메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 1881-1888

Quinolone resistance mutations in topoisomerase IV: Relationship to the flqA locus and genetic evidence that topoisomerase IV is the primary target and DNA gyrase is the secondary target of fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIPROFLOXACIN; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE (ATP HYDROLYSING); DNA TOPOISOMERASE IV; NORFLOXACIN; NOVOBIOCIN; OFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0029824413     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.8.1881     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (211)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0027419771 scopus 로고
    • The 43-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein hydrolyzes ATP and hinds coumarin drugs
    • Ali, J. A., A. P. Jackson, A. J. Howells, and A. Maxwell. 1993. The 43-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein hydrolyzes ATP and hinds coumarin drugs. Biochemistry 32:2717-2724.
    • (1993) Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 2717-2724
    • Ali, J.A.1    Jackson, A.P.2    Howells, A.J.3    Maxwell, A.4
  • 2
    • 0027986657 scopus 로고
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates
    • Belland, R. J., S. G. Morrison, C. Ison, and W. M. Huang. 1994. Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Mol. Microbiol. 14:371-380.
    • (1994) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.14 , pp. 371-380
    • Belland, R.J.1    Morrison, S.G.2    Ison, C.3    Huang, W.M.4
  • 3
    • 0027278035 scopus 로고
    • Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the DNA gyrase genes from Staphylococcus aureus
    • Brockbank, S. M., and P. T. Barth. 1993. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the DNA gyrase genes from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 175:3269-3277.
    • (1993) J. Bacteriol. , vol.175 , pp. 3269-3277
    • Brockbank, S.M.1    Barth, P.T.2
  • 4
    • 0026648204 scopus 로고
    • gyrB mutations which confer coumarin resistance also affect DNA supercoiling and ATP hydrolysis by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase
    • Contreras, A., and A. Maxwell. 1992. gyrB mutations which confer coumarin resistance also affect DNA supercoiling and ATP hydrolysis by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Mol. Microbiol. 6:1617-1624.
    • (1992) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 1617-1624
    • Contreras, A.1    Maxwell, A.2
  • 5
    • 0024383245 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones
    • Cullen, M. E., A. W. Wyke, R. Kuroda, and L. M. Fisher. 1989. Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:886-894.
    • (1989) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.33 , pp. 886-894
    • Cullen, M.E.1    Wyke, A.W.2    Kuroda, R.3    Fisher, L.M.4
  • 6
    • 0028316927 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity and structure-side-effect relationships for the quinolone antibacterials
    • Domagala, J. M. 1994. Structure-activity and structure-side-effect relationships for the quinolone antibacterials. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33:685-706.
    • (1994) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.33 , pp. 685-706
    • Domagala, J.M.1
  • 7
    • 0029043097 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of gyrA and grlA mutations in stepwise-selected ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Ferrero, L., B. Cameron, and J. Crouzet. 1995. Analysis of gyrA and grlA mutations in stepwise-selected ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1554-1558.
    • (1995) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.39 , pp. 1554-1558
    • Ferrero, L.1    Cameron, B.2    Crouzet, J.3
  • 8
    • 0027956736 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and primary structure of Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase IV: A primary target of fluoroquinolones
    • Ferrero, L., B. Cameron, B. Manse, D. Lagneaux, J. Crouzet, A. Famechon, and F. Blanche. 1994. Cloning and primary structure of Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase IV: a primary target of fluoroquinolones. Mol. Microbiol. 13:641-653.
    • (1994) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.13 , pp. 641-653
    • Ferrero, L.1    Cameron, B.2    Manse, B.3    Lagneaux, D.4    Crouzet, J.5    Famechon, A.6    Blanche, F.7
  • 9
    • 0019376425 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases
    • Gellert, M. 1981. DNA topoisomerases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50:879-910.
    • (1981) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.50 , pp. 879-910
    • Gellert, M.1
  • 10
    • 0001373485 scopus 로고
    • Nalidixic acid resistance: A second genetic character involved in DNA gyrase activity
    • Gellert, M., K. Mizuuchi, M. H. O'Dea, T. Itoh, and J. I. Tomizawa. 1977. Nalidixic acid resistance: a second genetic character involved in DNA gyrase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:4772-4776.
