Processing pathways of the hepatitis C virus proteins

Journal of Hepatology, Supplement

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 11-19

  Lohmann, Volker ^a   Koch, Jan Oliver ^a   Bartenschlager, Ralf ^a  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hepatitis C virus; NS3 proteinase; NS4A cofactor; Polyprotein processing

Indexed keywords

METALLOPROTEINASE; PROTEINASE; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FLAVIVIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; RNA GENE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ENDOPEPTIDASES; GENOME, VIRAL; HEPACIVIRUS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS;

EID: 0029813908     PISSN: 01695185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (63)

1. Cuthbert JA. Hepatitis C: Progress and problem. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994: 7: 505-32.
2. Mast EE, Alter MJ. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis: an overview. Semin Virol 1993; 4: 273-83.
3. Shimotohno K. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan and its linkage to infection with hepatitis C virus. Semin Virol 1993; 4: 305-12.
4. Simmonds P, Alberti A, Alter HJ, Bonino F, Bradley DW, Brechot C, Bromver JT, Chan SW, Chayama K, Chen D-S, Choo Q-L, Colombo M, Cuypers HTM, Date T, Dusheiko GM, Esteban JI, Fay O, Hadziyannis SJ, Han J, Hatzakis A, Holmes EC, Hotta H, Houghton M, Irvine B, Kohara M, Kolberg JA, Kuo G, Lau JYN, Lelie PN, Maertens G, McOmish F, Miyamura T, Mizokami M, Nomoto A, Prince AM, Reesink H\V, Rice CM, Roggendorf M, Schalm S\V, Shikata T, Shimotohno K, Stuyver L, Trepo C, Weiner A, Yap PL, Ureda MS. A proposed system for the nomenclature of hepatitis C viral genotypes. Hepatology 1994; 19: 1321-4 (Letter).
5. Yoo BJ, Spaete RR, Geballe AP, Selby M, Houghton M, Han JH. 5' end-dependent translation initiation of hepatitis C viral RNA and the presence of putative positive and negative translational control elements within the 5' untranslated region. Virology 1992; 191: 889-99.
6. Tsukiyama-Kohara K, lizuka N, Kohara M, Nomoto A. Internal ribosome entry site within hepatitis C virus RNA. J Virol 1992; 66: 1476-83.
7. Wang C, Sarnow P, Siddiqui A. Translation of human hepatitis C virus RNA in cultured cells is mediated by an internal ribosome-binding mechanism. J Virol 1993; 67: 333844.
8. Han JH, Houghton M. Group specific sequences and conserved secondary structures at the 3' end of HCV genome and its implication for viral replication. Nucl Acids Res 1992; 20: 3520.
9. Chambers TJ, Hahn C, Galler R, Rice CM. Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol 1990; 44: 649-88.
10. Collett M. Molecular genetics of pestiviruses. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 15: 145-54.
11. Stark R, Meyers G, Rümenapf T, Thiel H-J. Processing of pestivirus polyprotein: cleavage between autoprotease and nucleocapsid protein of classical swine fever virus. J Virol 1993; 67: 7088-95.
12. Thiel H-J, Stark R, Weiland E, Rümenapf T, Meyers G. Hog cholera virus: molecular composition of virions from a pestivirus. J Virol 1991; 65: 4705-12.
13. Rümenapf T, Unger G, Strauss JH, Thiel HJ. Processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses. J Virol 1993; 67: 3288-94.
14. Duboisson J, Hsu HH, Cheung RC, Greenberg HB, Russell DG, Rice CM. Formation and intracellular localization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia and sindbis viruses. J Virol 1994; 68: 6147-60.
15. Francki RIB, Fauquet CM, Knudson DL, Brown F (eds.). Classification and nomenclature of viruses: Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Arch Virol 1991 (Suppl. 2): 223.
16. Hijikata M, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M. Gene mapping of the putative structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome by in vitro processing analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 5547-51.
17. Grakoui A, Wychowski C, Lin C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Expression and identification of hepatitis C virus polyprotein cleavage products. J Virol 1993; 67: 1385-95.
18. Tomei L, Failla C, Santolini E, deFrancesco R, LaMonica N. NS3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein. J Virol 1993; 67: 4017-26.
19. Hijikata M, Mizushima H, Tanji Y, Komoda Y, Hirowatari Y, Akagi T, Kalo N, Kimuran K, Shimotohno K. Proteolytic processing and membrane association of putative nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 10773-7.
