Hydrochemical modeling of Emerald Lake watershed, Sierra Nevada, California: Sensitivity of stream chemistry to changes in fluxes and model parameters

Limnology and Oceanography

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 947-954

  Wolford, Ross A ^a,b   Bales, Roger C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b GRAM Incorporated   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0029825094     PISSN: 00243590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.0947     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. BALES, R. C. 1991. Modeling in-pack chemical transformations, p. 139-163. In T. D. Davies et al. [eds.], Processes of chemical change in seasonal snowcover. Springer.
2. _. 1992. Snowmelt and the ionic pulse, p. 199-207. In The encyclopedia of earth system science. V. 1. Academic.
3. _, R. E. DAVIS, AND D. A. STANLEY. 1989. Ionic elution through shallow, homogeneous snow. Water Resour. Res. 25: 1869-1877.
4. _, _, AND M. W. WILLIAMS. 1993. Tracer release in melting snow: Diurnal and seasonal patterns. Hydrol. Processes 7: 389-401.
5. CAYAN, D. R., AND L. G. RIDDLE. 1993. The influence of precipitation and temperature on seasonal streamflow in California. Water Resour. Res. 29: 1127-1140.
6. ELDER, K., J. DOZIER, AND J. MICHAELSEN. 1991. Snow accumulation and distribution in an alpine watershed. Water Resour. Res. 27: 1541-1552.
7. GIORGI, F., C. S. BRODEUR, AND G. T. BATES. 1994. Regional climate change scenarios over the United States produced with a nested regional climate model. J. Clim. 7: 375-399.
8. GRAUMLICH, L. J. 1993. A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quat. Res. 39: 249-255.
9. KATTELMANN, R., AND K. E. ELDER. 1991. Hydrologic characteristics and water balance of an alpine basin in the Sierra Nevada. Water Resour. Res. 27: 1553-1562.
10. OHTE, N., AND R. C. BALES. 1995. Multi-dimensional parameter estimation of the integrated alpine hydro-chemical model using Monte-Carlo simulation, p. 175-183. In K. A. Tonnessen et al. [eds.], Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IAHS-AIHS Publ. 228.
11. TONNESSEN, K. A. 1991. The Emerald Lake watershed study: Introduction and site description. Water Resour. Res. 27: 1537-1539.
12. VAN GENUCHTEN, M. T. 1980. A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 892-898.
13. WESTALL, J. C., J. L. ZACHARY, AND F. M. M. MOREL. 1976. MINEQL: A computer program for the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition of aqueous systems. Mass. Inst. Technol. Tech. Note 18.
14. WILLIAMS, M. W., R. C. BALES, A. D. BROWN, AND J. M. MELACK. 1995. Fluxes and transformations of nitrogen in a high-elevation catchment, Sierra Nevada. Biogeochemistry 28: 1-31.
15. _, AND J. M. MELACK. 1991a. Precipitation chemistry in and ionic loading to an alpine basin, Sierra Nevada. Water Resour. Res. 27: 1563-1574.
16. _, AND _. 1991b. Solute chemistry of snowmelt and runoff in an alpine basin, Sierra Nevada. Water Resour. Res. 27: 1575-1588.
17. WOLFORD, R. A. 1992. Integrated hydrochemical modeling of an alpine watershed: Sierra Nevada, California. Univ. Arizona Dep. Hydrol. Water Resour. Tech. Rep. 92-040.
18. _, R. C. BALES, AND S. SOROOSHIAN. 1996. Development of a hydrochemical model for seasonally snow-covered alpine watersheds: Application to Emerald Lake Watershed, Sierra Nevada, California. Water Resour. Res. 32: in press.