    • (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.74 , pp. 4772-4776
    • Gellert, M.1    Mizuuchi, K.2    O'Dea, M.H.3    Itoh, T.4    Tomizawa, J.I.5
  • 11
    • 0017043747 scopus 로고
    • Novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit DNA supercoiling catalyzed by DNA gyrase
    • Gellert, M., M. H. O'Dea, T. Itoh, and J. Tomizawa. 1976. Novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit DNA supercoiling catalyzed by DNA gyrase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:4474-4478.
    • (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.73 , pp. 4474-4478
    • Gellert, M.1    O'Dea, M.H.2    Itoh, T.3    Tomizawa, J.4
  • 12
    • 0026692159 scopus 로고
    • Detection of gyrA gene mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Analysis by polymerase chain reaction and automated direct DNA sequencing
    • Goswitz, J. J., K. E. Willard, C. E. Fasching, and L. R. Peterson. 1992. Detection of gyrA gene mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: analysis by polymerase chain reaction and automated direct DNA sequencing. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:1166-1169.
    • (1992) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.36 , pp. 1166-1169
    • Goswitz, J.J.1    Willard, K.E.2    Fasching, C.E.3    Peterson, L.R.4
  • 13
    • 0026093067 scopus 로고
    • Novel quinolone resistance mutations of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase A protein: Enzymatic analysis of the mutant proteins
    • Hallett, P., and A. Maxwell. 1991. Novel quinolone resistance mutations of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase A protein: enzymatic analysis of the mutant proteins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:335-340.
    • (1991) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.35 , pp. 335-340
    • Hallett, P.1    Maxwell, A.2
  • 14
    • 0026100406 scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents
    • Hooper, D. C., and J. S. Wolfson. 1991. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:384-394.
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.324 , pp. 384-394
    • Hooper, D.C.1    Wolfson, J.S.2
  • 15
    • 0025339969 scopus 로고
    • DNA cloning and organization of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrA and gyrB genes: Close homology among gyrase proteins and implications for 4-quinolone action and resistance
    • Hopewell, R., M. Oram, R. Briesewitz, and L. M. Fisher. 1990. DNA cloning and organization of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrA and gyrB genes: close homology among gyrase proteins and implications for 4-quinolone action and resistance. J. Bacteriol. 172:3481-3484.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 3481-3484
    • Hopewell, R.1    Oram, M.2    Briesewitz, R.3    Fisher, L.M.4
  • 16
    • 0027435073 scopus 로고
    • Sequential acquisition of norfloxacin and ofloxacin resistance by methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
    • Hori, S., Y. Ohshita, Y. Utsui, and K. Hiramatsu. 1993. Sequential acquisition of norfloxacin and ofloxacin resistance by methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2278-2284.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 2278-2284
    • Hori, S.1    Ohshita, Y.2    Utsui, Y.3    Hiramatsu, K.4
  • 17
    • 0023654375 scopus 로고
    • Mapping the active site tyrosine of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase
    • Horowitz, D. S., and J. C. Wang. 1987. Mapping the active site tyrosine of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. J. Biol. Chem. 262:5339-5344.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 5339-5344
    • Horowitz, D.S.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0027939140 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of inhibition of Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV by quinolones with DNA gyrase inhibition
    • Hoshino, K., A. Kitamura, I. Morrissey, K. Sato, J. Kato, and H. Ikeda. 1994. Comparison of inhibition of Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV by quinolones with DNA gyrase inhibition. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2623-2627.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 2623-2627
    • Hoshino, K.1    Kitamura, A.2    Morrissey, I.3    Sato, K.4    Kato, J.5    Ikeda, H.6
  • 20
    • 9444293104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal communication
    • Huang, W. M. Personal communication.
