메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 682-695

Pharmacotherapy of Raynaud's phenomenon

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DILTIAZEM; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID; INOSITOL NICOTINATE; NAFTIDROFURYL; NIFEDIPINE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PROSTAGLANDIN DERIVATIVE; VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENT; VASODILATOR AGENT;

EID: 0029823375     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199652050-00006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (64)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0017148419 scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of Raynaud's syndrome
    • Porter JM, Bardona EJ, Baur GM, et al. The clinical significance of Raynaud's syndrome. Surgery 1976; 80: 756-64
    • (1976) Surgery , vol.80 , pp. 756-764
    • Porter, J.M.1    Bardona, E.J.2    Baur, G.M.3
  • 2
    • 0022504927 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the general population
    • Maricq HR, Weinrich MC, Keil JE, et al. Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in the general population. J Chronic Dis 1986; 39: 423-7
    • (1986) J Chronic Dis , vol.39 , pp. 423-427
    • Maricq, H.R.1    Weinrich, M.C.2    Keil, J.E.3
  • 3
    • 0018215450 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomena in young females
    • Olsen N, Neilsen SL. Prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomena in young females. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978; 37: 761-4
    • (1978) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.37 , pp. 761-764
    • Olsen, N.1    Neilsen, S.L.2
  • 4
    • 0344659255 scopus 로고
    • Associated disease in patients with Raynaud's syndrome
    • Edwards JM, Porter JM. Associated disease in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Vasc Med Rev 1990; 1: 51-8
    • (1990) Vasc Med Rev , vol.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Edwards, J.M.1    Porter, J.M.2
  • 5
    • 0025325975 scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of cigarette smoking on cutaneous blood flow in smoking and non-smoking subjects with and without Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Goodfield MJD, Hume A, Rowell, NR. The acute effects of cigarette smoking on cutaneous blood flow in smoking and non-smoking subjects with and without Raynaud's phenomenon. Br J Rheumatol 1990; 29: 89-91
    • (1990) Br J Rheumatol , vol.29 , pp. 89-91
    • Goodfield, M.J.D.1    Hume, A.2    Rowell, N.R.3
  • 6
    • 0024159404 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological survey of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • de Trafford JC, Lafferty K, Potter CE, et al. An epidemiological survey of Raynaud's phenomenon. Eur J Vasc Surg 1988; 2 (3): 167-70
    • (1988) Eur J Vasc Surg , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-170
    • De Trafford, J.C.1    Lafferty, K.2    Potter, C.E.3
  • 7
    • 0024205877 scopus 로고
    • Decreased oesophageal blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Belch JJF, Land D, Park RHR, et al. Decreased oesophageal blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Br J Rheumatol 1988; 27: 426-30
    • (1988) Br J Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 426-430
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Land, D.2    Park, R.H.R.3
  • 8
    • 0019455143 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of patients with Raynaud's syndrome
    • Porter JM, Rivers SP, Anderson CJ, et al. Evaluation and management of patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Am J Surg 1987; 142: 183-9
    • (1987) Am J Surg , vol.142 , pp. 183-189
    • Porter, J.M.1    Rivers, S.P.2    Anderson, C.J.3
  • 9
    • 0000129488 scopus 로고
    • Raynaud's disease: A critical review of minimal requisites for diagnosis
    • Allen EV, Brown GE. Raynaud's disease: a critical review of minimal requisites for diagnosis. Am J Med Sci 1932; 183: 187-200
    • (1932) Am J Med Sci , vol.183 , pp. 187-200
    • Allen, E.V.1    Brown, G.E.2
  • 10
    • 0023765960 scopus 로고
    • Development of connective tissue disease in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon: A six year follow up with emphasis on the predictive value of antinuclear antibodies as detected by immunoblotting
    • Kallenberg CGM, Wouda AA, Hoet MA, et al. Development of connective tissue disease in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon: a six year follow up with emphasis on the predictive value of antinuclear antibodies as detected by immunoblotting. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47: 634-41
