Molecules inhibiting neurite growth: A minireview

Neurochemical Research

Volumn 21, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 755-761

  Schwab, Martin E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

development; glia; growth cone; Guidance; plasticity; regeneration

Indexed keywords

GROWTH INHIBITOR;

GLIA; GROWTH CONE; GROWTH INHIBITION; HUMAN; NERVE CELL GROWTH; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVE GROWTH; NERVE PROJECTION; NERVE REGENERATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029815780     PISSN: 03643190     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02532297     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Thoenen, H., and Barde, Y.-A. 1980. Physiology of nerve growth factor. Physiol. Reviews 60:1284-1335.
2. Teng, K. K., and Greene, L. A. 1994. KT5926 selectively inhibits nerve growth factor-dependent neurite elongation. J. Neurosci. 14: 2624-2635.
3. Twiss, J. L., and Shooter, E. M. 1995. Nerve growth factor promotes neurite regeneration in PC12 cells by translational control. J. Neurochem. 64:550-557.
4. Gundersen, R. W., and Barrett, J. N. 1980. Characterization of the turning response of dorsal roots neurites toward nerve growth factor. J. Cell Biol. 87:546-554.
5. Sanes, J. R. 1989. Extracellular matrix molecules that influence neural development. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12:491-516.
6. Reichardt, L. F., and Tomaselli, K. J. 1991. Extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 14:531-570.
7. Schachner, M. 1994. Neural recognition molecules in disease and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:726-734.
8. Schwab, M. E., Kapfhammer, J. P., and Bandtlow, C. E. 1993. Inhibitors of neurite growth. In Annual Review of Neuroscience. W. M. Cowan, editor. Annual Rev. Inc. Palo Alto., Vol. 16, 565-595.
9. Schuch, U., Lohse, M. J., and Schachner, M. 1989. Neural cell adhesion molecules influence second messenger systems. Neuron 3:13-20.
10. Doherty, P., and Walsh, F. S. 1992. Cell adhesion molecules, second messengers and axonal growth. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2:595-601.
11. Goodman, C. S. 1994. The likeness of being: phylogenetically conserved molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance. Cell 78:353-356.
12. Stern, C. D., Sisodiya, S. M., and Keynes, R. J. 1986. Interactions between neurites and somite cells: inhibition and stimulation of nerve growth in the chick embryo. J. Embriol. Exp. Morphol. 91: 209-226.
13. Tosney, K. W., and Oakley, R. A. 1990. The perinotochordal mesenchyme acts as a barrier to axon advance in the chick embryo: Implications for a general mechanism of axon guidance. Exp. Neurol. 109:75-89.
14. Schwab, M. E., and Thoenen, H. 1985. Dissociated neurons regenerate into sciatic but not optic nerve explants in culture irrespective of neurotrophic factors. J. Neurosci. 5:2415-2423.
15. Kapfhammer, J. P., Grunewald, B. E., and Raper, J. A. 1986. The selective inhibition of growth cone extension by specific neurites in culture. J. Neurosci. 6:2527-2534.
16. Walter, J., Henke-Fahle, S., and Bonhoeffer, F. 1987. Avoidance of posterior tectal membranes by temporal retinal axons. Devl. 101:909-913.
17. Caroni, P., and Schwab, M. E. 1988. Two membrane protein fractions from rat central myelin with inhibitory properties for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading. J. Cell Biol. 106:1281-1288.
18. Caroni, P., and Schwab, M. E. 1988. Antibody against myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS white matter. Neuron 1:85-96.
19. Stahl, B., Müller, B., van Boxberg, Y., Cox, E. C., and Bonhoeffer, F. 1990. Biochemical characterization of a putative axonal guidance molecule of the chick visual system. Neuron 5:735-743.
20. Davies, J. A., Cook, G. M. W., Stern, C. D., and Keynes, R. J. 1990. Isolation from chick somites of a glycoprotein fraction that causes collapse of dorsal root ganglion growth cones. Neuron 2: 11-20.
21. Raper, J. A., and Kapfhammer, J. P. 1990. The enrichment of a neuronal growth cone collapsing activity from embryonic chick brain. Neuron 2:21-29.
22. Kater, S. B., and Mills, L. R. 1991. Regulation of growth cone behavior by calcium. J. Neurosci. 11:891-899.
23. Snow, D. M., Lemmon, V., Carrino, D. A., Caplan, A. I., and Silver, J. 1990. Sulfated proteoglycans in astroglial barriers inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. Exp. Neurol. 109:111-130.
