New approaches to management of multiple myeloma

Acta Medica Austriaca

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 91-98

  Hajek R ^a   Vasova I ^a   Adam, Z ^a   Mayer, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BRNO   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

gene therapy; graft versus tumor effect; immunotherapy; minimal residual disease; multiple myeloma

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOTOXIN; INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 2; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; GENE THERAPY; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMAN; MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; REVIEW;

BONE MARROW PURGING; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0029810393     PISSN: 03038173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Adam Z, Vorlíček J, Králová E, et al: Terapie mnohocetného myelomu (Therapy of multiple myeloma). Press: Masaryk University Brno, 1993, pp 1-220.
2. Abubakr Y, Maki A, Mohammad R, et al: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to the bcl-2-JH region downregulate Bcl-2 expression and inhibit growth of follicular lymphoma cell line. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:419 (abstr 1332).
3. Ackerstein A, Kedar E, Slavin S: Use of recombinant human interleukin-2 in conduction with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice as a model for control of minimal residual disease in malignant hematological disorders. Blood 1991;77:1212.
4. Adler A, Chervenick PA, Whiteside TL, et al: Interleukin 2 induction of lymphocyte-activated killer (LAK) activity in the peripheral blood and bone bone marrow of acute leukemia patients. Feasibility of LAK generation in adults patients with active disease and in remission. Blood 1988;71:709.
5. Allay JA, Dumenco LL, Orner NK, et al: Retroviral transduction and expession of the human alkyltransferase cDNA provides nitrosurea resistance to hematopoietic cells. Blood 1995;85:3342-3351.
6. Anderson KC, Barut BA, Ritz J, et al: Monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy for multiple myeloma. Blood 1991;77:712-716.
7. Anderson KC, Andersen J, Soíffer R, et al: Monoclonal antibody-purged bone marrow transplantation therapy for multiple myeloma. Blood 1993;82:2568-2576.
8. Bakkus MHC, Heirman C, Van Riet I, et al: Evidence that multiple myeloma Ig heavy chain VDJ genes contain somatic mutations but show no intraclonal diversity. Blood 1992;80:2326.
9. Barlogie B, Jagannath S, Vesole D, Tricot G: Autologous and allogeneic transplants for multiple myeloma. Semin Oncol 1995;32:31-44.
10. Beaujean F, Bernaudin F, Kuentz M, et al: Succesful engraftment after autologous transplantation of 10-day cultured bone marrow activated by interleukin-2 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:691-696.
11. Billadeau D, Ouam L, Thomas W, et al: Detection and Quantilation of malignant cells in the peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients. Blood 1992;80:1818-1824.
12. Bird JM, Bloxham D, Samson D, et al: Molecular detection of clonally rearranged cells in peripheral blood progenitor cell harvests from multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 1994;88:110-116.
13. Brenner MK, Krance R, Heslop HE, et al: Assessment of the efficacy of purging by using gene marked autologous marrow transplantation for children with AML in first complete remission. Hum Gene Ther 1994;5:481-488.
14. Brenner M, Rill DR, Holladay MS, et al: Gene marking to determinate whether autologous marrow infusion restores long-term haemopoiesis in cancer patients. Lancet 1993;342:1134-1137.
15. Brenner M, Rill DR, Moen RC, et al: Gene marking to trace origin of relapse after autologous bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet 1993;341:85-86.
16. Bunjes D, Hertenstein B, Wiesneth M, et al: In vivo/ex vivo T-cell depletion reduces the morbidity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute leukaemias in first remission without increasing the risk of treatment failure: Comparison with cyclosporin/methotrexate. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:563-568.
17. Bunjes D, Theobald M, Hertenstein B, et al: Successful therapy with donor buffy coat transfusion in patients with relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation is associated with high frequencies of host-reactive interleukine 2-secreting T helper cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:713-719.
18. Butturini A, Gale RP:new strategies for T-cell depletion. Bone Marrow Transplant 1990;6:225.
19. Byers VS, Henslee PJ, Kernan NA, et al: Use of an anti-pan T-lymphocyte ricin A chain immunotixen in steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host-disease. Blood 1990;75:1426-1432.
20. Campana D, Pui CH: Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: Methodologic Advances and clinical significance. Blood 1995;85:1416-1434.
21. Champlin R, Ho W, Gajewski J, et al: Selective deletion of CDB-T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host-disease after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1990;76:418.
22. Corradini P, Voena C, Astolfi M, et al: High dose sequential chemoradiotherapy in multiple myeloma: Residual tumor cells are detectable in bone marrow and peripheral blood cell harvests and after autografting. Blood 1995;85:1596-1602.
23. Cuthbert RJG, Phillips GL, Barnett MJ, et al: Anti-interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibody (BT 563) in the treatment of severe acute GVHD refractory to systemic cortisteroids therapy. Bone Marrow Ther 1992;10:451-455.
