Preconditioning to improve myocardial protection

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 793, Issue , 1996, Pages 338-354

  Rao, Vivek ^a   Ikonomidis, John S ^a   Weisel, Richard D ^a,b   Cohen, Gideon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASPARTIC ACID; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARDIOPLEGIC AGENT; DILTIAZEM; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID; INSULIN; LACTIC ACID; NIFEDIPINE; POTASSIUM; VERAPAMIL;

AORTA CLAMPING; CARDIOPLEGIA; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; HEART FUNCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTION; HEART MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEART PROTECTION; HEART SURGERY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY;

EID: 0029823319     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33526.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (72)

1. TAKARO, T., P. PEDUZZI, D. M. DETRE, H. N. HULTGREN, M. L. MURPHY, J. VAN DER BEL-KAHN, J. THOMSEN & W. R. MEADOWS. 1982. Survival in subgroups of patients with left main coronary artery disease: Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 66: 14-22.
2. VARNAUSKAS, E. and the European Coronary Surgery Study Group. 1989. Twelve-year follow-up of survival in the randomized European Coronary Surgery Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 332-337.
3. CALIFF, R. M., F. E. HARRELL, K. L. LEE, J. S. RANKIN, M. A. HLATKY, D. B. MARK, R. H. JONES, L. H. MUHLBAIER, H. N. OLDHAM & D. B. PRYOR. 1989. The evolution of medical and surgical therapy for coronary artery disease: a 15-year perspective. JAMA 261: 2077-2086.
4. MYERS, W. O., B. J. GERSH, L. D. FISHER, M. B. MOCK, D. R. HOLMES, H. V. SCHAFF, S. GILLESPIE, T. J. RYAN, G. C. KAISER and other CASS investigators. 1987. Medical versus early surgical therapy in patients with triple vessel disease and mild angina pectoris: a CASS registry study of survival. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 44: 471-486.
5. SCHAFF, H. V., B. J. GERSH, L. D. FISHER, R. L. FRYE, M. B. MOCK, T. B. RYAN, R. B. ELLS, B. R. CHAITMAN, E. L. ALDERMAN, G. C. KAISER, D. P. FAXON, M. G. BOURASSA and participants in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. 1984. Detrimental effect of perioperative myocardial infarction on late survival after coronary artery bypass: report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 88: 972-981.
6. POCOCK, S., R. HENDERSON, A. RICKARDS, J. HAMPTON, S. KING, C. HAMM, J. PUEL, W. HUEB, J-J GOY & A. RODRIGUEZ. 1995. Coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery: overview of the published randomized trials (abstract). Circulation 92: I-476.
7. FAVALORO, R. G. 1968. Saphenous vein autograft replacement of severe segmental coronary artery occlusion: operative technique. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 5: 334-339.
8. CHRISTAKIS, G. T., P. L. BIRNBAUM, R. D. WEISEL, J. IVANOV, T. E. DAVID, T. A. SALERNO and the Cardiovascular Surgeons at the University of Toronto. 1989. The changing pattern of coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 80(Suppl. I): I51-I61.
9. RAO, V., J. IVANOV, R. D. WEISEL, J. S. IKONOMIDIS, G. T. CHRISTAKIS & T. E. DAVID. Predictors of low output syndrome following coronary bypass surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. In press.
10. BIGELOW, W. G., W. K. LINDSAY & W. F. GREENWOOD. 1950. Hypothermia: its possible role in cardiac surgery. Ann. Surg. 132: 849-866.
11. MELROSE, D. G., B. DREYER, H. H. BENTALL & J. B. E. BAKER. 1955. Elective cardiac arrest. Lancet 2: 21.
12. WEISEL, R. D., I. H. LIPTON, R. N. LYALL & R. J. BAIRD. 1978. Cardiac metabolism and performance following cold potassium cardioplegia. Circulation 58(Suppl. I): 1217-1226.
13. GOTT, V. L., J. L. GONZALEZ, M. N. ZUHDI et al. 1957. Retrograde perfusion of the coronary sinus for direct-vision aortic surgery. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 104: 319.
14. SALERNO, T. A., J. P. HOUCK, C. A. M. BARROZO et al. 1992. Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: a new concept in myocardial protection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 51: 245-247.
15. PARTINGTON, M. T., C. ACAR, G. D. BUCKBERG, P. JULIA, E. R. KOFSKY & H. I. BUGYI. 1989. Studies of retrograde cardioplegia. I. Capillary blood flow distribution to myocardium supplied by open and occluded arteries. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 97: 605-612.
