Cytokines and production of surfactant components

Seminars in Perinatology

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 194-205

  Bry, K ^a   Lappalainen, U ^a   Hallman, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; LUNG SURFACTANT; SURFACTANT ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

AMNION FLUID ANALYSIS; ANIMAL CELL; FETUS LUNG; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GROWTH REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; LUNG ALVEOLUS SURFACE TENSION; NONHUMAN; PEPTIDE ANALYSIS; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW;

EID: 0029831344     PISSN: 01460005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0146-0005(96)80048-6     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Hawgood S Benson BJ Schilling J Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of pulmonary surfactant protein SP 18 and evidence for cooperation between SP 18 and SP 28–36 in surfactant lipid adsorption Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1987 66 70
2. Revak S Merritt TA Degryse E Use of human surfactant low molecular weight (LMW) apoproteins in the reconstitution of surfactant biological activity J Clin Invest 81 1988 826 833
3. King RJ MacBeth MC Physicochemical properties of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine after interaction with an apolipoprotein of pulmonary surfactant Biochim Biophys Acta 557 1979 86 101
4. Haagsman HP Surfactant proteins A and D Biochem Soc Trans 22 1994 100 106
5. Post M Smith BT Hormonal control of surfactant metabolism Robertson B van Golde LMG Batenburg JJ Pulmonary Surfactant: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice 1992 Elsevier Amsterdam 379 424
6. Kohchi C Noguchi K Tanabe Y Constitutive expression of TNF-α and-ß genes in mouse embryo: Roles of cytokines as regulator and effector on development Int J Biochem 26 1994 111 119
7. Rappolee DA Brenner CA Schultz R Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-α, and TGF-ß genes in preimplantation mouse embryos Science 242 1988 1823 1825
8. Wong DT Weller PF Galli SJ Human eosinophils express transforming growth factor α J Exp Med 172 1990 673 681
9. McCartney-Francis NL Wahl SM Transforming growth factor ß: A matter of life and death J Leukocyte Biol 55 1994 401 409
10. Massagué J Epidermal growth factor-like transforming growth factor. II. Interaction with epidermal growth factor receptors in human placenta membranes and A431 cells J Biol Chem 258 1983 13614 13620
11. Warburton D Seth C Shrum L Epigenetic role of epidermal growth factor expression and signaling in embryonic mouse lung morphogenesis Dev Biol 149 1992 123 133
12. Stahlman MT Orth DN Gray ME Immunocytochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in the developing human respiratory system and in acute and chronic lung disease in the neonate Lab Invest 60 1989 539 547
13. Raaberg L Nexo E Damsgaard Mikkelsen J Poulsen SS Immunohistochemical localization and developmental aspects of epidermal growth factor in the rat Histochemistry 89 1988 351 356
14. Scott SM Buenaflor G Orth D Immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor concentrations in amniotic fluid, umbilical artery and vein serum, and placenta in full-term and pre-term infants Biol Neonate 56 1989 246 251
15. Hofmann GE Abramowicz JS Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine during pregnancy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 69 1990 217 221
16. Strandjord TP Clark JG Hodson WA Expression of transforming growth factor-α in mid-gestation human fetal lung Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8 1993 266 272
17. Kubiak J Mitra MM Steve AR TGF-α gene expression in late gestation fetal rat lung Pediatr Res 31 1992 286 290
18. Brown PI Lam R Laksmanan J Fisher DA Transforming growth factor alpha in developing rats Am J Physiol 259 1990 E256 E260
19. Catterton WZ Escobedo MB Sexson WR Effect of epidermal growth factor on lung maturation in fetal rabbits Pediatr Res 13 1979 104 108
20. Gospodarowicz D Epidermal and nerve growth factors in mammalian development Ann Rev Physiol 43 1981 251 263
21. Marti V Burwen SJ Jones AI Biological effects of epidermal growth factor with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract and liver: An update Hepatology 9 1989 126 138
22. Luger A Calogero A Kalogeras K Interaction of epidermal growth factor with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: potential physiologic relevance J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 1988 334 337
23. Derynck R The physiology of transforming growth factor-alpha Adv Cancer Res 58 1992 27 52
24. Gross I Dynia DW Rooney SA Influence of epidermal growth factor on fetal lung development in vitro Pediatr Res 20 1986 473 477