    • (1988) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.47 , pp. 634-641
    • Kallenberg, C.G.M.1    Wouda, A.A.2    Hoet, M.A.3
  • 11
    • 0019159619 scopus 로고
    • Systemic involvement and immunological findings in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Kallenberg CG, Wouda AA, Hoel MH. Systemic involvement and immunological findings in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med 1980; 69: 675-80
    • (1980) Am J Med , vol.69 , pp. 675-680
    • Kallenberg, C.G.1    Wouda, A.A.2    Hoel, M.H.3
  • 12
    • 0017311968 scopus 로고
    • Capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers in examinations by in vivo microscopy
    • Maricq HR, Johnson MN, Whetstone CC. Capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers in examinations by in vivo microscopy. JAMA 1976; 236: 1368-71
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.236 , pp. 1368-1371
    • Maricq, H.R.1    Johnson, M.N.2    Whetstone, C.C.3
  • 13
    • 0011370958 scopus 로고
    • The hand-arm vibration syndrome: Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin
    • Taylor W. The hand-arm vibration syndrome: secondary Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. Proc R Coll Phys Edinb 1989; 19: 7-14
    • (1989) Proc R Coll Phys Edinb , vol.19 , pp. 7-14
    • Taylor, W.1
  • 14
    • 10544230684 scopus 로고
    • Raynaud's disease and preganglionic sympathectomy
    • Lewis T. Raynaud's disease and preganglionic sympathectomy. Clin Sci 1938; 3: 320-36
    • (1938) Clin Sci , vol.3 , pp. 320-336
    • Lewis, T.1
  • 15
    • 0024543042 scopus 로고
    • Increased alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in idiopathic Raynaud's disease
    • Freedman RR, Sabharal SC, Desai N. Increased alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in idiopathic Raynaud's disease. Arth Rheum 1989; 32 (1): 61-5
    • (1989) Arth Rheum , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-65
    • Freedman, R.R.1    Sabharal, S.C.2    Desai, N.3
  • 16
    • 0024362275 scopus 로고
    • The importance of presynaptic beta receptors in Raynaud's disease
    • Brotzu G, Falchi S, Mannu B, et al. The importance of presynaptic beta receptors in Raynaud's disease. J Vasc Surg 1989; 9 (6): 767-71
    • (1989) J Vasc Surg , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 767-771
    • Brotzu, G.1    Falchi, S.2    Mannu, B.3
  • 17
    • 0023880747 scopus 로고
    • Apparent finger systolic pressures during cooling in patients with Raynaud's syndrome
    • Carter SA, Dean E, Kroeger EA. Apparent finger systolic pressures during cooling in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Circulation 1988; 77 (5): 988-96
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 988-996
    • Carter, S.A.1    Dean, E.2    Kroeger, E.A.3
  • 18
    • 0026575126 scopus 로고
    • White cell activation in the Raynaud's phenomenon of systemic sclerosis and vibration induced white finger syndrome
    • Lau C, O'Dowd A, Belch JJF. White cell activation in the Raynaud's phenomenon of systemic sclerosis and vibration induced white finger syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 1 (2): 249-52
    • (1992) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-252
    • Lau, C.1    O'Dowd, A.2    Belch, J.J.F.3
  • 19
    • 0023098341 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal biochemical and cellular parameters in the blood of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Belch JJF, Drury J, McLaughlin K, et al. Abnormal biochemical and cellular parameters in the blood of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Scott Med J 1987; 32 (1): 12-4
    • (1987) Scott Med J , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-14
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Drury, J.2    McLaughlin, K.3
  • 20
    • 0023078175 scopus 로고
    • Vascular damage and factor VIII related antigen in the rheumatic diseases
    • Belch JJF, Zoma AA, Richards IM, et al. Vascular damage and factor VIII related antigen in the rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 1987; 7: 107-11
    • (1987) Rheumatol Int , vol.7 , pp. 107-111
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Zoma, A.A.2    Richards, I.M.3
  • 21
    • 0021929015 scopus 로고
    • Increased prostacyclin metabolites and decreased red cell deformability in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's syndrome