24. Oohira, A., Matsui, F., and Katho-Semba, R. 1991. Inhibitory effects of brain chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells. J. Neurosci. 11:822-827.
25. Snow, D. M., and Letourneau, P. C. 1992. Neurite outgrowth on a step gradient of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG). J. Neurobiol. 23:322-336.
26. Schwab, M. E., and Bartholdi, D. 1996. Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord. Physiol. Rev. 76:319-370.
27. Luo, Y. and Raper, J. A. 1994. Inhibitory factors controlling growth cone motility and guidance. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:648-654.
28. Luo, Y., Raible, D., and Raper, J. A. 1993. Collapsin: a protein in brain that induces the collapse and paralysis of neuronal growth cones. Cell 75:217-227.
29. Kolodkin, A. L., Matthes, D. J., and Goodman, C. S. 1993. The semaphorin genes encode a family of transmembrane and secreted growth cone guidance molecules. Cell 75:1389-1399.
30. Püschel, A. W., Adams, R. H., and Betz, H. 1995. Murine semaphorin D/collapsin is amembre of a diverse gene family and creates domains inhibitory for axonal extension. Neuron 14:941-948.
31. Luo, Y., Sheperd, I., Li, J., Renzi, M. J., Chang, S., and Raper, J. A. 1995. A family of molecules related to collapsin in the embryonic chick nervous system. Neuron 14:1131-1140.
32. Messersmith, E. K., Leonardo, E. D., Shatz, C. J., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Goodman, C. S., and Kolodkin, A. L. 1995. Semaphorin III can function as a selective chemorepellent to pattern sensory projections in the spinal cord. Neuron 14:949-959.
33. Kolodkin, A. L., Matthes, D J., O'Connor, T. P., Patel, N. H., Admon, A., Bentley, D., and Goodman, C. S. 1992. Fasciclin IV: sequence, expression, and function during growth cone guidance in the grasshopper embryo. Neuron 9:831-845.
34. Fan, J., and Raper, J. A. 1995. Localized collapsing cues can steer growth cones without inducing their full collapse. Neuron 14:263-274.
35. Fan, J., Mansfield, S. G., Redmond, T., Gordon-Weeks, P. R., and Raper, J. A. 1993. The organization of F-actin and microtubules in growth cones exposed to a brain-derived collapsing factor. J. Cell Biol. 121:867-878.
36. Matthes, D. J., Sink, H., Kolodkin, A. L., and Goodman, C. S. 1995. Semaphorin II can function as a selective inhibitor of specific synaptic arborizations. Cell 81:631-639.
37. Drescher, U., Kremoser, C., Handwerker, C., Löschinger, J., Noda, M., and Bonhoeffer, F. 1995. In vitro guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons by RAGS, a 25 kDA tectal protein related to ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 82:359-370.
38. Cheng, H.-J., Nakamoto, M., Bergemann, A. D., and Flanagan, J. G. 1995. Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map. Cell 82:371-381.
39. Clarke, G. A., and Moss, D. J. 1994. Identification of a novel protein from adult chicken brain that inhibits neurite outgrowth. J. Cell Sci. 107:3393-3402.
40. Schnell, L., and Schwab, M. E. 1990. Axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord produced by an antibody against myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors. Nature 343:269-272.
41. Bandtlow, C. E., Zachleder, T., and Schwab, M. E. 1990. Oligodendrocytes arrest neurite growth by contact inhibition. J. Neurosci. 10:3837-3848.
42. Bandtlow, C. E., Schmidt, M. F., Hassinger, T. D., Schwab, M. E., and Kater, S. B. 1993. Role of intracellular calcium in NI-35-evoked collapse of neuronal growth cones. Science 259:80-83.
43. Igarashi, M., Strittmatter, S. M., Vartanian, T., and Fishman, M. C. 1993. Mediation by G proteins of signals that cause collapse of growth cones. Science 259:77-79.
44. Rubin, B. P., Dusart, I., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. A monoclonal antibody (IN-1) which neutralizes neurite growth inhibitory proteins in the rat CNS recognizes antigens localized in CNS myelin. J. Neurocytol. 23:209-217.
45. Schwab, M. E., and Schnell, L. 1991. Channelling of developing rat corticospinal tract axons by myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors. J. Neurosci. 11:709-722.
46. Kapfhammer, J., Schwab, M. E., and Schneider, J. 1992. Antibody neutralization of neurite growth inhibitors from oligodendrocytes results in expanded pattern of postnatally sprouting retinocollicular axons. J. Neurosci. 12:2112-2119.
47. Colello, R. J., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. A role for oligodendrocytes in the stabilization of optic axon numbers. J. Neurosci. 14: 6446-6452.