16. MENASCHE, P., J. B. SUBAYI, L. VEYSSIE, O. LE DREF, S. CHEVRET & A. PIWNICA. 1991. Efficacy of coronary sinus cardioplegia in patients with complete coronary artery occlusions. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 51: 418-423.
17. CROOKE, G. A., L. H. HARRIS, E. A. GROSSI, F. G. BAUMANN, A. C. GALLOWAY & S. B. COLVIN. 1991. Biventricular distribution of cold blood cardioplegic solution administered by different retrograde techniques. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 102: 631-637.
18. STIRLING, M. C., T. B. MCCLANAHAN, R. J. SCHOTT, M. J. LYNCH, S. F. BOLLING, M. M. KIRSH & K. P. GALLAGHER. 1989. Distribution of cardioplegic solution infused antegradely and retrogradely in normal canine hearts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 98: 1066-1076.
19. QUINTILLO, C., P. VOCI, F. BILOTTA, G. LUZI, F. CHIAROTTI, M. C. ACCONCIA, C. MERCANTI & B. MARINO. 1995. Risk factors for incomplete distribution of cardioplegic solution during coronary artery grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 109: 439-447.
20. FABIANI, J. N., A. DELOCHE, J. SWANSON & A. CARPENTIER. 1988. Retrograde cardioplegia through the right atrium. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 45: 595-602.
21. RUDIS, E., R. N. GATES, H. LAKS, D. C. DRINKWATER, A. ARDEHALI, A. AHARON & P. CHANG. 1995. Coronary sinus ostial occlusion during retrograde delivery of cardioplegic solution significantly improves cardioplegic distribution and efficacy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 109: 941-947.
22. MENASCHE, P. 1994. Experimental comparison between manually inflatable versus autoinflatable retrograde cardioplegia catheters. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 58: 533-535.
23. MAATSURA, H., H. L. LAZAR, X. M. YANG et al. 1993. Detrimental effects of interrupting warm blood cardioplegia during coronary revascularization. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 106: 357-361.
24. IKONOMIDIS, J. S., T. M. YAU, R. D. WEISEL, N. HAYASHIDA, X. P. FU, M. KOMEDA, J. IVANOV, S. M. CARSON, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & D. A. G. MICKLE. 1994. Optimal flow rates for retrograde warm cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 107: 510-519.
25. PANOS, A. L., I. S. ALI, P. L. BIRNBAUM et al. 1992. Coronary sinus injuries during retrograde continuous, normothermic blood cardioplegia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 54: 1137-1138.
26. BHAYANA, J. N., T. KALMBACH, F. V. BOOTH, R. M. MENTZER & G. SCHIMERT. 1989. Combined antegrade/retrograde cardioplegia for myocardial protection: a clinical trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 98: 956-960.
27. DRINKWATER, D. C., H. LAKS & G. D. BUCKBERG. 1990. A new simplified method of optimizing cardioplegic delivery without right heart isolation. Antegrade/retrograde blood cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 100: 56-63.
28. KALMBACH, T. & J. N. BHAYANA. 1989. Cardioplegic delivery by combined aortic root and coronary sinus perfusion. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 47: 316-317.
29. HAYASHIDA, N., R. D. WEISEL, T. SHIRAI, J. S. IKONOMIDIS, J. IVANOV, S. M. CARSON, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & D. A. G. MICKLE. 1995. Tepid antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 59: 723-729.
30. HAYASHIDA, N., J. S. IKONOMIDIS, R. D. WEISEL, T. SHIRAI, J. IVANOV, S. M. CARSON, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & D. A. G. MICKLE. 1995. Adequate distribution of cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 110: 800-812.
31. SHIRAI, T., V. RAO, R. D. WEISEL, J. S. IKONOMIDIS, J. IVANOV & N. HAYASHIDA. Antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia: alternate or simultaneous? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. In press.
32. ALLEN, B. S., G. D. BUCKBERG, E. R. ROSENKRANZ, W. PLESTED, J. SKOW, E. MAZZEI & R. SCANLAN. 1992. Topical cardiac hypothermia in patients with coronary disease. An unnecessary adjunct to cardioplegic protection and cause of pulmonary morbidity. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 104: 626-631.
33. BUCKBERG, G. D., J. R. BRAZIER, R. L. NELSON et al. 1977. Studies of the effects of hypothermia on reginal myocardial flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. I. The adequately perfused beating, fibrillating and arrested heart. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 73: 87-94.
