My role in the discovery and classification of the enteroviruses

Annual Review of Microbiology

Volumn 50, Issue , 1996, Pages 1-24

  Melnick, Joseph L ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

coxsackievirus; echovirus; picornavirus; poliovirus

Indexed keywords

ENTEROVIRUS; EPIDEMIC; INFECTION RISK; NONHUMAN; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS ISOLATION;

ANIMALS; AUTOBIOGRAPHY; ENTEROVIRUS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; PORTRAITS; VIROLOGY;

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; COXSACKIEVIRUS; ECHOVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS; PICORNAVIRIDAE; POLIOVIRUS;

EID: 0029823911     PISSN: 00664227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Abzug MJ, Keyserling HL, Lee ML, Levin MJ, Rotbart HA. 1995. Neonatal enterovirus infection: virology. Serology and effects of intravenous immune globulin. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:1201-6
2. Armstrong, C. 1939. Successful transfer of the Lansing strain of polio virus from the cotton rat to the white mouse. Public Health Rep. 54:2302-5
3. Benton WH, Ward RL. 1982. Induction of cytopathogenicity in mammalian cell lines challenged with culturable enteric viruses and its enhancement by 5-iododeoxyuridine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:861-68
4. Blattner RJ, Williamson AP, Heys FM. 1973. Role of viruses in the etiology of congenital malformations. Prog. Med. Virol. 15:1-41
5. Blomberg J, Lycke E, Ahlfors K, Johnsson T, Wolontis S, von Zeipel G. 1974. New enterovirus type associated with epidemic of aseptic meningitis and/or hand, foot, and mouth disease. Lancet 2:112
6. Bodian D, Horstmann DM. Polioviruses. 1965. In Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, ed. FL Horsfall Jr, I Tamm, pp. 430-73, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 4th ed.
7. Bodian D. 1952. Pathogenesis of poliomyelitis in normal and passively immunized primates after virus feeding. Fed. Proc. 11:462
8. Brown F, Talbot P, Burrows R. 1973. Antigenic differences between isolates of swine vesicular disease virus and their relationship to coxsackie B5 virus. Nature 245:315-16
9. Brown F, Wild F. 1974. Variation in the coxsackievirus type B5 and its possible role in the etiology of swine vesicular disease. Intervirology 3:125-28
10. Cellular Biology, Nucleic Acids, and Virus. 1957. Special Publications, NY Acad. Science
11. Cherry JD. 1981. Nonpolio enteroviruses: noxsackieviruses, echoviruses and enteroviruses. In Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, ed. RD Feigin, JD Cherry, pp. 1316-65. Philadelphia: Saunders
12. Committee on the ECHO Viruses, National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. 1955. Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan (ECHO) viruses. Science 122:1187-88
13. Committee on the Enteroviruses. 1957. Am. J. Pub. Health. 47:1556-66
14. Contreras G, Barnett VH, Melnick JL. 1952. Identification of coxsackie viruses by municipal methods and their classification into 16 antigenically distinct types. J. Immunol. 69:395-414
15. Cooney MK, Hall CE, Fox JP. 1972. The Seattle Virus Watch. III. Evaluation of isolation methods and summary of infections detected by virus isolations. Am. J. Epidemiol. 96:286-305
16. Craighead JE. 1975. The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease and diabetes mellitus. Prog. Med. Virol 19:161-214.
17. Dahling DR, Berg G, Berman D. 1974. BGM, a continuous cell line more sensitive than primary rhesus and African green monkey kidney cells for the recovery of viruses from water. Health Lab. Sci. 11:275-282
18. Dalldorf G, Melnick JL, Curnen EC. 1959. The Coxsackie Virus Group. In Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, ed. TM Rivers, F Horsfall, pp. 519-46. Philadelphia: Lippincott
19. Dalldorf G, Melnick JL. 1965. Coxsackieviruses. In Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, ed. Horsfall FL Jr, Tamm I, pp. 474-512. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 4th ed.
20. Dalldorf G, Sickles GM. 1948. An unidentified filterable agent isolated from the feces of children with paralysis. Science 108:61-62
21. Dalldorf G. 1957. Neuropathogenicity of group A coxsackieviruses. J. Exp. Med. 106:69-76
22. Emini EA, Jameson BA, Wimmer E. 1983. Priming for and induction of antipoliovirus neutralizing antibodies by synthetic peptides. Nature 304:699-703
23. Enders JF, WellerTH, Robbins FC. 1949. Cultivation of the Lansing strain of polio virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissue. Science 109:85