    • Jan
    • Belch JF, McLaren M, Anderson J, et al. Increased prostacyclin metabolites and decreased red cell deformability in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1985 Jan; 17: 1-9
    • (1985) Prostaglandins Leukot Med , vol.17 , pp. 1-9
    • Belch, J.F.1    McLaren, M.2    Anderson, J.3
  • 22
    • 0022179402 scopus 로고
    • Platelet sensitivity to a prostacyclin analogue in systemic sclerosis
    • Belch JJF, O'Dowd A, Forbes CF, et al. Platelet sensitivity to a prostacyclin analogue in systemic sclerosis. Br J Rheumatol 1986; 24: 346-50
    • (1986) Br J Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 346-350
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    O'Dowd, A.2    Forbes, C.F.3
  • 23
    • 0025000706 scopus 로고
    • Serum endothelin-1 concentrations and cold provocation in primary Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Zamora MR, O'Brien RF, Rutherford RB, et al. Serum endothelin-1 concentrations and cold provocation in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Lancet 1990; 336: 1144-7
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1144-1147
    • Zamora, M.R.1    O'Brien, R.F.2    Rutherford, R.B.3
  • 24
    • 0023757129 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lymphotoxin and tissue necrosis factor on endothelial and connective cell growth and function
    • Kahaleh MB, Smith EA, Soma Y, et al. Effect of lymphotoxin and tissue necrosis factor on endothelial and connective cell growth and function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988; 49: 261-72
    • (1988) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.49 , pp. 261-272
    • Kahaleh, M.B.1    Smith, E.A.2    Soma, Y.3
  • 25
    • 0024323330 scopus 로고
    • A strategy for determining the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: Is transforming growth factor-beta the answer?
    • LeRoy EC, Smith EA, Kahaleh MB, et al. A strategy for determining the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: is transforming growth factor-beta the answer? Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 817-25
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.32 , pp. 817-825
    • Leroy, E.C.1    Smith, E.A.2    Kahaleh, M.B.3
  • 26
    • 0021917427 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon - Evidence for inhibition of platelet activation
    • Malamet R, Wise RA, Ettinger WH. Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon - evidence for inhibition of platelet activation. Am J Med 1985; 78 (4): 602-8
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 602-608
    • Malamet, R.1    Wise, R.A.2    Ettinger, W.H.3
  • 27
    • 0020466653 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Dec 11
    • Smith CD, McKendry JR. Controlled trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Lancet 1982 Dec 11; 11: 1299-301
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.11 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Smith, C.D.1    McKendry, J.R.2
  • 28
    • 0020957847 scopus 로고
    • Controlled double-blind trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Roddeheffer RJ, Rommer JA, Wigley F, et al. Controlled double-blind trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 880-3
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.308 , pp. 880-883
    • Roddeheffer, R.J.1    Rommer, J.A.2    Wigley, F.3
  • 29
    • 0021269427 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine on Raynaud's phenomenon: A controlled double blind trial
    • Sauza J, Kraus A, Gonzalez-Amaro R, et al. Effect of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine on Raynaud's phenomenon: a controlled double blind trial. J Rheumat 1984; 11 (3): 362-3
    • (1984) J Rheumat , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-363
    • Sauza, J.1    Kraus, A.2    Gonzalez-Amaro, R.3
  • 30
    • 0020570468 scopus 로고
    • Calcium entry blocking agents in digital vasospasm (Raynaud's phenomenon)
    • Kahan A, Weber S, Amor B, et al. Calcium entry blocking agents in digital vasospasm (Raynaud's phenomenon). Eur Heart J 1983; 4 Suppl. C: 123-9
    • (1983) Eur Heart J , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. C , pp. 123-129
    • Kahan, A.1    Weber, S.2    Amor, B.3
  • 31
    • 0024148984 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind cross-over study of nifedipine retard in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Finch MB, Copeland S, Passmore AP, et al. A double-blind cross-over study of nifedipine retard in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Clin Rheumatol 1988, 7 (3): 359-65