20. Selby MJ, Choo QL, Berger K, Kuo G, Glazer E, Eckart M, Lee C, Chien D, Kuo C, Houghton M. Expression, identification and subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by the hepatitis C viral genome. J Gen Virol 1993; 74: 11 OS13.
21. Lin R, Lindenbach BD, Pragai BM, McCourt DW, Rice CM. Processing in the hepatitis C virus E2-NS2 region: identification of p7 and two distinct E2-specific products with different C termini. J Virol 1994; 68: 5063-73.
22. Mizushima H, Hijikata M, Asabe S-I, Hirota M, Kimura K, Shimotohno K. Two hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 products with different C termini. J Virol 1994; 68: 621522.
23. Selby MJ, Glazer E, Masiarz F, Houghton M. Complex processing and protein:protein interactions in the E2:NS2 region of HCV. Virology 1994; 204: 114-22.
24. Santolini E., Migliaccio G, La Monica N. Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol 1994; 68: 3631-41.
25. Ralston R., Thudium K, Berger K, Kuo C, Gervase B, Hall J, Selby M, Kuo G, Houghton M, Choo Q-L. Characterization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. J Virol 1993; 67: 6753-61.
26. Matsuura Y, Harada S, Suzuki R, Watanabe Y, Inoue Y, Saito I, Miyamura T. Expression of processed envelope protein of hepatitis C virus in mammalian and insect cells. J Virol 1992; 66: 1425-31.
27. Lanford RE, Notvall L, Chavez D, White R, Frenzel G, Simonsen C, Jungsuh K. Analysis of hepatitis C virus capsid, El, and E2/NS1 proteins expressed in insect cells. Virology 1993; 197: 225-35.
28. Kaito M, Watanabe S, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi Y, Konishi M, Yokoi M, Ishida S, Suzuki S, Kohara M. Hepatitis C virus particle detected by immunoelectron microscopic study. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 1755-60.
29. von Heinjne G. A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucl Acids Res 19986; 14: 4683-90.
30. Sato K, Okamoto H, Aihara S, Hoshi Y, Tanaka T, Mishiro S. Demonstration of sugar moiety on the surface of hepatitis C virions recovered from the circulation of infected humans. Virology 1993; 196: 354-7.
31. Grakoui A, McCourt DW, Wychowski C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. A second hepatitis C virus-encoded proteinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 10583-7.
32. Hijikata M, Mizushima H, Akagi T, Mon S, Kakiuchi N, Kato N, Tanaka T, Kimura K, Shimotohno K. Two distinct proteinase activities required for the processing of a putative nonstructural precursor protein of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 1993; 67: 4665-75.
33. Hirowatari Y, Hijikata M, Tanji Y, Nyunoya H, Mizushima H, Kimura K, Tanaka T, Kato N, Shimotohno K. Two proteinase activities in HCV polypeptide expressed in insect cells using baculovirus vector. Arch Virol 1993; 133: 349-56.
34. D'Souza EDA, O'Sullivan E, Amphlett EM, Rowlands DJ, Sangar DV, Clarke BE. Analysis of NS3-mediated processing of the hepatitis C virus non-structural region in vitro. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 3469-76.
35. Strauss JH, Strauss EG. The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication and evolution. Microbiol Rev 1994: 58: 491-562.
36. Grakoui A, McCourt DW, Wychowski C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Characterization of the hepatitis C virus-encoded serine proteinase: determination of proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavage sites. J Virol 1993; 67: 2832-43.
37. Bartenschlager R, Ahlborn-Laake L, Mous J, Jacobsen H. Nonstructural protein 3. of the hepatitis C virus encodes a serine-type proteinase required for cleavage at the NS3/4 and NS4/5 junctions. J Virol 1993; 67: 3835-44.
38. Eckart MR, Selby M, Masiarz F, Lee C, Berger K, Crawford K, Kuo C, Kuo G, Houghton M, Choo Q-L. The hepatitis C virus encodes a serine proteinase involved in processing of the putative nonstructural proteins from the viral polyprotein precursor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 192: 399406.
39. Manabe S, Fuke I, Tanishita O, Kaji C, Gomi Y, Yoshika S, Mori C, Takamizawa A, Yosida I, Okayama H. Production of nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus requires a putative viral protease encoded by NS3. Virology 1994; 198: 63644.