34. FREMES, S. E., R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE, J. IVANOV, M. M. MADONIK, S. J. SEAWRIGHT, S. HOULE, P. R. MCLAUGHLIN & R. J. BAIRD. 1985. Myocardial metabolism and ventricular function following cold potassium cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 89: 531-546.
35. WEISEL, R. D., D. A. G. MICKLE, C. D. FINKLE, L. C. TUMIATI, M. M. MADONIK & J. IVANOV. 1989. Delayed myocardial metabolic recovery after blood cardioplegia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 48: 503-507.
36. YAU, T. M., J. S. IKONOMIDIS, R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE, J. IVANOV, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI, S. M. CARSON & P. LIU. 1993. Ventricular function after normothermic versus hypothermic cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 105: 833-844.
37. ROSENKRANZ, E. R., G. D. BUCKBERG, H. LAKS & D. G. MULDER. 1983. Warm induction of cardioplegia with glutamate enriched blood in coronary patients with cardiogenic shock who are dependent on inotropic drugs and intra-aortic balloon support. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 86: 507-518.
38. TEOH, K. H., G. T. CHRISTAKIS, R. D. WEISEL, S. E. FREMES, D. A. G. MICKLE, A. D. ROMASCHIN, R. S. HARDING, J. IVANOV, M. M. MADONIK, I. M. ROSS, P. R. MCLAUGHLIN & R. J. BAIRD. 1986. Accelerated myocardial metabolic recovery with terminal warm blood cardioplegia (hot shot). J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 91: 888-895.
39. LICHTENSTEIN, S. V., K. A. ASHE, H. EL DALATI et al. 1991. Warm heart surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 101: 269-274.
40. The Warm Heart Investigators. 1994. Randomised trial of normothermic versus hypothermic coronary bypass surgery. Lancet 343: 559-563.
41. MARTIN, T. D., J. M. CRAVER, J. P. GOTT et al. 1994. Prospective, randomized trial of retrograde warm blood cardioplegia: myocardial benefit and neurologic threat. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 57: 298-304.
42. YAU, T. M., R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE, J. IVANOV, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI, S. M. CARSON & S. V. LICHTENSTEIN. 1991. Optimal delivery of blood cardioplegia. Circulation 84(Suppl. III): III380-III388.
43. HAYASHIDA, N., J. S. IKONOMIDIS, R. D. WEISEL, T. SHIRAI, J. IVANOV, S. M. CARSON, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & D. A. G. MICKLE. 1994. The optimal cardioplegic temperature. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 58: 961-971.
44. HAYASHIDA, N., R. D. WEISEL, T. SHIRAI, J. S. IKONOMIDIS, J. IVANOV, S. M. CARSON, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & D. A. G. MICKLE. 1995. Tepid antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 59: 723-729.
45. FREMES, S. E., G. T. CHRISTAKIS, R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE, M. M. MADONIK, J. IVANOV, R. HARDING, S. J. SEAWRIGHT, S. HOULE, P. R. MCLAUGHLIN & R. J. BAIRD. 1984. A clinical trial of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 88: 726-741.
46. MURRY, C. E., R. B. JENNINGS & K. A. REIMER. 1986. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74(5): 1124-1136.
47. LAWSON, C. S. 1994. Does ischemic preconditioning occur in the human heart? Cardiovasc. Res. 28: 1461-1466.
48. KLONER, R. A. & D. M. YELLON. 1994. Does ischemic preconditioning occur in patients? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 24: 1133-1142.
49. YELLON, D. M., A. M. ALKHULAIFI & W. B. PUGSLEY. 1993. Preconditioning the human myocardium. Lancet 342: 276-277.
50. IKONOMIDIS, J. S., L. C. TUMIATI, R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE & R-K. LI. 1994. Preconditioning human ventricular cardiomyocyles with brief periods of simulated ischemia. Cardiovasc. Res. 28: 1285-1291.
51. ATP channels in rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes (abstract). Circulation 90(Suppl. I): I478.
52. 1 receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 84: 350-356.
53. BELARDINELLI, L., J. LINDEN & R. BERNE. 1989. The cardiac effects of adenosine. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 32: 73-97.
54. SODI-POLLARES, D., M. D. TESTELLI, B. L. FISLEDER et al. 1965. Effects of an intravenous infusion of a potassium-glucose-insulin solution on the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 5: 166-181.