    • Huang, W.M.1
  • 22
    • 0025027077 scopus 로고
    • New topoisomerase essential for chromosome segregation in E. coli
    • Kato, J., Y. Nishimura, R. Imamura, H. Niki, S. Hiraga, and H. Suzuki. 1990. New topoisomerase essential for chromosome segregation in E. coli. Cell 63:393-404.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.63 , pp. 393-404
    • Kato, J.1    Nishimura, Y.2    Imamura, R.3    Niki, H.4    Hiraga, S.5    Suzuki, H.6
  • 23
    • 0027071634 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of DNA topoisomerase IV in Escherichia coli
    • Kato, J., H. Suzuki, and H. Ikeda. 1992. Purification and characterization of DNA topoisomerase IV in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 267:25676-25684.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 25676-25684
    • Kato, J.1    Suzuki, H.2    Ikeda, H.3
  • 25
    • 0028067402 scopus 로고
    • Analysis by PCR and direct DNA sequencing of gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis
    • Korten, V., W. M. Huang, and B. E. Murray. 1994. Analysis by PCR and direct DNA sequencing of gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2091-2094.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 2091-2094
    • Korten, V.1    Huang, W.M.2    Murray, B.E.3
  • 28
    • 0028067837 scopus 로고
    • Role of efflux pump(s) in intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin
    • Li, X. Z., D. M. Livermore, and H. Nikaido. 1994. Role of efflux pump(s) in intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1732-1741.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 1732-1741
    • Li, X.Z.1    Livermore, D.M.2    Nikaido, H.3
  • 29
    • 0026522732 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrB-gyrA locus encoding the DNA gyrase A and B proteins
    • Margerrison, E. E., R. Hopewell, and L. M. Fisher. 1992. Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrB-gyrA locus encoding the DNA gyrase A and B proteins. J. Bacteriol. 174:1596-1603.
    • (1992) J. Bacteriol. , vol.174 , pp. 1596-1603
    • Margerrison, E.E.1    Hopewell, R.2    Fisher, L.M.3
  • 30
    • 0027200479 scopus 로고
    • The interaction between coumarin drugs and DNA gyrase
    • Maxwell, A. 1993. The interaction between coumarin drugs and DNA gyrase. Mol. Microbiol. 9:681-686.
    • (1993) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 681-686
    • Maxwell, A.1
  • 32
    • 0027514765 scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone resistance protein Nor A of Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug efflux transporter
    • Neyfakh, A. A., C. M. Borsch, and G. W. Kaatz. 1993. Fluoroquinolone resistance protein Nor A of Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug efflux transporter. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:128-129.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 128-129
    • Neyfakh, A.A.1    Borsch, C.M.2    Kaatz, G.W.3
  • 33
    • 0028217509 scopus 로고
    • Quinolone resistance mediated by norA: Physiologic characterization and relationship to flqB, a quinolone resistance locus on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome
    • Ng, E. Y., M. Trucksis, and D. C. Hooper. 1994. Quinolone resistance mediated by norA: physiologic characterization and relationship to flqB, a quinolone resistance locus on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1345-1355.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 1345-1355
    • Ng, E.Y.1    Trucksis, M.2    Hooper, D.C.3
  • 34
    • 0025203013 scopus 로고
    • A point mutation in norA gene is responsible for quinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Ohshita, Y., K. Hiramatsu, and T. Yokota. 1990. A point mutation in norA gene is responsible for quinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 172:1028-1034.
    • (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.172 , pp. 1028-1034
    • Ohshita, Y.1    Hiramatsu, K.2    Yokota, T.3
  • 35
    • 0026071883 scopus 로고
    • 4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Oram, M., and L. M. Fisher. 1991. 4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:387-389.
    • (1991) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.35 , pp. 387-389
    • Oram, M.1    Fisher, L.M.2
  • 36
    • 0005654693 scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • S. J. O'Brien (ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
    • Pattee, P. A. 1990. Staphylococcus aureus, p. 2.22-2.27. In S. J. O'Brien (ed.), Genetic maps: locus maps of complex genomes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
    • (1990) Genetic Maps: Locus Maps of Complex Genomes , pp. 222-227
    • Pattee, P.A.1
  • 37
    • 0016730194 scopus 로고
    • Transformation analysis of three linkage groups in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Pattee, P. A., and D. S. Neveln. 1975. Transformation analysis of three linkage groups in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 124:201-211.