48. Kapfhammer, J. P., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. Inverse pattern of myelination and GAP-43 expression in the adult CNS: neurite growth inhibitors as regulators of neuronal plasticity? J. Comp. Neurol. 340:194-206.
49. Kapfhammer, J. P., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. Increased expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in the myelin-free rat spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6:403-411.
50. Schwegler, G., Schwab, M. E., and Kapfhammer, J. P. 1995. Increased collateral sprouting of primary afferents in the myelin-free spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 15:2756-2767.
51. Savio, T., and Schwab, M. E. 1990. Lesioned corticospinal tract axons regenerate in myelin-free rat spinal cord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:4130-4133.
52. Weibel, D., Cadelli, D., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. Regeneration of lesioned rat optic nerve fibers is improved after neutralization of myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors. Brain Res. 642: 259-266.
53. Cadelli, D., and Schwab, M. E. 1991. Regeneration of lesioned septohippocampal acetylcholinesterase-positive axons is improved by antibodies against the myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors NI-35/250. Europ. J. Neurosci. 3:825-832.
54. Schnell, L., and Schwab, M. E. 1993. Sprouting and regeneration of lesioned corticospinal tract fibers in the adult rat spinal cord. Europ. J. Neurosci. 5:1156-1171.
55. Schnell, L., Schneider, R., Kolbeck, R., Barde, Y.-A., and Schwab, M. E. 1994. Neurotrophin-3 enhances sprouting of corticospinal tract during development and after adult spinal cord lesion. Nature 367:170-173.
56. Bregman, B. S., Kunkel-Bagden, E., Schnell, L., Dai, H. N., Gao, D., and Schwab, M. E. 1995. Recovery from spinal cord injury mediated by antibodies to neurite growth inhibitors. Nature 378: 498-501.
57. Serafini-Kennedy, T. E., Galko, M. J., Mirzayan, C., Jessel, T. M., and Tessier-Lavigne, M. 1994. The netrins define a family of axon outgrowth-promoting proteins homologous to C. elegans UNC-6. Cell 78:409-424.
58. Ishii, N., Wadsworth, W. G., Stern, B. D., Culotti, J. G., and Hedgecock, E. M. 1992. UNC-6, a laminin-related protein, guides cell and pioneer axon migrations in C.elegans. Neuron 9:873-881.
59. Kennedy, T. E., Serafini, T., de la Torre, J. R., and Tessier-Lavigne, M. 1994. Netrins are diffusible chemotropic factors for commissural axons in the embryonic spinal cord. Cell 78:425-435.
60. Tamada, A., Shirasaki, R., and Murakami, F. 1995. Floor plate chemoattracts crossed axons and chemorepels uncrossed axons in the vertebrate brain. Neuron 14:1083-1093.
61. Shirasaki, R., Tamada, A., Katsumata, R., and Murakami, F. 1995. Guidance of cerebellofucal axons in the rat embryo: directed growth toward the floor plate and subsequent elongation along the longitudinal axis. Neuron 14:961-972.
62. Colamarino, S. A., and Tessier-Lavigne, M. 1995. The axonal chemoattractant netrin-1 is also a chemorepellent for trochlear moto axons. Cell 81:621-629.
63. Guthrie, S., and Pini, A. 1995. Chemorepulsion of developing motor axons by the floor plate. Neuron 14:1117-1130.
64. Nose, A., Mahajan, V. B., and Goodman, C. S. 1992. Connectin: A homophilic cell adhesion molecule expressed on a subset of muscles and the motoneurons that innervate them in Drosophila. Cell 70:553-567.
65. Nose, A., Takeichi, M., and Goodman, C. S. 1994. Ectopic expression of connectin reveals a repulsive function during growth cone guidance and synapse formation. Neuron 13:525-539.
66. McKerracher, L., David, S., Jackson, D. L., Kottis, V., Dunn, R. J., and Braun, P. E. 1994. Identification of myelin-associated glycoprotein as a major myelin-derived inhibitor of neurite growth. Neuron 13:805-811.
67. Mukhopadhyay, G., Doherty, P., Walsh, F. S., Crocker, P. R., and Filbin, M. Y. 1994. A novel role of myelin-associated glycoprotein as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Neuron 13:1-20.
68. Bartsch, U., Bandtlow, C. E., Schnell, L., Bartsch, S., Spillmann, A. A., Rubin, B. P., Montag, D., Schwab, M. E., and Schachner, M. 1995. Lack of evidence that the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a major inhibitor of axonal regeneration in the CNS. Neuron 15:1376-1381.
69. Martini, R., Schachner, M., and Faissner, A. 1990. Enhanced expression of the extracellular matrix molecule J1/tenascin in the regenerating adult mouse sciatic nerve. J. Neurocytol. 19:601-616.