24. Flexner S, Lewis PA. 1910. Experimental poliomyelitis in monkeys; active immunization and passive serum protection. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 54:1780
25. Furesz J, Armstrong RE, Contreras G. 1978. Viral and epidemiological links between poliomyelitis outbreaks in unprotected communities in Canada and the Netherlands. Lancet 2:1248
26. Gear JHS, Measroch V. 1973. Coxsackievirus infections of the newborn. Prog. Med. Virol. 15:42-62
27. Godman GC, Bunting H, Melnick JL. 1952. The histopathology of coxsackie virus infection in mice. I. Morphologic observations with four different viral types. Am. J. Pathol. 28:223-57
28. Goldfield MS, Srihongse S, Fox JP. 1957. Hemagglutinins associated with certain human enteric viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 96:788-91
29. Graves JH. 1973. Serological relationship of swine vesicular disease virus and coxsackie B5 virus. Nature 245:314-15
30. Hammon WM, Coriell LI, Stokes J Jr. 1952. Evaluation of Red Cross gamma globulin as a prophylactic agent for poliomyelitis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 150:139
31. Harris TJR, Brown F. 1975. Correlation of polypeptide composition with antigenic variation in the swine vesicular disease and coxsackie B5 viruses. Nature 258:758-60
32. Hasegawa A, Inouye S. 1983. Production in guinea pigs of antibodies to cross-reactive antigenic determinants of human enteroviruses. J. Clin. Microbiol. 17:458-62
33. Hierholzer JC, Bingham PG, Coombs RA, Stone YO, Hatch MH. 1984. Quantitation of enterovirus-70 antibody by microneutralization test and comparison with standard neutralization, hemagglutination-inhibition, and complement-fixation tests with different virus strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:826-30
34. Hollinger FB, Andre FE, Melnick JL, eds. 1992. International symposium on active immunization against hepatitis A. Vaccine 10:S1-S174
35. Horstmann DM. 1952. Polio virus in the blood of orally infected monkeys and chimpanzees. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 79:417
36. Howe H, Bodian D. 1942. Neural Mechanisms in Poliomyelitis. New York: Commonwealth Fund
37. Itoh H, Melnick JL. 1957. The infection of chimpanzees with ECHO viruses. J. Exp. Med. 106:677-88
38. Jackson GG, Muldoon RL. 1973. Viruses causing common respiratory infections in man. J Infect. Dis. 127:328-408
39. John TJ, Christopher S, Abraham J. 1981. Neurological manifestation of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70. Lancet 2:1283-84
40. Johnson VH, Semler BL. 1988. Defined recombinants of poliovirus and coxsackievirus: Sequence-specific deletions and functional substitutions in the 5 pr-noncoding regions of viral RNAs. Virology 162:47-57
41. Kandolf R, Ameis D, Kirschner P, Canu A, Hofschneider PH. 1987. In situ detection of enteroviral genomes in myocardial cells by nucleic acid hybridization: An approach to the diagnosis of viral heart disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:6272-76
42. Kapsenberg JG, Ras A, Korte J. 1979. Improvement of enterovirus neutralization by treatment with sodium deoxycholate or chloroform. Intervirology 12:329-34
43. Katz M, Plotkin SA. 1967. Minimal infective dose of attenuated poliovirus for man. Am. J. Public Health. 57:1837-40
44. Kibrick S. 1964. Current status of coxsackie and ECHO viruses in human disease. Prog. Med. Virol. 6:27-70
45. Kjellaaen L, von Zeipel G. 1984. Influence of host cells on the infectivity and neutralizability of echovirus type 4 (Pesascek). Intervirology 22:32-40
46. Koprowski H, Jervis G, Norton T. 1952. Immune responses in human volunteers upon oral administration of a rodent-adapted strain of poliovirus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55:108-26
47. Landsteiner K, Levaditi D. 1909. La paralysie infantile experimental. C. R. Soc. Biol. 67:787-90
48. Landsteiner K, Popper E. 1908. Mikroscopische Preparate von einen menschlichen und zwei Affenmeuckenmarken. Wien Klin. Wscgr. 21:1830
49. Lansdown ABG. 1978. Viral infections and diseases of the heart. Prog. Med. Virol. 24:70-113
50. Ledinko N, Riordan JT, Melnick JL. 1952. Multiplication of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue cultures of monkey testes. I. Growth curves of type 1 (Brunhilde) and type 2 (Lansing) strains and description of a quantitative neutralization test. Am. J. Hyg. 55:323-38
51. Lerner AM, Wilson FM. 1973. Virus myocardiopathy. Prog. Med. Virol. 15:63-91