    • (1988) Clin Rheumatol , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-365
    • Finch, M.B.1    Copeland, S.2    Passmore, A.P.3
  • 32
    • 0022498638 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and rheological effects of nifedipine in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Waller DG, Challenor VF, Francis DA, et al. Clinical and rheological effects of nifedipine in Raynaud's phenomenon. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22: 449-54
    • (1986) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 449-454
    • Waller, D.G.1    Challenor, V.F.2    Francis, D.A.3
  • 33
    • 0021959733 scopus 로고
    • A randomised double-blind trial of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Kahan A, Amor B, Menkes CJ. A randomised double-blind trial of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44(1): 30-3
    • (1985) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-33
    • Kahan, A.1    Amor, B.2    Menkes, C.J.3
  • 34
    • 0024359122 scopus 로고
    • The effect of isradipine, a new calcium-channel antagonist, in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon: A single-blind dose-response study
    • Leppert J, Jonasson T, Nilsson H. The effect of isradipine, a new calcium-channel antagonist, in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a single-blind dose-response study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1989; 3 (3): 397-401
    • (1989) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-401
    • Leppert, J.1    Jonasson, T.2    Nilsson, H.3
  • 35
    • 0027192844 scopus 로고
    • Amlodipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Cook NJ, Armstrong RD, Roper SMB, et al. Amlodipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32 (6): 524-5
    • (1993) Br J Rheumatol , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 524-525
    • Cook, N.J.1    Armstrong, R.D.2    Roper, S.M.B.3
  • 36
    • 0020062994 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with verapamil
    • Kinney EL, Nicholas GG, Gallo J, et al. The treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with verapamil. J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 22: 74-6
    • (1982) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 74-76
    • Kinney, E.L.1    Nicholas, G.G.2    Gallo, J.3
  • 37
    • 0023243141 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of predictable Raynaud's phenomenon by sublingual nifedipine
    • Miller FW, Love LA. Prevention of predictable Raynaud's phenomenon by sublingual nifedipine. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1476
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 1476
    • Miller, F.W.1    Love, L.A.2
  • 38
    • 0021922352 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with calcium channel blockers
    • Smith CR, Rodeheffer RJ. Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with calcium channel blockers. Am J Med 1985; 78 Suppl. 2B: 39-42
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.78 , Issue.SUPPL. 2B , pp. 39-42
    • Smith, C.R.1    Rodeheffer, R.J.2
  • 39
    • 0027358973 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind clinical evaluation of naftidrofuryl in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Davinroy M, Mosnier M. Double-blind clinical evaluation of naftidrofuryl in Raynaud's phenomenon. Sem Hop 1993; 69 (36): 12-8
    • (1993) Sem Hop , vol.69 , Issue.36 , pp. 12-18
    • Davinroy, M.1    Mosnier, M.2
  • 40
    • 0018344042 scopus 로고
    • Effects of naftidrofuryl on microcirculatory cold sensitivity in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Nilsen KH. Effects of naftidrofuryl on microcirculatory cold sensitivity in Raynaud's phenomenon. BMJ 1979; 1: 20-1
    • (1979) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 20-21
    • Nilsen, K.H.1
  • 41
    • 0022348456 scopus 로고
    • The effect of inositol nicotinate (Hexopal) in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Murphy R. The effect of inositol nicotinate (Hexopal) in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Clin Trials J 1985; 22 (6): 521-9
    • (1985) Clin Trials J , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 521-529
    • Murphy, R.1
  • 42
    • 0024164306 scopus 로고
    • A double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of Hexopal in primary Raynaud's disease