40. Pizzi E, Tramontano A, Tomei L, LaMonica N, Failla C, Sardana M, Wood T, De Francesco R. Molecular model of the specificity pocket of the hepatitis C virus protease: Implications for substrate recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 888-92.
41. Berger A, Schechter I. Mapping the active site of papain with the aid of peptide substrates and inhibitors. Phil Proc R Soc London B 1970; 257: 249-64.
42. Bartenschlager R, Ahlborn-Laake L, Yasargil K, Mous J, Jacobsen H. Substrate determinants for cleavage in eis and in trans by the hepatitis C virus NS3 proteinase. J Virol 1995; 69: 198-205.
43. Kolykhalov AA, Agapov EV, Rice CM. Specificity of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease: effects of substitutions at the 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B cleavage sites on polyprotein processing. J Virol 1994; 68: 7525-33.
44. Komoda Y, Hijikata M, Sato S, Asabe S-I, Kimura K, Shimotohno K. Substrate requirements of hepatitis C virus serine proteinase for intermolecular polypeptide cleavage in Escherichia coli. J Virol 1994; 68: 7351-7.
45. Leinbach SS, Bhat RA, Xia S-M, Hum W-T, Stauffer B, Davis AR, Hung PP, Mizutani S. Substrate specificity of the NS3 serine proteinase of hepatitis C virus as determined by mutagenesis at the NS3/NS4A junction. Virology 1994; 204: 163-9.
46. Tanji Y, Hijikata M, Hirowatari Y, Shimotohno K. Hepatitis C virus polyprotein processing: kinetic and mutagenic analysis of serine proteinase-dependent cleavage. J Virol 1994; 68: 8418-22.
47. Bartenschlager R, Ahlborn-Laake L, Mous J, Jacobsen H. Kinetic and structural analyses of hepatitis C virus polyprotein processing. J Virol 1994; 68: 5045-55.
48. Lin C, Pragai BM, Grakoui A, Xu J, Rice CM. Hepatitis C virus NS3 serine proteinase: trans-cleavage requirements and processing kinetics. J Virol 1994; 68: 8147-57.
49. Faila C, Tomei L, De Francesco R. Both NS3 and NS4A are required for proteolytic processing of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins. J Virol 1994; 68: 3753-60.
50. Tanji Y, Hijikata M, Satoh S, Kaneko T, Shimotohno K. Hepatitis C virus-encoded nonstructural protein NS4A has versatile functions in viral protein processing. J Virol 1995; 69: 1575-81.
51. Faila C, Tomei L, De Francesco R. An Amino-terminal domain of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease is essential for interaction with NS4A. J Virol 1995; 69: 1769-77.
52. Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V, Wilkinson T, Koch JO. Complex formation between the NS3 serine-type proteinase of the hepatitis C virus and NS4A and its importance for polyprotein maturation. J Virol 1995; 69: 7519-28.
53. Zhu X, Ohta Y, Jordan F, Inouye M. Pro-sequence of subtilisin can guide refolding of denatured subtilisin in an intermolecular process. Nature 1989; 339: 483t.
54. Baker D, Sohl JL, Agard DA. A protein-folding reaction under kinetic control. Nature 1992; 356: 263-5.
55. Silen JL, Agard DA. The a-lytic protease pro-region does not require a physical linkage to activate the protease domain in vivo. Nature 1989; 341: 462t.
56. Suzich JA, Tamura K, Palmer-Hill F, Warrener P, Grakoui A, Rice CM, Feinstone SM, Collett MS. Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein polynucleotide-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase and comparison with the related pestivirus and flavivirus enzymes. J Virol 1993; 67: 6152-8.
57. Amberg SM, Nestorowicz A, McCourt DW, Rice CM. NS2B-3 proteinase-mediated processing in the yellow fever virus structural region: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Virol 1994; 68: 3794-802.
58. Wiskerchen M, Collett MS. Pestivirus gene expression: protein p80 of bovine viral diarrhea virus is a proteinase involved in polyprotein processing. Virology 1991; 184: 341-50.
59. Choo Q-L, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989; 244: 359-62.
60. Rice CM, Lenches EM, Eddy SR, Shin SJ, Sheets RL, Strauss JH. Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution. Science 1985: 229: 726-33.
61. Collett MS, Larson R, Beizer SK, Retzel E. Proteins encoded by bovine viral diarrhea virus: the genomic organization of a pestivirus. Virology 1988; 165: 200-8.
62. Bazan JF, Fletterick RJ. Detection of a trypsin-like serine protease domain in flaviviruses and pestiviruses. Virology 1989; 171: 637-9.
63. Schägger H, von Jagow G. Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range of 1 to 100 kDa. Anal Biochem 1987; 166: 368-79.