    • (1975) J. Bacteriol. , vol.124 , pp. 201-211
    • Pattee, P.A.1    Neveln, D.S.2
  • 38
    • 0027490939 scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV. Purification, characterization, subunit structure, and subunit interactions
    • Peng, H., and K.J. Marians. 1993. Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV. Purification, characterization, subunit structure, and subunit interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 268:24481-24490.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 24481-24490
    • Peng, H.1    Marians, K.J.2
  • 39
    • 0027171678 scopus 로고
    • Decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro
    • Peng, H., and K. J. Marians. 1993. Decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8571-8575.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 8571-8575
    • Peng, H.1    Marians, K.J.2
  • 40
    • 0027448839 scopus 로고
    • GyrA sequence analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains selected, in vitro, for high-level ciprofloxacin resistance
    • Peterson, L. R., K. E. Willard, L. M. Sinn, C. E. Fasching, and D. N. Gerding. 1993. GyrA sequence analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains selected, in vitro, for high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:97-101.
    • (1993) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 97-101
    • Peterson, L.R.1    Willard, K.E.2    Sinn, L.M.3    Fasching, C.E.4    Gerding, D.N.5
  • 43
    • 0027489494 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of plasmid complementation test for determination of quinolone resistance due to changes in the gyrase A protein and identification of conditional quinolone resistance locus
    • Soussy, C. J., J. S. Wolfson, E. Y. Ng, and D. C. Hooper. 1993. Limitations of plasmid complementation test for determination of quinolone resistance due to changes in the gyrase A protein and identification of conditional quinolone resistance locus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2588-2592.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 2588-2592
    • Soussy, C.J.1    Wolfson, J.S.2    Ng, E.Y.3    Hooper, D.C.4
  • 44
    • 0025633157 scopus 로고
    • DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: Close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli
    • Sreedharan, S., M. Oram, B. Jensen, L. R. Peterson, and L. M. Fisher. 1990. DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 172:7260-7262.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 7260-7262
    • Sreedharan, S.1    Oram, M.2    Jensen, B.3    Peterson, L.R.4    Fisher, L.M.5
  • 45
    • 0025949576 scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin resistance in coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci: Role of mutations at serine 84 in the DNA gyrase A protein of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
    • Sreedharan, S., L. R. Peterson, and L. M. Fisher. 1991. Ciprofloxacin resistance in coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci: role of mutations at serine 84 in the DNA gyrase A protein of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:2151-2154.
    • (1991) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.35 , pp. 2151-2154
    • Sreedharan, S.1    Peterson, L.R.2    Fisher, L.M.3
  • 46
    • 0020537509 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of protoplast fusion-derived linkages in Staphylococcus aureus by transformation with protoplast DNA
    • Stahl, M. L., and P. A. Pattee. 1983. Confirmation of protoplast fusion-derived linkages in Staphylococcus aureus by transformation with protoplast DNA. J. Bacteriol. 154:406-412.
    • (1983) J. Bacteriol. , vol.154 , pp. 406-412
    • Stahl, M.L.1    Pattee, P.A.2
  • 47
    • 0018880839 scopus 로고
    • Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase
    • Sugino, A., and K. F. Bott. 1980. Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase. J. Bacteriol. 141:1331-1339.
    • (1980) J. Bacteriol. , vol.141 , pp. 1331-1339
    • Sugino, A.1    Bott, K.F.2
  • 49
    • 0001534829 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of nalidixic acid: Purification of Escherichia coli nalA gene product and its relationship to DNA gyrase and a novel nicking-closing enzyme
    • Sugino, A., C. L. Peebles, K. N. Kreuzer, and N. R. Cozzarelli. 1977. Mechanism of action of nalidixic acid: purification of Escherichia coli nalA gene product and its relationship to DNA gyrase and a novel nicking-closing enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:4767-4771.
    • (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.74 , pp. 4767-4771
    • Sugino, A.1    Peebles, C.L.2    Kreuzer, K.N.3    Cozzarelli, N.R.4
  • 50
    • 0027070672 scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolones: Relationships between structural variations, mammalian cell cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity
    • Suto, M. J., J. M. Domagala, G. E. Roland, G. B. Mailloux, and M. A. Cohen. 1992. Fluoroquinolones: relationships between structural variations, mammalian cell cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. J. Med. Chem. 35:4745-4750.