25. Haigh RM Hollingsworth M Micklewright LA The effect of human urogastrone on lung phospholipids in fetal rabbits J Dev Physiol 10 1988 433 443
26. Raaberg L Nexo E Buckley S Epidermal growth factor transcription, translation, and signal transduction by rat type II pneumocytes in culture Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 6 1992 44 49
27. 1=35,000 surfactant-associated protein in fetal lung J Biol Chem 262 1987 7908 7913
28. Sundell HW Gray ME Serenius FS Effects of epidermal growth factor on lung maturation in fetal lambs Am J Pathol 100 1980 707 726
29. Schellenberg JC Liggins GC Manzai M Synergistic hormonal effects on lung maturation in fetal sheep J Appl Physiol 65 1988 94 100
30. Plopper CG St. George JA Read LC Acceleration of alveolar type II cell differentiation in fetal rhesus monkey lung by administration of EGF Am J Physiol 262 1992 L313 L321
31. Goetzman BW Read LC Plopper CG Prenatal exposure to epidermal growth factor attenuates respiratory distress syndrome in rhesus infants Pediatr Res 35 1994 30 36
32. Edwards LA Read LC Nishio SJ Comparison of the distinct effects of epidermal growth factor and betamethasone on the morphogenesis of the gas exchange region and differentiation of alveolar type II cells in lungs of fetal rhesus monkeys J Pharmacol Exp Ther 274 1995 1025 1032
33. Klein JM Nielsen HC Sex-specific differences in rabbit fetal lung maturation in response to epidermal growth factor Biochim Biophys Acta 1133 1992 121 126
34. Klein JM Nielsen HC Androgen regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity during fetal rabbit lung development J Clin Invest 91 1995 425 431
35. Scott SM Guardian CM Angelus P Backstrom C Developmental pattern of urinary epidermal growth factor in the premature infant and the influence of gender J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 1991 588 593
36. Yasui S Nagai A Oohira A Effects of anti-mouse EGF antibodies on prenatal lung development in fetal mice Pediatr Pulmonol 15 1993 251 256
37. Raaberg L Nexo E Jorgensen PE Fetal effects of epidermal growth factor deficiency induced in rats by autoantibodies against epidermal growth factor Pediatr Res 37 1995 175 181
38. Miettinen PJ Berger JE Meneses J Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor Nature 376 1995 337 341
39. Sibilia M Wagner EF Strain-dependent epithelial defects in mice lacking the EGF receptor Science 269 1995 234 238
40. Threadgill DW Dlugosz AA Hansen LA Targeted disruption of mouse EGF receptor: Effect of genetic background on mutant phenotype Science 269 1995 230 233
41. Roberts AB Sporn MB Differential expression of the TGF-ß isoforms in embryogenesis suggests specific roles in developing and adult tissues Mol Reprod Dev 32 1992 91 98
42. Massagué J Cheifetz S Laiho M Transforming growth factor-ß Cancer Surveys 12 1992 81 103
43. Sporn MB Roberts AB What is TGF-ß? Ciba Found Symp 157 1991 1 6
44. Wahl S Transforming growth factor-ß: The good, the bad, and the ugly J Exp Med 180 1994 1587 1590
45. Roberts AB Flanders KC Kondaiah P Transforming growth factor ß: Biochemistry and roles in embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, and carcinogenesis Recent Prog Horm Res 44 1988 157 197
46. Akhurst RJ Fitzpatrick DR Fowlis DJ The role of TGF-ßs in mammalian development and neoplasia Mol Reprod Devel 32 1992 127 135
47. Okuda S Languino LR Ruoslahti E Border W Elevated expression of transforming growth factor-ß and proteoglycan production in experimental glomerulonephritis J Clin Invest 86 1990 453 462
48. Khalil N O'Connor RN Unruh HW Increased production and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-ß in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Am J Respir Cell Molec Biol 5 1991 155 162
49. Shannon JM Emrie A Fisher JH Effect of a reconstituted basement membrane on expression of surfactant apoproteins in cultured adult rat alveolar type II cells Am J Respir Cell Molec Biol 2 1990 183 192
50. Mule JJ Schwartz SL Roberts AB Transforming growth factor-ß inhibits the in vitro generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells Cancer Immunol Immunother 26 1988 95 100
51. Wahl SM Hunt DA Wong HL Transforming growth factor-ß is a potent immunosuppressive agent that inhibits IL-1 dependent lymphocyte proliferation J Immunol 140 1988 3026 3032
52. Tsunawaki S Sporn M Ding A Nathan C Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-ß Nature 334 1988 260 262
53. Wahl SM McCartney-Francis N Mergenhagen SE Inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of TGF-ß Immunol Today 10 1989 258 261
54. Massagué J The transforming growth factor-ß family Annu Rev Cell Biol 6 1990 597 641