    • Sunderland GT, Belch JJF, Sturrock RD, et al. A double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of Hexopal in primary Raynaud's disease. Clin Rheumatol 1988; 7(1): 46-9
    • (1988) Clin Rheumatol , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-49
    • Sunderland, G.T.1    Belch, J.J.F.2    Sturrock, R.D.3
  • 43
    • 0018629970 scopus 로고
    • Hexopal in Raynaud's Disease
    • Aylward M. Hexopal in Raynaud's Disease. J Int Med Res 1979; 7: 484
    • (1979) J Int Med Res , vol.7 , pp. 484
    • Aylward, M.1
  • 44
    • 0018629969 scopus 로고
    • An experimentally controlled evaluation of the effect of inositol nicotinate upon the digital blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Holti G. An experimentally controlled evaluation of the effect of inositol nicotinate upon the digital blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. J Int Med Res 1979; 7: 473
    • (1979) J Int Med Res , vol.7 , pp. 473
    • Holti, G.1
  • 45
    • 0019789046 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative thermal imaging to assess inositol nicotinate treatment for Raynaud's syndrome
    • Ring EFJ, Porto LO, Bacon PA. Quantitative thermal imaging to assess inositol nicotinate treatment for Raynaud's syndrome. J Int Med Res 1981; 9: 393-400
    • (1981) J Int Med Res , vol.9 , pp. 393-400
    • Ring, E.F.J.1    Porto, L.O.2    Bacon, P.A.3
  • 46
    • 0024544476 scopus 로고
    • Current and potential therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline
    • Stellin GP, Waxman K. Current and potential therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline. Compr Ther 1989; 15: 11-3
    • (1989) Compr Ther , vol.15 , pp. 11-13
    • Stellin, G.P.1    Waxman, K.2
  • 47
    • 0018582414 scopus 로고
    • Experiences with pentoxifylline in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease
    • Mihajlovic D, Hadzi-Pesic LJ, Markovic V, et al. Experiences with pentoxifylline in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Curr Med Res Opin 1979; 6 Suppl. 4: 43-8
    • (1979) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.6 , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 43-48
    • Mihajlovic, D.1    Hadzi-Pesic, L.J.2    Markovic, V.3
  • 48
    • 0017277957 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and hemodynamic study of pentoxifylline in diseases of the peripheral vessels
    • Schmidt C, Marquis P, Royer RJ, et al. Clinical and hemodynamic study of pentoxifylline in diseases of the peripheral vessels. Ann Med Nancy 1976; 15: 61-5
    • (1976) Ann Med Nancy , vol.15 , pp. 61-65
    • Schmidt, C.1    Marquis, P.2    Royer, R.J.3
  • 49
    • 10544236957 scopus 로고
    • Functional vascular disease: Treatment with pentoxifylline
    • 28th Annual Meeting of the International College of Angiology. Nice
    • Neirotti M, Longo F, Molaschi M, et al. Functional vascular disease: treatment with pentoxifylline [abstract]. 28th Annual Meeting of the International College of Angiology. Nice. Angiology 1986; 37: 397-8
    • (1986) Angiology , vol.37 , pp. 397-398
    • Neirotti, M.1    Longo, F.2    Molaschi, M.3
  • 50
    • 10544235073 scopus 로고
    • Pentoxifylline/placebo/ nifedipine in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: Influence on frequency of attacks and rewarming time
    • Stefenelli T, Silberbauer K, Glogar D. Pentoxifylline/placebo/ nifedipine in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: influence on frequency of attacks and rewarming time. Klin Wochenschr 1986; 64: 1155-6
    • (1986) Klin Wochenschr , vol.64 , pp. 1155-1156
    • Stefenelli, T.1    Silberbauer, K.2    Glogar, D.3
  • 51
    • 10544240407 scopus 로고
    • Double blind placebo controlled trial of pentoxifylline in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
    • abstract no. D180
    • Newnam ED, Davis DE, Harrington TM. Double blind placebo controlled trial of pentoxifylline in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon [abstract no. D180]. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 34 (9): 193
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 193
    • Newnam, E.D.1    Davis, D.E.2    Harrington, T.M.3
  • 52
    • 0019948757 scopus 로고
    • Long-term monitoring of the effects of thymoxamine hydrochloride tablets in the management of patients with Raynaud's disease
    • Aylward M, Bater PA, Davies DE, et al. Long-term monitoring of the effects of thymoxamine hydrochloride tablets in the management of patients with Raynaud's disease. Curr Med Res Opin 1982; 8(3): 158-70
