Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) concentrations in the breast milk of women in Quebec

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 86, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 1241-1246

  Dewailly, Éric ^a,d   Ayotte, Pierre ^a   Laliberté, Claire ^b   Weber, Jean Philippe ^c   Gingras, Suzanne ^b   Nantel, Albert J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^b Public Health Center (Quebec region)   (Canada)

^c Quebec Toxicology Center   (Canada)

^d Environmental Health Service   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,1 DICHLORO 2,2 BIS(4 CHLOROPHENYL)ETHYLENE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

ARTICLE; BREAST MILK; CANADA; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG MILK LEVEL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0029830977     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1241     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ecobichon DJ, Saschenbrecker PW. Pharmacodynamic study of DDT in cockerels. Can J Physiol Pliannacol. 1968;46:785-794.
2. Menzer RE. Water and soil pollutants. In: Amdur MO, Doull J, Kiaassen CD, eds. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: Vie Basic Science of Poisons. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1991:872-902.
3. Jensen AA. Levels and trends of environmental chemicals in human milk. In: Jensen AA, Slorach SA, eds. Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1991:45-198.
4. Ecobichon DJ. Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Amdur MO, Doull J, Kiaassen CD, eds. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: Tlie Basic Science of Poisons. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1991:565-622.
5. Dewailly É, Ayotte P, Bruneau S, Laliberté C, Muir DCG, Norstrom RJ. Inuit exposure to organochlorines through the aquatic food chain in Arctic Quebec. Emiron Health Perspect. 1993;101:618-620.
6. Travis CC, Arms AD. The food chain as a source of toxic chemical exposure. In: Lave LB, Upton AC, eds. Toxic Chemicals, Health, and the Environment. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1987: 95-113.
7. Geyer H, Scheunert I, Korte F. Bioconcen-tration of organic environmental chemicals in humans. Regul Toxicol Phannacol. 1986; 6:313-347.
8. Falck F, Ricci A, Wolff MS, Godbold J, Deckers P. Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast lipids and their relation to breast cancer. Arch Em-iron Health. 1992;47:143-146.
9. Wolff MS, Toniolo PG, Lee EW, Rivera M, Dubin N. Blood levels of organochlorine residues and risk of breast cancer. J NatlCancer Inst. 1993;85:648-653.
10. Dewailly É, Dodin S, Verreault R, et al. High organochlorine body burden in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. / Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86: 232-234.
11. Colborn T, Vom Saal FS, Solo AM. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wild-life and humans. Environ Health Perspcct. 1993;101:378-384.
12. Davis DL, Bradlow HL, Wolff M, Wooddruff T, Hoel DG, Anton-Culver H. Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect. 1993;101:372-377.
13. Seventh Biennal Report on Great Lakes Water Quality: Everything Has Changed, but for Our Way of Thinking. Washington, DC: International Joint Commission; 1994.
14. Dewailly É, Weber JP, Gingras S, Laliberté C. Coplanar PCBs in human milk in the province of Quebec, Canada: are they more toxic than dioxin for breast fed infants? Bull Environ Contain Toxicol. 1991:47:491-498.
15. Schulz DE, Petrick G, Duinker JC. Complete characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in commercial Aroclor and Clophen mixtures by multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Environ Sei Techno!. 1989;23:852859.
16. Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Schwartz PM, Fein GJ. Intrauterine exposure of human newborns to PCBs: measures of exposure. In: D'ltri FM, Kamrin M, eds. PCBs: Human and Environmental Hazards. Boston, Mass: Butterworth; 1983:311-343.
17. Jain MG, Harrisson L, Horve GR, Miller AB. Evaluation of a self-administered dietary questionnaire for use in a cohort study. Am J Clin Niitr. 1982;36:931-935.
18. Jensen AA, Slorach SA. Factors affecting the levels of residues in human milk. In: Jensen AA, Slorach SA, eds. Chemical Contaminants in Human Milk. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1991:199-207.
19. Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in Human Milk: Protocol for Second Round of Exposure Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
20. Ritcey WR, Savary G, McCully KA. Organochlorine insecticide residues in human milk, evaporated milk and some milk substitutes in Canada. Can J Public Health. 1972;63:125-132.
21. Mes J, Davies DJ, Turton D, Sun WF. Levels and trends of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in the breast milk of Canadian women. Food Addit Contain. 1986:3:313-322.
22. Mes J, Davies DJ, Doucet J, Weber D, McMullen E. Levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in Canadian human breast milk and their relationship to some charac-teristics of the donors. FoodAddit Contain. 1993; 10:429-441.
23. Dillon JC, Martin GB, O'Brien HT. Pesticide residues in human milk. Food Cosmetic Toxicol. 1981;19:437-442.
24. Vaz R, Slorach SA, Hofvander Y. Organochlorine contaminants in Swedish human milk: studies conducted at the National Food Administration 1981-1990. FoodAddit Contain. 1993;10:407-418.
25. Fürst P, Fürst C, Wilmers K. Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs. Em-iron Health Perspect. 1994;102(suppl 1):187-193.