52. Lim KA, Benyesh, Melnick M. 1960. Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools: application to typing of enteroviruses (coxsackie and echo). J. Immunol. 84:309-17
53. Mapoles JE, Krah DL, Crowell RL. 1985. Purification of a HeLa cell receptor protein for group B coxsackieviruses. J. Virol. 55:560-66
54. 2-stabilized oral poliovaccine. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 185:406-08
55. Melnick JL, Clarke NA, Kraft LM. 1950. Immunological reactions of the coxsackie viruses. III. Cross-protection tests in infant mice born of vaccinated mothers. Transfer of immunity through the milk. J. Exp. Med. 92:499-505
56. Melnick JL, Dow RP. 1953. Poliomyelitis in Hidalgo County, Texas, 1948:. Poliomyelitis and coxsackie viruses from flies. Am. J. Hyg. 58:288-309
57. Melnick JL, Kaplan AS. 1953. Quantitative studies of the virus-host relationship in chimpanzees after inapparent infection with coxsackie viruses. I. The virus carrier state and the development of neutralizing antibodies. J Exp. Med. 97:367-400
58. Melnick JL, Ledinko N. 1953. Development of neutralizing antibodies against the three types of poliomyelitis virus during an epidemic period. The ratio of inapparent infection to clinical poliomyelitis. Am. J. Hyg. 58:207-22
59. Melnick JL, Penner LR. 1952. The survival of poliomyelitis and coxsackie viruses following their ingestion by flies. J. Exp. Med. 96:255-71
60. Melnick JL, Proctor RO, Ocampo AR, Diwan AR, Ben-Porath E. 1966. Free and bound virus in serum after administration of oral poliovirus vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol. 84:329-42
61. Melnick JL, Rennick V, Hampil B, Schmidt NJ, Ho HH. 1973. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: Preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 42 enteroviruses. Bull. W.H.O. 48:263-68
62. Melnick JL, Schmidt NJ, Mirkovic RR, Chumakov MP, Lavrova IK, Voroshilova MK. 1979. Identification of Bulgarian strain 258 of enterovirus 71. Intervirology 12:297-302
63. Melnick JL, Shaw EW, Curnen EC. 1949. A virus isolated from patients diagnosed as non-paralytic poliomyelitis or aseptic meningitis. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 71:344-49
64. Melnick JL, Wenner HA, Phillips CA. 1979. Enteroviruses. In Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections, ed. EH Lennette EH, NJ Schmidt, pp. 471-534. Washington DC: Am. Public Health Assoc. 5th ed.
65. Melnick JL. 1954. Attentuation of poliomyelitis viruses on passage through tissue culture. Fed. Proc. 13:505
66. Melnick JL. 1990. Enteroviruses. In Fields Virology, pp. 549-605. 2nd ed.
67. Melnick JL. 1947. Polio virus in urban sewage in epidemic and non-epidemic times. Am. J. Hyg. 45:240-53
68. Melnick JL. 1943. The ultracentrifuge as an aid in the detection of poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 77:195-204
69. Melnick JL. 1957. ECHO viruses. In Cellular Biology, Nucleic Acids, and Viruses. New York: Special Publications of the New York Acad. Sci., 5:365-81
70. Melnick JL. 1983. Portraits of viruses: the picornaviruses. Intervimlogy 20:61-100
71. Miller DA, Miller OJ, Vaithilingham GD, et al. 1974. Human chromosome 19 carries a poliovirus receptor gene. Cell 1:167-73
72. Minor P. 1991. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. In Arch. Virol. (Suppl. 2), pp. 320-26
73. Minor PD, Pipkin PA, Hockley D, Schild GC, Almond JW. 1984. Monoclonal antibodies which block cellular receptors of poliovirus. Virus Res. 1:203-12
74. Minor TB, Allen CI, Tsiatis AA, Nelson DB, D'Alessi DJ. 1981. Human infective dose determinations for oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine in infants. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13:388-89
75. Notkins AL. 1977. Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. Arch. Virol. 54:1-17
76. Parks WP, Queiroga LT, Melnick JL. 1967. Studies of infantile diarrhea in Karachi, Pakistan. II. Multiple virus isolations from rectal swabs. Am. J. Epidemiol. 85:469-78
77. Paul JR, Melnick JL, Barnett VH, Goldblum N. 1952. A survey of neutralizing antibodies in Cairo, Egypt. Am. J. Hyg. 55:402-13
78. Paul JR, Melnick JL, Riordan JT. 1952. Comparative neutralizing antibody patterns to Lansing (type 2) poliomyelitis virus in different populations. Am. J. Hyg. 56:232-51
79. Paul JR, Riordan JT, Melnick JL. 1951. Antibodies to three different antigenic types of poliomyelitis virus in sera from North Alaskan Eskimos. Am. J. Hyg. 54:275-85
80. Paul JR, Trask JD. 1932. The detection of poliovirus in so-called abortive types of the disease. J. Exp. Med. 56:319-43