    • (1982) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 158-170
    • Aylward, M.1    Bater, P.A.2    Davies, D.E.3
  • 53
    • 0019194016 scopus 로고
    • Thymoxamine for Raynaud's disease and chilblains
    • Jaffe GV, Grimshaw JJ. Thymoxamine for Raynaud's disease and chilblains. Br J Clin Pract 1980; 34: 11-2
    • (1980) Br J Clin Pract , vol.34 , pp. 11-12
    • Jaffe, G.V.1    Grimshaw, J.J.2
  • 54
    • 0024442237 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of thymoxamine in primary Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Grigg MJ, Nicolaides AN, Papadakis K, et al. The efficacy of thymoxamine in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Eur J Vasc Surg 1989; 3: 309-13
    • (1989) Eur J Vasc Surg , vol.3 , pp. 309-313
    • Grigg, M.J.1    Nicolaides, A.N.2    Papadakis, K.3
  • 55
    • 0021234150 scopus 로고
    • The effects of intravenous infusion of ZK36374, a synthetic prostacyclin derivative, on normal volunteers
    • Belch JJF, Greer IA, McLaren M, et al. The effects of intravenous infusion of ZK36374, a synthetic prostacyclin derivative, on normal volunteers. Prostaglandins 1984; 28(1): 67-78
    • (1984) Prostaglandins , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-78
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Greer, I.A.2    McLaren, M.3
  • 56
    • 0008522810 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandins in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Vane J, O'Grady J, editors. London: Edward Arnold
    • Belch JJF. Prostaglandins in Raynaud's phenomenon. In: Vane J, O'Grady J, editors. Therapeutic applications of prostaglandins. London: Edward Arnold, 1993: 219-39
    • (1993) Therapeutic Applications of Prostaglandins , pp. 219-239
    • Belch, J.J.F.1
  • 57
    • 0019390260 scopus 로고
    • 1 infusions for vascular insufficiency in progressive systemic sclerosis
    • 1 infusions for vascular insufficiency in progressive systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40: 350-4
    • (1981) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.40 , pp. 350-354
    • Martin, M.F.R.1    Dowd, P.M.2    Ring, E.F.J.3
  • 58
    • 0020694091 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in patients with Raynaud's syndrome - A double-blind controlled trial
    • Belch JJF, Drury JK, Capell H, et al. Intermittent epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in patients with Raynaud's syndrome - a double-blind controlled trial. Lancet 1983; 1: 313-5
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 313-315
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Drury, J.K.2    Capell, H.3
  • 59
    • 0023217993 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged increase in digital blood flow following iloprost infusion in patients with systemic sclerosis
    • Rademaker M, Thomas RHM, Provost G, et al. Prolonged increase in digital blood flow following iloprost infusion in patients with systemic sclerosis. Postgrad Med J 1987; 63: 617-20
    • (1987) Postgrad Med J , vol.63 , pp. 617-620
    • Rademaker, M.1    Thomas, R.H.M.2    Provost, G.3
  • 60
    • 0028147645 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud Phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis
    • Wigley FM, Wise RA, Seibold JR, et al. Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud Phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 199-206
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 199-206
    • Wigley, F.M.1    Wise, R.A.2    Seibold, J.R.3
  • 61
    • 0025940974 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison of two doses of intravenous iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to connective tissue diseases
    • Torley HI, Madhok R, Capell HA, et al. A double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison of two doses of intravenous iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to connective tissue diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 800-4
    • (1991) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.50 , pp. 800-804
    • Torley, H.I.1    Madhok, R.2    Capell, H.A.3
  • 62
    • 0024574059 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: A double-blind randomised study
    • Rademaker M, Cooke ED, Almond NE, et al. Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double-blind randomised study. BMJ 1989; 298: 561-4
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 561-564
    • Rademaker, M.1    Cooke, E.D.2    Almond, N.E.3
