Effects of phosphate and nitrate supply on productivity, agar content and physical properties of agar of Gracilaria strain G-16S

Journal of Applied Phycology

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 41-49

  Lewis, Raymond J ^a,b   Dennis Hanisak, M ^a  

^a FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

agar; agar gel strength; agar gelling temperature; agar melting temperature; cultivation; Gracilaria; phosphorus nutrition; productivity

Indexed keywords

GRACILARIA;

EID: 0029826554     PISSN: 09218971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02186221     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Armisen R. (1995) World-wide use and importance of Gracilaria. J. appl. Phycol. 7: 231-243.
2. Armisen R, Galatis F (1987) Production, properties and uses of agar. In McHugh DG (ed), Production and Utilisation of Products from Commercial Seaweeds. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 288, Rome: 1-57.
3. Atkinson MJ, Smith SV (1983) C:N:P ratios of benthic marine algae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 568-574.
4. Bird KT (1988) Agar production and quality from Gracilaria sp. Strain G-16: Effects of environmental factors. Bot. mar. 31: 33-39.
5. Bird KT (1991) Algal strain for agar production. US Patent 4,996,389.
6. Bird KT, Habig C, DeBusk T (1982) Nitrogen allocation and storage patterns in Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta). J. Phycol. 18: 344-348.
7. Bird KT, Hanisak MD, Ryther J (1981) Chemical quality and production of agars extracted from Gracilaria tikvahiae grown in different nitrogen enrichment conditions. Bot. mar. 24: 441-444.
8. Bird KT, Ryther JH (1990) Cultivation of Gracilaria verrucosa (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Strain G-16 for agar. Hydrobiologia 204/205: 347-351.
9. Chiles TC, Bird KT, Koehn FE (1989) Influence of nitrogen availability on agar-polysaccharides from Gracilaria verrucosa strain G-16: structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy. J. appl. Phycol. 1:53-58.
10. Chopin T, Gallant T, Davison I (1995) Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition in Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta): effects on total phosphorus and nitrogen content, carrageenan production, and photosynthetic pigments and metabolism. J. Phycol. 31: 283-293.
11. Chopin T, Hanisak MD, Koehn FE (1991) Effects of seawater phosphorus concentration on floridean starch content in Agardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft el Wynne (Rhodophyceae). Bot. mar. 34: 369-373.
12. Chopin T, Hanisak MD, Koehn FE, Mollion J, Moreau S (1990) Studies of carrageenans and effects of seawater phosphorus concentration on carrageenan content and growth of Agardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft and Wynne (Rhodophyceae, Solieriaceae). J. appl. Phycol. 2: 3-16.
13. Craigie JS, Wen ZC, van der Meer JP (1984) Interspecific, intraspecific and nutritionally-determined variations in the composition of agars from Gracilaria sp. Bot. mar. 27: 55-61.
14. Daugherty BK, Bird KT (1988) Salinity and temperature effects on agar production from Gracilaria verrucosa. Strain G-16. Aqualture 75: 105-113.
15. DeBoer JA (1979) Effects of nitrogen enrichment on growth rate and phycocolloid content in Gracilaria foliifera and Neoagardhiella baileyi (Florideophyceae). Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 9: 263-271.
16. Ekman P, Yu S, Pedersen M (1991) Effects of altered salinity, darkness and algal nutrient status on floridoside and starch content, α-galactosidase activity and agar yield of cultivated Gracilaria sordida. Br. phycol. J. 26: 123-131.
17. Friedlander M, Ben-Amotz A (1991) The effect of outdoor culture conditions on growth and epiphytes of Gracilaria conferta. Aquat. Bot. 39: 315-333.
18. Goldman JC, McCarthy JJ, Peavy DG (1979) Growth rate influence on the chemical composition of phytoplankton in oceanic waters. Nature 279: 210-215.
19. Gordon DM, Birch PB, McComb AJ (1981) Effects of inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen on the growth of an estuarine Cladophora in culture. Bot. mar. 24: 93-106.
20. Guerin JM, Bird KT (1987) Effects of aeration period on the productivity and agar quality of Gracilaria sp. Aquaculture 64: 105-110.
21. Guiseley KB (1970) The relationship between methoxyl content and gelling temperature of agarose. Carbohydr. Res. 13: 247-256.
22. Hanisak MD (1979) Nitrogen limitation of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides as determined by tissue analysis. Mar. Biol. 50: 333-337.
23. Hanisak MD (1987) Cultivation of Gracilaria and other macroalgae in Florida for energy production. In Bird KT, Benson PH (eds), Seaweed Cultivation for Renewable Resources. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 191-218.
24. Lapointe BE (1985) Strategies for pulsed nutrient supply to Gracilaria cultures in the Florida Keys: interactions between concentration and frequency of nutrient pulses. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 93: 211-222.
25. Lapointe BE (1987) Phosphorus- and nitrogen-limited photosynthesis and growth of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae) in the Florida Keys: an experimental field study. Mar. Biol. 93: 561-568.
26. Macler B A, West JA (1987) Life history and physiology of the red alga Gelidium coulteri, in unialgal culture. Aquaculture 61: 281-293.
27. McHugh DJ (1991) Worldwide distribution of commercial resources of seaweeds including Gelidium. Hydrobiologia 221: 19-29.
28. Neish AC, Shaddock PF (1971) Greenhouse experiments (1971) on the propagation of strain T4 of Irish moss. National Research Council of Canada, Atlantic Regional Laboratory Technical Report, Series No. 14, 25 pp.
29. Redfield AC, Ketchum BH, Richards FA (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. In Hill MN (ed.), The Sea. Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas. Vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 26-77.
30. Ryther JG, Dunstan WM (1971) Nitrogen, phosphorus and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science 171: 1008-1013.
31. Santelices B, Doty MS (1989) A review of Gracilaria farming. Aquaculture 78: 95-133.
32. Smith SV (1984) Phosphorus versus nitrogen limitation in the marine environment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 1149-1160.
33. Solórzano L, Sharp JH (1980) Determination of total dissolved phosphorus and paniculate phosphorus in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 754-758.
34. Strickland JDH, Parsons TR (1972) A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, 310 pp.