    • (1992) J. Med. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 4745-4750
    • Suto, M.J.1    Domagala, J.M.2    Roland, G.E.3    Mailloux, G.B.4    Cohen, M.A.5
  • 51
    • 0026062361 scopus 로고
    • Emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones in staphylococci: An alert
    • Trucksis, M., D. C. Hooper, and J. S. Wolfson. 1991. Emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones in staphylococci: an alert. Ann. Intern. Med. 114:424-426.
    • (1991) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.114 , pp. 424-426
    • Trucksis, M.1    Hooper, D.C.2    Wolfson, J.S.3
  • 52
    • 0025998454 scopus 로고
    • A novel locus conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Trucksis, M., J. S. Wolfson, and D. C. Hooper. 1991. A novel locus conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 173: 5854-5860.
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 5854-5860
    • Trucksis, M.1    Wolfson, J.S.2    Hooper, D.C.3
  • 53
    • 0019332581 scopus 로고
    • Covalent bonds between protein and DNA. Formation of phosphotyrosine linkage between certain DNA topoisomerases and DNA
    • Tse, Y. C., K. Kirkegaard, and J. C. Wang. 1980. Covalent bonds between protein and DNA. Formation of phosphotyrosine linkage between certain DNA topoisomerases and DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 255:5560-5565.
    • (1980) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.255 , pp. 5560-5565
    • Tse, Y.C.1    Kirkegaard, K.2    Wang, J.C.3
  • 54
    • 0021891888 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases
    • Wang, J. C. 1985. DNA topoisomerases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54:665-697.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.54 , pp. 665-697
    • Wang, J.C.1
  • 55
    • 0023225704 scopus 로고
    • Recent studies of DNA topoisomerases
    • Wang, J. C. 1987. Recent studies of DNA topoisomerases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 909:1-9.
    • (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.909 , pp. 1-9
    • Wang, J.C.1
  • 56
    • 0027524110 scopus 로고
    • A single point mutation in the DNA gyrase A protein greatly reduces binding of fluoroquinolones to the gyrase-DNA complex
    • Willmott, C. J., and A. Maxwell. 1993. A single point mutation in the DNA gyrase A protein greatly reduces binding of fluoroquinolones to the gyrase-DNA complex. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:126-127.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 126-127
    • Willmott, C.J.1    Maxwell, A.2
  • 57
    • 0019780123 scopus 로고
    • New nalidixic acid resistance mutations related to deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity
    • Yamagishi, J., Y. Furutani, S. Inoue, T. Ohue, S. Nakamura, and M. Shimizu. 1981. New nalidixic acid resistance mutations related to deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity. J. Bacteriol. 148:450-458.
    • (1981) J. Bacteriol. , vol.148 , pp. 450-458
    • Yamagishi, J.1    Furutani, Y.2    Inoue, S.3    Ohue, T.4    Nakamura, S.5    Shimizu, M.6
  • 58
    • 0025282176 scopus 로고
    • Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli
    • Yoshida, H., M. Bogaki, M. Nakamura, and S. Nakamura. 1990. Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:1271-1272.
    • (1990) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.34 , pp. 1271-1272
    • Yoshida, H.1    Bogaki, M.2    Nakamura, M.3    Nakamura, S.4
  • 60
    • 0025688065 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus norA gene, which confers resistance to quinolones
    • Yoshida, H., M. Bogaki, S. Nakamura, K. Ubukata, and M. Konno. 1990. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus norA gene, which confers resistance to quinolones. J. Bacteriol. 172:6942-6949.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 6942-6949
    • Yoshida, H.1    Bogaki, M.2    Nakamura, S.3    Ubukata, K.4    Konno, M.5
  • 61
    • 0025330668 scopus 로고
    • Proportion of DNA gyrase mutants among quinolone-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Yoshida, H., M. Nakamura, M. Bogaki, and S. Nakamura. 1990. Proportion of DNA gyrase mutants among quinolone-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:1273-1275.
    • (1990) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.34 , pp. 1273-1275
    • Yoshida, H.1    Nakamura, M.2    Bogaki, M.3    Nakamura, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.