24. Czuczman M, Grillo-López AJ, Saleh M, et al: Phase II clinical trial of IDEC-C2BB/CHOP combination therapy in low-grade lymphoma: preliminary results. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:401 (abstr 1261).
25. Deisseroth AB, Zu Z, Claxton D, et al: Genetic marking shows that Ph+ cells present in autologous transplants of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) contribute to relaps after autologous bone marrow in CLL. Blood 1994;83:3068-3076.
26. Domenech J, Linassier C, Gihana E, et al: Prolonged impairment of hematopoiesis after high-dose therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1995;85:3320-3327.
27. Dreyfus F, Rihrag V, Leblond V, et al: Detection of malignant B-cells in peripheral blood stem cell collections after chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:707-711.
28. Drobyski WR, Piaskowski V, Ash RC, et al: Preservation of lymphokine-activated killer activity following T-cell depletion of human bone marrow. Transplant 1990;50:625.
29. Dunbar CE, Cottler-Fox M, O'Shaughnessy JA, et al: Retrovirally marked CD34- enriched peripheral blood and bone marrow cells contribute to long-term engraftment after autologous transplantation. Blood 1995;85:3048-3057.
30. Butcher JP, Wiernik P: The role of recombinant interleukin-2 in therapy for hematologic malignancies. Sem Oncol 1993:20 (suppl 9): 33-40.
31. Fefer A, Benyunes MC: Interleukin-2 as consolidative immunotherapy after clinical autologous bone marrow transplantation, in Spitzer T, Mazumder A (eds): Immunotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Armonk/NY, Futura, 1995, pp 101-121.
32. Fefer A, Benyunes MC, Massumoto C, et al: Interleukin-2 therapy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies. Sem Oncol 1993;20 (suppl 9): 41-45.
33. Ferrara JLM, Deeg HJ: Graft-versus-host-disease. N Eng Med 1991;324:667-674.
34. Gazitt Y, Reading CHC, Hoffman R, et al: Purified CD34+ stem cells do not contain clonal myeloma cells. Blood 1995;86:381-389.
35. Gazitt Y, Reading C, Lee J-H, et al: Diferential peripheral blood mobilization of tumor and normal hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in multiple myeloma (MM). Blood 1995;84 (suppl. 1): 354a (abstr 1400).
36. Ghetie MA, Picker LJ, Richardson JA, et al: The anti-tumor activity of anti-CD-22-immunotoxines in SCID mice is enhanced by either an anti-CD19 antibody or an anti-CD19 immunotoxin. Blood 1992;80:2315.
37. Ghetie MA, Tucker K, Richardson JA, et al: The eradication of minimal disease in SCID mice with disseminated Daudi lymphoma using chemotherapy and an immunotoxin coctail. Blood 1994;84:702.
38. Gobbi M, Cavo M, Tazzari PL, et al: Autologous bone marrow transplantation with immunotoxin-purged marrow for advanced multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1989;51:176-181.
39. Goldmacher VS, Bourret LA, Levine BA, et al: Anti-CD38-hlocked ricin an immunotoxin for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood 1994;84:3017-3025.
40. Goldman JM, Gale RP, Horowitz MM, et al: Bone marrow transplantation of chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Increased risk of relapse associated with T-cell depletion. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:806.
41. Gottlieb DJ, Prentice HG, Metha AB, et al: Recombinant interleukin IL-2 in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1989;189 (abstr).
42. Gribben JG, Freedman AS, Neuberg D, et al: immunological purging of marrow assessed by PCR before autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1991;1325-1525.
43. Gribben J, Nadler LM: Monitoring minimal residual disease. Sem Oncol 1993;20 (suppl 5): 143-155.
44. Gribben JG, Saporito L, Barber M, et al: Bone marrows of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with a bcl-2 translocation can be purged of PCR detectable lymphoma cells using monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic bead depletion. Blood 1992;80:1083-1089.
45. Grimm EA, Mazumder A, Zhang HZ and Rosenberg SA: Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. Lysis of natural killer-resistant fresh solid tumor cells by interleukin-2 activated autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1982;155:1823-1841.
46. Grosshard ML, Fidias P, Bernstein ZP, et al: Phase II studies of anti-b4-blocked ricin (anti-b4-bR) in multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphotic leukemia (CLL). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:422 (abstr 1341).
47. Haas R, Witt B, Möhle R, et al: Sustained long-term hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell support. Blood 1995;85:3754-3761.
48. Hamilton MS, Ball J, Bromidge E, et al: Characterization of new IgG lambda myeloma plasma cell line (EJM): a further tool in the investigation of the biology of multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1990;75:378-384.
49. Harada H, Kawano MM, Huang N, et al: Phenotype difference of normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells. Blood 1993;81:2658-2634.
50. Healy LE, Nirsimloo N, Scott M, et al: In vitro proliferation by cells mobilized into the peripheral blood for collection and autologous transplantation. Exp Hematol 1994;22:1278-1282.
51. Horrowitz MM, Gale RP, Sondel PM, et al: Graft-versus leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1990;75:555.
52. Huang YW, Richardson JA, Vitetta ES: Anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) has anti-tumor activity in SCID mice with human myeloma cells. Cancer Res 1995;55:610-616.