26. Hernandez LM, Fernandez MA, Hoyas E, Gonzalez MJ, Garcia JF. Organochlorine insecticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast milk in Madrid (Spain). Bull Environ Contain Toxicol. 1993;50:30S-315.
27. Bates MN, Hannah DJ, Buckland SJ, Taucher JA, van Maanen T. Chlorinated organic contaminants in breast milk of New Zealand women. Em-iron Health Perspect. 1994;102(suppl 1):211-217.
28. Mes J, Davies DJ, Doucet J, Weber D, McMullen E. Specific polychlorinated biphenyl congener distribution in breast milk of Canadian women. Environ Technol. 1993:14:555-565.
29. Koopman-Essebom C, Huisman M, Weisglas-Kuperus N, et al. PCB and dio.xin levels in plasma and human milk of 418 Dutch women and their infants. Predictive value of PCB congener levels in maternal plasma for fetal and infant's exposure to PCBs and dioxins. Chemosphere. 1994;28: 1721-1732.
30. Johansen HR, Becher G, Polder A, Skaare JU. Congener-specific determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human milk from Norwegian mothers living in Oslo. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994:42:157-171.
31. Dewailly É, Nantel A, Bruneau S, Laliberté C, Ferron L, Gingras S. Breast milk contamination by PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in ArcticQuebec: a preliminary assessment. Chemosphere. 1992;25:1245-1249.
32. Brown JF Jr, Lawton RW, Ross MR, Feingold J, Wagner RE, Hamilton SB. Persistence of PCB congeners in capacitor workers and Yusho patients. Chemosphere. 1989; 19:829-534.
33. Morgan DP, Roan CC. Absorption, stor-age, and metabolic conversion of ingested DDT and DDT metabolites in man. Arch Environ Health. 1971;2:301-30S.
34. Kreiss K, Zack MM, Kimbrough RD, Needham LL, Smrek AL, Jones BT. Cross-sectional study of a community with exceptional exposure to DDT. JAMA. 19S1;245:1926-1930.
35. Wolff MS, Thornton J, Fischbein A, Lilis R, Selikoff IJ. Disposition of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in occupationally exposed persons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992;62:294-306.
36. Rogan WJ, Gladen DC, McKinney JD, et al. Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE.JPediatr. 19S6;109: 335-341.
37. Drijver M, Duijkers TJ, Kromhout D, Visser TJ, Mulder P, Louw R. Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human m\lk.ActaPediatrScand. 1988;77: 30-36.
38. Polishuk ZW, Ron M, Wassermann M, Cucos S, Wassermann D, Lemesch C. Pesticides in people: brganochlorine compounds in human blood plasma and milk. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1977; 10:121-129.
39. Currie RA, Kadis VW, Breitkreitz WE, Cunningham GB, Bruns GW. Pesticide residues in human milk, Alberta, Canada1966-70, 1977-78. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1979:13:52-55.
40. Slorach SA, Vaz R, eds. Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS), Assessment of Human Exposure to Selected Organochlorine Compounds through Biological Monitoring. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish National Food Administration; 1983.
41. Takahashi R, Saidin D, Take! G, Wong L. Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk in Hawaii. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol. 1981;17:506-511.
42. Cetinkaya M, Gabel B, Podbielski A, Thiemann W. Untersuchung über den Zusammenhang zwischen ernahrung und lebensumstanden stillender mutter und der kontamination der muttermilch mit schwerflüchtigen organochlorverbindungen.AktuelEmaehr. 1984;9:157-162.
43. Stacey CI, Thomas BW. Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk, Western Australia-1970-71. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1975;9:64-66.
44. Hofvander Y, Hagman U, Linder C-E, Vaz R, Slorach SA. WHO collaborative breast feeding study, I: Organochlorine contami-nants in individual samples of Swedish human milk, 1978-1979. Ada Paediatr Scand. 1981;70:3-8.
45. Westöö G, Norén K. Organochlorine contaminants in human milk, Stockholm 19671977. Amblo. 1978;7:62-64.
46. Watanabe I, Yakushiji T, Kuwabara K, et al. Surveillance of the daily PCB intake from the diet of Japanese women from 1972-76. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol. 1979;8:67-75.
47. Wickizer TM, Brilliant LB. Testing for polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk. Pediatrics. 19S1;6S:411-415.
48. Schwanz PM, Jacobson SW, Fein G, Jacobson JL, Price HA. Lake Michigan fish consumption as a source of polychlorinated biphenyls in human cord serum, maternal serum, and milk. Am J Public Health. 19S3;73:293-296.
49. Dewailly É, Laliberté G, Sauvé L, et al. Sea-bird egg consumption as a major source of PCB exposure for communities living along the Gulf of St Lawrence. Cliemosphere. 1992;25:1251-1255.
50. Kreiss K. Studies on populations exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Health Perspcct. 1985;60:193-199.
51. Sipes G, Gandolfi AJ. Biotransformation of toxicants. In: Amdur MO, Doull J, Klaassen CD, eds. Cäsaren and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1991:88126.
52. Rail TW. Hypnotics and sedatives; ethanol. In: Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1990:345-382.
53. Safe S. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24: 87-149.
54. DDT and Its Derivatives. Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization; 1979. Environmental Health Series No. 9.
55. Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF. Estrogens, progesterons, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. EpidemiolRev. 1993;15:17-35.
56. Newcomb PA, Storer BE, Longnecker MP, et al. Lactation and a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. N Engt J Med. 1994;330:81-87.