81. Paul JR. 1971. A History of Poliomyelitis. New Haven:Yale Univ. Press
82. Penner LR, Melnick JL. 1952. Methods for following the fate of infectious agents fed to single flies. J. Exp. Med. 96:273-80
83. Prabhakar BS, Haspel MV, McClintock PR, Notkins AL. 1982. High frequency of antigenic variants among naturally occurring human coxsackie B4 virus isolates identified by monoclonal antibodies. Nature 300:374-76
84. Purcell RH. 1993. The discovery of the hepatitis viruses. Gastroenterology 104:955-63
85. Reissig M, Howes DW, Melnick JL. 1956. Sequence of morphological changes in epithelial cell cultures infected with poliovirus. J. Exp. Med. 104:289-304
86. Riordan JT, Ledinko N, Melnick JL. 1952. Multiplication of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue cultures of monkey testes. II. Direct isolation and typing of strains from human stools and spinal cords in roller tubes. Am. J. Hyg. 55:339-46
87. Rosen L, Kern JK. 1961. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with coxsackie B viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107:626-28
88. Rotbart, HA. ed. 1995. Human Enterovirus Infections. Washington: ASM. pp. 445
89. Rueckert PR. 1990. Picornaviridae and their replication. In Fields Virology, pp. 507-48. 2nd ed.
90. Sabin AB, Olitsky PK. 1936. Cultivation of poliovirus in vitro in human embryonic nervous tissue. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 34:357-59
91. Sabin AB, Olitsky PK. 1936. Influence of pathway of infection on pathology of olfactory bulbs in experimental poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 35:300-301
92. Sabin AB, Ward R. 1941. The natural history of human poliomyelitis. Distribution of virus in nervous and non-nervous tissues. J. Exp. Med. 73:771
93. Sabin AB. 1955. Behavior of chimpanzee-avirulent polioviruses in experimentally infected human volunteers. Am. J. Med. Sci. 230:1-8
94. Salk JE. 1953. Recent studies in immunization against poliomyelitis. Pediatrics 12:471-82
95. Schiff GM, Stefanovic GM, Young EC, Sander DS, Pennekamp JK, Ward RL. 1984. Studies of echovirus-12 in volunteers: determination of minimal infectious dose and the effect of previous infection on infectious dose. J. Infect. Dis. 150:858-66
96. Schmidt NJ, Lennette EH, Ho HH. 1974. An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system. J. Infect. Dis. 129:304-09
97. Trask JD, Paul JR, Melnick JL. 1943. The detection of poliomyelitis virus in flies collected during epidemics of poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 77:531-44
98. Van der Marel P, Hazendonk TG, Van Wezel AL. 1981. D-antigen determination in poliovaccine production: comparison of gel diffusion and ELISA methods. Dev. Biol. Stand. 47:101-08
99. van Wezel AL, Hazendonk AG. 1979. Intratypic serodifferentiation of poliomyelitis virus strains by strain-specific antisera. Intervirology 11:2-8
100. Von Magnus H, Gear JHS, Paul JR. 1955. A recent definition of poliovirus. Virology 1:185-89
101. Von Magnus H, Melnick JL. 1948. Antibody response in monkeys following oral administration of polio virus. J Immunol. 60:583-96
102. Voroshilova MK, Chumakov MP. 1959. Poliomyelitis-like properties of AB-IV-coxsackie A7 group of viruses. Prog. Med. Virol. 2:106-70
103. Wallis C, Melnick JL. 1967. Virus aggregation as the cause of the non-neutralizable persistent fraction. J. Virol. 1:478-88
104. Ward R, Melnick JL, Horstmann DM. 1945. Poliomyelitis virus in fly-contaminated food collected at an epidemic. Science 101:491-93
105. Wenner HA. 1962. The ECHO viruses. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 101:398-412
106. Wenner HA. 1973. Virus diseases associated with cutaneous eruptions. Prog. Med. Virol. 16:269-36
107. Wilson T, Papahadjopoulos D, Taber R. 1977. Biological properties of poliovirus encapsulated in lipid vesicles: Antibody resistance and infectivity in virus-resistant cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 74:3471-75
108. Woodruff JF. 1980. Viral myocarditis: A review. Am. J. Pathol 101:427-78
109. World Health Organization. 1979. Poliomyelitis in 1978. Weekly Epidemiol. Rec. 54:361-68
110. Young DC, Sharp DG. 1979. Partial reactivation of chlorine-treated echovirus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:766-73
111. Youngner JS, Ward EN, Salk JE. 1952. Studies on poliomyelitis viruses in cultures of monkey testicular tissue. Am. J. Hyg. 55:291-300
112. Yousef GE, Smith DG, Mann GF, Bell EJ, Murugesa V, et al. 1988. Chronic enterovirus infection in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1:146-50