55. Yamaguchi Y Mann DM Ruoslahti E Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-ß by the proteoglycan decorin Nature 346 1990 281 284
56. Ruoslahti E Yamaguchi Y Proteoglycans as modulators of growth factor activities Cell 64 1991 867 869
57. Miller DA Lee A Pelton RW Murine transforming growth factor-ß2 cDNA sequence and expression in adult tissues and embryos Mol Endocrinol 3 1989 1108 1114
58. Miller DA Lee A Matsui Y Complementary DNA cloning of the murine transforming growth factor-ß3 (TGF-ß3) precursor and the comparative expression of TGF-ß3 and TGF-ß1 messenger RNA in murine embryos and adult tissues Mol Endocrinol 3 1989 1926 1934
59. Lehnert SA Akhurst RJ Embryonic expression pattern of TGF ß type 1 RNA suggests both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action Development 104 1988 263 273
60. Pelton RW Nomura S Moses HL Hogan BLM Expression of transforming growth factor ß-2 RNA during murine embryogenesis Development 106 1989 759 767
61. Pelton RW Dickinson ME Mosses HL Hogan BLM In situ hybridization analysis of TGFß3RNA expression during mouse development: Comparative studies with TGFß1 and ß2 Development 110 1990 609 620
62. Heine UI Munoz EF Flanders KC Colocalization of TGF-ß1 and collagen I and III, fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans during lung branching morphogenesis Development 109 1990 29 36
63. Pelton RW Saxena B Jones M Immunohistochemical localization of TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, and TGF-ß3 in the mouse embryo: Expression patterns suggest multiple roles during embryonic development J Cell Biol 115 1991 1091 1105
64. Yamauchi K Martinet Y Basset P High levels of Am Rev Respir Dis 137 1988 1360 1363
65. Altman DJ Schneider SL Thompson DA A transforming growth factor β 2-like immunosuppressive factor in amniotic fluid and localization of TGF- β 2 mRNA in the pregnant uterus J Exp Med 172 1990 1391 1401
66. Tucker RF Shipley GD Moses HL Holley RW Growth inhibitor from BSC-1 cells is closely related to the platelet type β transforming growth factor Science 226 1984 705 707
67. Roberts AB Anzano MA Wakefield LM Type- β transforming growth factor: a Binfunctional regulator of cellular growth Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 1985 119 123
68. Jetten AM Shirley JE Stoner G Regulation of proliferation and differentiation of respiratory tract epithelial cells by TGF β Exp Cell Res 167 1986 539 549
69. Serra R Pelton RW Moses HL TGF- β 1 inhibits branching morphogenesis and N- myc expression in lung bud organ cultures Development 120 1994 2153 2161
70. Masui T Wakefield LM Lechner JF Type beta transforming growth factor in the primary differentiation-inducing serum factor for normal human bronchial cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 1986 2438 2442
71. Torday JS Kourembanas S Fetal rat lung fibroblasts produce a TGF β homolog that blocks alveolar type II cell maturation Dev Biol 139 1990 35 41
72. Whitsett JA Budden A Hull WM Transforming growth factor- β inhibits surfactant protein A expression in vitro Biochem Biophys Acta 1123 1992 257 262
73. Kulkarni AB Ward JM Yaswen L Transforming growth factor- β 1 null mice. An animal model for inflammatory disorders Am J Pathol 146 1995 264 275
74. Aggarwal BB Eessalu TE Hass PE Characterization of receptors for human tumor necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon Nature 318 1985 665 667
75. Kelker HC Oppenheim JD Stone-Wolff DS Characterization of human tumor necrosis factor produced by peripheral blood monocytes and its separation from lymphotoxin Int J Cancer 36 1985 69 73
76. Sung SSJ Jung LKL Walters JA Production of lymphotoxin by isolated human tonsillar B lymphocytes and B lymphocyte cell lines J Clin Invest 84 1989 236 243
77. Tracey K The acute and chronic pathophysiological effects of TNF: Mediation of septic shock and wasting (cachexia) Beutler B Tumor Necrosis Factors: The Molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine 1992 Raven Press New York, NY 255 273
78. Pujol-Borrell R Todd I Doshi M HLA class II induction in human islet cells by interferon- γ plus tumour necrosis factor or lymphotoxin Nature 326 1987 304 306
79. Piguet PF Grau GE Allet B Vassalli P Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin is an effector of skin and gut lesions of the acute phase of graft-vs.-host disease J Exp Med 166 1987 1280 1289
80. Old LJ Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Science 230 1985 630 632
81. Wallach D Holtmann H Engelmann HM Nophar Y Sensitization and desensitization to lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 J Immunol 140 1988 2994 2999
82. Loetscher H Pan YC Lahm HW Molecular cloning and expression of the human 55kD tumor necrosis factor receptor Cell 61 1990 351 359