55. LAZAR, H. L. 1994. Enhanced preservation of acutely ischemic myocardium using glucose-insulin-potassium solutions. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 9(Suppl.): 474-478.
56. LUCCHESI, B. R., M. MEDIAN & F. J. KNIFFEN. 1972. The positive inotropic action of insulin in the canine heart. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 18: 107-115.
57. GRADINAC, S., G. M. COLEMAN, H. TAEGTMEYER et al. 1989. Improved cardiac function with glucose-insulin-potassium after aortocoronary bypass grafting. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 48: 484-489.
58. SVEDGEHOLM, R., I. HULJEBRANT, E. HAKANSON & I. VANHANEN. 1995. Glutamate and high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in the treatment of severe cardiac failure after cardiac operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 59: S23-S30.
59. INCERPI, S., P. BALDINI, V. BELLUCCI, A. ZANNETTI & P. LULY. 1994. Modulation of the Na/H antiport by insulin: interplay between protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase and protein phosphatases. J. Cell Physiol. 159: 205-212.
60. YU, B., M. STANDAERT, T. ARNOLD et al. 1992. Effects of insulin on diacylglycerol/ protein kinase C signalling and glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology 130: 3345-3355.
61. TEOH, K. H., J. IVANOV, R. D. WEISEL, P. L. BIRNBAUM, M. M. MADONIK, D. A. G. MICKLE, T. E. DAVID, T. A. SALERNO and the Cardiovascular Surgeons at the University of Toronto. 1990. The surgical management of unstable angina: a clinical trial of warm induction glutamate aspartate blood cardioplegia for urgent revascularization. Abstracts of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, May 1990.
62. ROSENKRANZ, E. R., G. D. BUCKBERG, H. LAKS & D. G. MULDER. 1983. Warm induction of cardioplegia with glutamate enriched blood in coronary patients with cardiogenic shock who are dependent on inotropic drugs and intra-aortic balloon pump support. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 86: 507-518.
63. SMITH, S. J., B. N. SINGH, H. D. NISBET & R. M. NORRIS. 1975. Effects of verapamil on infarct size following experimental coronary occlusion. Cardiovasc. Res. 9: 569-571.
64. LOWE, J. E., L. H. KLEINMAN, K. A. REIMER & A. R. WECHSLER. 1977. Effects of cardioplegia produced by calcium influx inhibition. Surg. Forum. 28: 279-280.
65. MAGOVERN, G. J., C. M. DIXON & J. A. BURKHOLDER. 1981. Improved myocardial protection with nifedipine and potassium-based cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 82: 239-244.
66. STANDEVEN, J. W., M. JELLINEK, L. J. MENZ et al. 1984. Cold blood potassium diltiazem cardioplegia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 87: 201-212.
67. MILLAR, R., D. A. LATHROP, G. GRUPP et al. 1981. Differential cardiovascular effects of calcium channel blocking agents. Potential mechanisms. Am. J. Cardiol. 49: 499-506.
68. LATHROP, D. A., J. R. VALLE-AGUILERA, R. W. MILLARD et al. 1982. Comparative electrophysiologic and coronary hemodynamic effects of diltiazem, nisoldopine and verapamil on myocardial tissue. Am. J. Cardiol. 49: 613-620.
69. CHRISTAKIS, G. T., S. E. FREMES, R. D. WEISEL, J. G. TITTLEY, D. A. G. MICKLE, J. IVANOV, M. M. MADONIK, A. M. BENAK, P. R. MCLAUGHLIN & R. J. BAIRD. 1986. Diltiazem cardioplegia. A balance of risk and benefit. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 91: 647-661.
70. WEISEL, R. D., D. A. G. MICKLE, C. D. FINKLE, L. C. TUMIATI, M. M. MADONIK, J. IVANOV, G. W. BURTON & K. U. INGOLD. 1989. Myocardial free-radical injury after cardioplegia. Circulation 80(Suppl. III): III14-III18.
71. YAU, T. M., R. D. WEISEL, D. A. G. MICKLE, G. W. BURTON, K. U. INGOLD, J. IVANOV, M. K. MOHABEER, L. C. TUMIATI & S. M. CARSON. 1994. Vitamin E for coronary bypass operations. A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 108: 302-310.
72. BUCKBERG, G. D., F. BEYERSDORF, B. S. ALLEN & J. M. ROBERTSON. 1995. Integrated myocardial management: background and initial application. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 10: 68-89.