70. Bartsch, U., Bartsch, S., Dörres, U., and Schachner, M. 1992. Immunohistological localization of tenascin in the developing and lesioned adult mouse optic nerve. Europ. J. Neurosci. 4:338-352.
71. Bartsch, S., Husmann, K., Schachner, M., and Bartsch, U. 1995. The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin: expression in the developing chick retinotectal system and substrate properties for retinal ganglion cell neurites in vitro. Europ. J. Neurosci. 7:907-916.
72. Taylor, J., Pesheva, P., and Schachner, M. 1993. Influence of janusin and tenascin on growth cone behavior in vitro. J. Neurosci. Res. 35:347-362.
73. Wehrle-Haller, B., and Chiquet, M. 1993. Dual function of tenascin: simultaneous promotion of neurite growth and inhibition of glial migration. J. Cell. Sci. 106:597-610.
74. Wehrle, B., and Chiquet, M. 1990. Tenascin is accumulated along developing peripheral nerves and allows neurite outgrowth in vitro. Development 110:401-415.
75. Martini, R., and Schachner, M. 1991. Complex expression pattern of tenascin during innervation of the posterior limb buds of the developing chicken. J. Neurosci. Res. 28:261-279.
76. Laywell, E. D., Dörres, U., Bartsch, U., Faissner, A., Schachner, M., and Steindler, D. A. 1992. Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2634-2638.
77. Saga, Y., Yagi, T., Ikawa, Y., Sakakura, T., and Aizawa, S. 1992. Mice develop normally without tenascin. Genes Dev. 6:1821-1831.
78. Pesheva, P., Spiess, E., and Schachner, M. 1989. J1-60 and J1-180 are oligodendrocyte-secreted nonpermissive substrates for cell adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 109:1765-1778.
79. Rathjen, F. G., Wolff, J. M., and Chiquet-Ehrismann, R. 1991. Restrictin: a chick neural extracellular matrix protein involved in cell attachment co-purifies with the cell recognition molecule F11. Devl. 113:151-164.
80. Fuss, B., Wintergerst, E.-S., Bartsch, U., and Schachner, M. 1993. Molecular characterization and in situ mRNA localization of the neuronal recognition molecule J1-160/180: a modular structure similar to tenascin. J. Cell Biol. 120:1237-1249.
81. Nörenberg, U., Hubert, M., Brümmendorf, T., Tarnok, A., and Rathjen, F. G. 1995. Characterization of functional domains of the tenascin-R (restrictin) polypeptide: cell attachment site, binding with F11, and enhancement of F11-mediated neurite outgrowth by tenascin-R. J. Cell Biol. 130:473-184.
82. Wintergerst, E. S., Fuss, B., and Bartsch, U. 1993. Localization of Janusin mRNA in the central nervous system of the developing and adult mouse. Europ. J. Neurosci. 5:299-310.
83. Lander, A. D. 1993. Proteoglycans in the nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3:716-723.
84. Iijima, N., Oohira, A., Mori, T., Kitabatake, K., and Kohsaka, S. 1991. Core protein of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan promotes \neurite outgrowth from cultured neocortical neurons. J. Neurochem. 56:706-708.
85. Bovolenta, P., Wandosell, F., and Nieto-Sampedro, M. 1993. Characterization of a neurite outgrowth inhibitor expressed after CNS injury. Europ. J. Neurosci. 5:454-465.
86. Faissner, A., Clement, A., Lochter, A., Streit, A., Mandl, C., and Schachner, M. 1994. Isolation of a neural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with neurite outgrowth promoting properties. J. Cell Biol. 126:783-799.
87. Katoh-Semba, R., Matsuda, M., Kato, K., and Oohira, A. 1995. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the rat brain: candidates for axon barriers of sensory neurons and the possible modification by laminin of their actions. Europ. J. Neurosci. 7:613-621.
88. Geisert Jr., E. E., and Bidanset, D. J. 1993. A central nervous system keratan sulfate proteoglycan: localization to boundaries in the neonatal rat brain. Devl. Brain Res. 75:163-173.
89. Levine, J. M. 1994. Increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan after brain injury. J. Neurosci. 14:4716-4730.
90. Snow, D. M., Watanabe, M., Letourneau, P. C., and Silver, J. 1991. A chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan may influence the direction of retinal ganglion cell outgrowth. Devl. 113:1473-1485.
91. Kater, S. B., and Rehder, V. 1995. The sensory-motor role of growth cone filopodia. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5:68-74.
92. Hess, D. T., Patterson, S. I., Smith, D. S., and Skene, J. H. P. 1993. Neuronal growth cone collapse and inhibition of protein fatty acylation by nitric oxide. Nature 366:562-565.