83. Schall TJ Lewis M Koller KJ Molecular cloning and expression of a receptor for human tumor necrosis factor Cell 61 1990 361 370
84. Engelmann H Novick D Wallach D Two tumor necrosis factor-binding proteins purified from human urine: Evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with cell surface tumor necrosis factor receptors J Biol Chem 265 1990 1531 1536
85. Peetre C Thysell H Grubb A Olsson I A tumor necrosis factor binding protein is present in human biological fluids Eur J Haematol 41 1988 414 419
86. Bachwich PR Lynch JP Larrick J Tumor necrosis factor production by human sarcoid alveolar macrophages Am J Pathol 125 1986 421 425
87. Nicod LP Galve-de-Rochemonteix B Dayer JM Modulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist and TNF-soluble receptors produced by alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes Ann NY Acad Sci 725 1994 323 330
88. Buch C Gallati H Pohlandt F Bartmann P Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 β in tracheal aspirates of newborns with pneumonia Infection 22 1994 238 241
89. Suter PM Suter S Girardin E High bronchoalveolar levels of tumor necrosis factor and its inhibitors, interleukin-1, interferon, and elastase, in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome after trauma, shock, or sepsis Am Rev Respir Dis 145 1992 1016 1022
90. Parsons PE Moore FA Moore EE Studies on the role of tumor necrosis factor in adult respiratory distress syndrome Am Rev Respir Dis 146 1992 694 700
91. de Bont ES de Leij LH Okken A Increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in neonatal sepsis Pediatr Res 37 1995 626 629
92. Girardin EP Berner ME Grau GE Serum tumor necrosis factor in newborns at risk for infections Eur J Pediatr 149 1990 645 647
93. Waage A Halstensen A Espevik T Association between tumor necrosis factor in serum and fatal outcome in patients with meningococcal disease Lancet 1 1987 355 357
94. van Zee KJ Kohno T Fischer E Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor- α in vitro and in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 1992 4845 4849
95. Romero R Mazor M Sepulveda W Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor Am J Obstet Gynecol 166 1992 1576 1587
96. Wispe JR Clark JC Warner BB Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits expression of pulmonary surfactant protein J Clin Invest 86 1990 1954 1960
97. Whitsett JA Clark JC Wispe JR Pryhuber GS Effects of TNF- α and phorbol ester on human surfactant protein and MnSOD gene transcription in vitro Am J Physiol 262 1992 L688 L693
98. Pryhuber GS Church SL Kroft T Untranslated region of SP-B mRNA mediates inhibitory effects of TPA and TNF- α on SP-B expression Am J Physiol 267 1994 L16 L24
99. Dulkerian SJ Ballard PL Effects of inflammatory mediators on surfactant proteins A and B Pediatr Res 35 1994 296A
100. Arias-Diaz J Vara E Garcia C Balibrea JL Tumor necrosis factor- α -induced inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by human type II pneumocytes is partially mediated by prostaglandins J Clin Invest 94 1994 244 250
101. Bachurski CJ Pryhuber GS Glasser SW Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits surfactant protein C gene transcription J Biol Chem 270 1995 19402 19407
102. Miyazaki Y Araki K Vesin C Expression of a tumor necrosis factor- α transgene in murine lung causes lymphocytic and fibrosing alveolitis. A mouse model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis J Clin Invest 96 1995 250 259
103. Robinson BWS McLemore TL Crystal RG Gamma interferon is spontaneously released by alveolar macrophages and lung T lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis J Clin Invest 75 1985 1488 1495
104. Halloran PF Interferon- γ , prototype of the proinflammatory cytokines—Importance in activation, suppression, and maintenance of the immune response Transplant Proc 25 1993 10 15
105. Ballard PL Liley HG Gonzales LW Interferon- γ and synthesis of surfactant components by cultured human lung Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2 1990 137 143
106. Auron PE Webb AC Rosenwasser LJ Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin-1 precursor cDNA Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 1984 7907 7911
107. Lomedico PT Gubler U Hellman CP Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli Nature 312 1984 458 462
108. Kilian PL Kaffka KL Stern AS Interleukin-1-alpha and interleukin-1- β bind to the same receptor on T-cells J Immunol 136 1986 4509 4514
109. Dinarello CA Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism Blood 77 1991 1627 1652
110. Dinarello CA Thompson RC Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro Immunol Today 12 1991 404 410
