30. Hurt, S. W., Clarkin, J. F., Munroe-Blum, H., & Marziali, E. (1992). Borderline behavioral clusters and different treatment approaches. In J. F. Clarkin, E. Marziali, & H. Monroe-Blum (Eds.), Borderline personality disorder: Clinical and empirical perspectives (pp. 199-219). New York: Guilford.
31. Hurt, S.W., Clarkin, J. F., Widiger, T. A., Fryer, M. R., Sullivan, T., Stone, M. H., & Frances, A. (1990). Evaluation of DSM-III decision rules for case detection using joint conditional probability structures. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 121-130.
32. Hyler, S. E., Skodol, A. E., Kellman, H. D., Oldham, J. M., & Rosnick, L. (1990). Validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised: Comparison with two structured interviews. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1043-1048.
33. Johnson, J. G , Bornstein, R F., & Krukonis, A. B. (1992). Defense styles as predictors of personality disorder symptomatology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 408-416.
34. Kemberg, O. (1976). Object relations theory and clinical psychoanalysis. New York: Aronson.
35. Kurtz, J., Morey, L., & Tomarken, A S. (1993). The concurrent validity of three self-report measures of borderline personality. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 15, 255-266.
36. Lerner, H. (1986) Research perspectives on psychotherapy with borderline patients. Psychotherapy, 23, 57-69.
37. Lerner, H., Albert, C., & Walsh, M. (1987) The Rorschach assessment of borderline defenses. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 344-354.
38. Lerner, H., Sugarman, A., & Barbour, C. (1985). Patterns of ego boundary disturbance in neurotic, borderline, and schizophrenic patients. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 2, 47-66.
39. Lerner, P. (1990). Rorschach assessment of primitive defenses: A review. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 30-46.
40. Lerner, P. (1992). The borderline concept: Crossroads of theory and research. In J. W. Barron, M. N. Eagle, & D. L. Wolitzky (Eds.), Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 452-463). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Lerner, P., & Lerner, H. (1980). Rorschach assessment of primitive defenses in borderline personality structure. In J. Kwawer, H. Lerner, P. Lerner, & A. Sugarman (Eds.), Borderline phenomena and the Rorschach test (pp. 257-274). New York: International Universities Press.
42. Miripol, P., & Harris, W. (1983, August). Clinical and statistical validation of current object relations measures. Paper presented at the convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA.
43. Ownby, R., Wallbrown, F., Carmin, C., & Barnett, R. (1991). A canonical analysis of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the MMPI for an offender population. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 15-24.
44. Perry, J. C., & Cooper, S. H. (1986) A preliminary report on defenses and conflicts associated with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 34, 863-893.
45. Perry, J. C., & Cooper, S. H. (1992). What do cross-sectional measures of defense mechanisms predict? In G. E. Vaillant (Ed.), Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers (pp. 195-216). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
46. Ritzler, B. (1994). The Rorschach: Defense or adaptation? In H. R. Conte & R. Plutchik (Eds.), Ego defenses: Theory and measurement (pp. 263-282). New York: Wiley.
47. Smith, T (1993). Measurement of object relations: A review. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 2, 19-37.
48. Soldz, S., Budman, S , Demby, A., & Merry, J. (1995). The relation of defensive style to personality pathology and the Big Five personality factors. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 356-370.
49. Spinhoven, P., van Gaalen, H , & Abraham, R. (1995). The Defense Style Questionnaire: A psychometric examination. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 124-133.
50. Stricker, G., & Healey, B. (1990). Projective assessment of object relations: A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 219-230.
51. Vaillant, G., Bond, M., & Vaillant, C. (1986). An empirically validated hierarchy of defense mechanisms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 786-794.
52. Westen, D. (1990). Towards a revised theory of borderline object relations: Contributions of empirical research. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 71, 661-693.
53. Widiger, T. (1992). Categorical versus dimensional classification: Implications from and for research. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 287-300.