  • 63
    • 0025731034 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacological effects of cicaprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with Raynaud's syndrome secondary to systemic sclerosis - A preliminary study
    • Lau CS, McLaren M, Saniabadi A, et al. The pharmacological effects of cicaprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with Raynaud's syndrome secondary to systemic sclerosis - a preliminary study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1991; 9: 271-3
    • (1991) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.9 , pp. 271-273
    • Lau, C.S.1    McLaren, M.2    Saniabadi, A.3
  • 64
    • 0024973613 scopus 로고
    • Oral limaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Murai C, Sasaki T, Osaki H, et al. Oral limaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon. Lancet 1989; 1: 1218
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1218
    • Murai, C.1    Sasaki, T.2    Osaki, H.3
  • 65
    • 0028911625 scopus 로고
    • Oral iloprost as a treatment for Raynaud's syndrome: A double-blind multi-centre placebo controlled study
    • Belch JJF, Capell HA, Cooke ED, et al. Oral iloprost as a treatment for Raynaud's syndrome: a double-blind multi-centre placebo controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54 (3): 197-200
    • (1995) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-200
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Capell, H.A.2    Cooke, E.D.3
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0020540201 scopus 로고
    • Dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome: A double-blind trial
    • Belch JJF, Cormie J, Newman P, et al. Dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome: a double-blind trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 15: 1135-6
    • (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 1135-1136
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Cormie, J.2    Newman, P.3
  • 68
    • 0022230528 scopus 로고
    • Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: A double blind study
    • Belch JJF, Shaw B, O'Dowd A, et al. Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a double blind study. Thromb Haemost 1985; 54 (2): 490-4
    • (1985) Thromb Haemost , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 490-494
    • Belch, J.J.F.1    Shaw, B.2    O'Dowd, A.3
  • 69
    • 0024492974 scopus 로고
    • Fish-oil dietary supplementation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: A double-blind, controlled, prospective study
    • DiGacomo RA, Kremer JM, Shah DM. Fish-oil dietary supplementation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: a double-blind, controlled, prospective study. Am J Med 1989; 86: 158-64
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.86 , pp. 158-164
    • DiGacomo, R.A.1    Kremer, J.M.2    Shah, D.M.3
  • 70
    • 0024433785 scopus 로고
    • International study of ketanserin in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Coffmann JD, Clement DL, Creager MA, et al. International study of ketanserin in Raynaud's phenomenon. Am J Med 1989; 87: 264-8
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.87 , pp. 264-268
    • Coffmann, J.D.1    Clement, D.L.2    Creager, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 0025914026 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged effect of CGRP in Raynaud's patients: A double-blind randomised with prostacyclin
    • Shawket S, Dickerson C, Hazleman B, et al. Prolonged effect of CGRP in Raynaud's patients: a double-blind randomised with prostacyclin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32: 209-13
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 209-213
    • Shawket, S.1    Dickerson, C.2    Hazleman, B.3
  • 72
    • 0025611154 scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of calcitonin gene-related peptide in Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Bunker CB, Terenghi G, Springall DR, et al. Deficiency of calcitonin gene-related peptide in Raynaud's phenomenon. Lancet 1990; 336: 1530-3
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1530-1533
    • Bunker, C.B.1    Terenghi, G.2    Springall, D.R.3
  • 73
    • 0017220626 scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment in Raynaud's disease
    • Hansteen V. Medical treatment in Raynaud's disease. Acta Chir Scand 1976; 465: 87-91
    • (1976) Acta Chir Scand , vol.465 , pp. 87-91
    • Hansteen, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.