111. Dinarello CA Role of interleukin-1 in infectious diseases Immunol Rev 127 1992 119 146
112. van der Meer JWM Barza M Wolff SM Dinarello CA A low dose of recombinant interleukin 1 protects granulocytopenic mice from lethal gram-negative infection Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 1988 1620 1623
113. Denis M Ghadirian E Interleukin-1 is involved in mouse resistance to Mycobacterium avium Infection Immunity 62 1994 457 461
114. Sims JE Gayle MA Slack JL Interleukin i signaling occurs exclusively via the type I receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 1993 6155 6159
115. Colotta F Re F Muzio M Interleukin-1 type II receptor: A decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4 Science 261 1993 472 475
116. Symons JA Eastgate JA Duff GW Purification and characterization of a novel soluble receptor for interleukin-1 J Exp Med 174 1991 1251 1254
117. Arend WP Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. A new member of the interleukin 1 family J Clin Invest 88 1991 1445 1451
118. Giri JG Wells J Dower SK Elevated levels of shed type II IL-1 receptor in sepsis. Potential role for type II receptor in regulation of IL-1 responses J Immunol 153 1994 58002 58008
119. Fischer E Van zee KJ Marano MA Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist circulates in experimental inflammation and in human disease Blood 79 1992 2196 2200
120. de Bont ESJM Martens A van Raan J Tumor necrosis factor- α , interleukin-1 β , and interleukin-6 plasma levels in neonatal sepsis Pediatr Res 33 1993 380 383
121. Vogels MT Mensink EJ Ye K Differential gene expression for IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1, and TNF receptors and IL-1 and TNF synthesis may explain IL-1-induced resistance to infection J Immunol 153 1994 5772 5780
122. Fisher CJ Jr Opal SM Lowry SF Role of interleukin-1 and the therapeutic potential of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in sepsis Circ Shock 44 1994 1 8
123. Fisher CJ Jr Dhainaut JF Opal SM Recombinant human interleukin i receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group JAMA 271 1994 1836 1843
124. Havell EA Moldawer LL Helfgott D Type I IL-1 receptor blockade exacerbates murine listeriosis J Immunol 148 1992 1486 1492
125. Mancilla J Garcia P Dinarello CA IL-1 receptor antagonist can either protect or enhance the lethality of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in newborn rats Infect Immunol 61 1993 926 932
126. Smith DR Kunkel SL Standiford TJ Increased interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A compartmental analysis Am J Respir Critic Care Med 151 1995 1965 1973
127. Roux-Lombard P Modoux C Dayer JM Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and a specific IL-1 inhibitor during human monocyte-macrophage differentiation: Influence of GM-CSF Cytokine 1 1989 45 51
128. Wewers MD Herzyk DJ Alveolar macrophages differ from blood monocytes in human IL-1 β release J Immunol 143 1989 1635 1641
129. Galve-de-Rochemonteix B Nicod LP Chicheportiche R Regulation of interleukin-1 ra, interleukin-1 α , and interleukin-1 β production by human alveolar macrophages with phorbol myristate acetate, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-4 Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8 1993 160 168
130. Bry K Lappalainen U Waffarn F influence of fetal gender on the concentration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in amniotic fluid and in newborn urine Pediatr Res 35 1994 130 134
131. Romero R Mazor M Brandt F Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 β in preterm and term human parturition Am J Reprod Immunol 27 1992 117 123
132. Dhar V Bry K Lappalainen U Hallman M Interleukin-1 α stimulates the expression of surfactant protein-A in rabbit lung explants Pediatr Res 37 1995 61A
133. Crestani B Cornillet P Dehoux M Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce interleukin-6 in vitro and in vivo J Clin Invest 94 1994 731 740
134. Stanley E Lieschke GJ Grail D Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice show no major perturbation of hematopoiesis but develop a characteristic pulmonary pathology Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 1994 5592 5596
135. Dranoff G Crawford AD Sadelain M Involvement of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in pulmonary homeostasis Science 264 1994 713 716
136. Kremlev SG Phelps DS Surfactant protein A stimulation of inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobulin production Am J Physiol 267 1994 L712 L719
137. Blau H Riklins S Kravtsov V Kalina M Secretion of cytokines by rat alveolar epithelial cells: possible regulatory role for SP-A Am J Physiol 266 1994 L148 L155