53. Hwu P: The Gene Therapy of Cancer. Principles & Practice of Oncology. PPO updates 1995;9:1-13.
54. IDEC Pharmaceuticals corporate backgrounder. April 1995, pp 1-2.
55. Kennedy MJ, Hess AD, Passos-Coelho JL, et al: Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBSC) infusion do not inhibit the induction of autologous graft vs. host disease (AGVHD) by cyclosporine A (CSA). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:312 (abstr 915).
56. Klein B: Cytokine, cytokine receptors, transduction signals and oncogenes in human multiple myeloma. Sem Oncol 1995;32:4-19.
57. Klein B, Wijdenes J, Zhang X-G, et al: Murine anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for a patients with plasma cell leukemia. Blood 1991;78:1198-120.
58. Kinniburgh D, Russell NH: Comparative study of CD34-positive cells and subpopulations in human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12:489-495.
59. Klingemann HG, Barnett BM, Kuhr T, et al: Interferons as immunotherapeutic agens after marrow transplantation, in Spitzer T (ed): Immunotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Armonk/NY, Futura, 1995, pp 121-136.
60. Kolb HJ, Mittermüller J, Clemm Ch, et al: Donor leukocyte transfusion for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia in marrow patients. Blood 1990;76:2462.
61. Korngold R, Leighton C, Manser T, et al: Graft-versus-myeloid leukemia responses following syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1994;58:278-287.
62. Leelasiri A, Greer JP, Stein RS, et al: Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: comparison between cyclosporine methotrexate and cyclosporine-methotrexate metylprednisolone. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:401-405.
63. Leo R, Boeker M, Peest D, et al: Multiparameter analyses of normal and malignant human plasma cells. CD38+, CD56+, CD54+, clg+ is the common phenotype of myeloma cells. Ann Hematol 1992;64:132-136.
64. Levi Y, Tsapis A, Brouet J-C: Interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotides inhibit the growth of human myeloma cell lines. J Clin Invest 1991;88:696-699.
65. Ludwig H, Cohen AM, Polliac A, et al: Interferon alfa for induction and maintenance in multiple myeloma: Results of two multicenter randomized trials and summary of other studies. Ann Oncol 1995;6:467-476.
66. Mackinnon S: Current molecular strategies for assessing, diagnosis, minimal residual disease and prognosis in hematologic cancers. Education book. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:197-201.
67. Maloney DG, White C, Bodkin D, et al: Initial report on a phase I/II multiple dose clinical trial of IDEC-C2B8 (chimeric ANTI-CD20) in relapsed B cell lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13 (abstr 993).
68. Mayer J, Vorlíček J: Transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells of peripheral blood. Part 3. Vnitrní lékarstvi Praha, 1995;41:266-270.
69. Meehan KR, Verma UN, Rajagopal, et al: Stemm cell transplantation with high dose chemoradiatiotherapy and interleukin-2. 1995 (in press).
70. Merrouche Y, Negrier S, Bain Ch, et al: Clinical application of retroviral gene transfer in oncology: Results of a French study with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes transduced with the gene of resistance to neomycin. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:410-418.
71. Miyamura K, Barrett AJ, Kodera Y, Saito H: minimal residual disease for bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia and implications for graft-versus-leukemia effect: a review of recent results. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14:201-209.
72. Morecki S, Nabet C, Ackerstein A, et al: The effect of in vitro T lymphocyte depletion on generation of IL-2 activate cytotoxic cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991;9:269-272.
73. Nash R, Etzioni R, Storb R, et al: Tacrolimus (FK506) alone or in combination with methotrexate or methylprednisolone for the prevention of acute graf-versus-host-disease after marrow transplantation from HLA-matched siblings: a single-center study. Blood 1995;85:3746-3753.
74. Ossenkoppele GJ, Jonkhoff AR, Huijgens PC, et al: Peripheral blood progenitors mobilised by G-CSF (filgrastim) and reinfused as unprocessed autologous whole blood shorten the pancytopenic period following high-dose melphalan in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;13:37-41.
75. Osterborg A, Yi O, Bergenbrant S, et al: Idiotype-specific T-cells in multiple myeloma stage I: an evaluation by four different functional tests. Br J Haematol 1995;89:110-116.
76. Owen RG, Child JA, Rawson A, et al: Detection of contaminating cells in PBSC harvests and the efficacy of CD34 selection in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 1994;84 (suppl 1): 352a (abstr 1392).
77. Pastan I, Fitzgerald D: Pseudomonas exotoxines: Chimeric toxins. J Bioch Chem 1989;264:151-157.
78. Peest D, Leo R, Bloche S, et al: Low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy in advanced multiple myeloma. Br J Hematol 1995;89:328-337.
79. Phillips GL, Nevill TJ, Spinelli JJ, et al: Prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease following unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:213-219.
80. Pinto A, Gattei V, Sologo D, et al: New molecules burst at the leukocyte surface: A comprehensive review based on the 5th international workshop on leukocyte differentiation antigens. Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. Leukemia 1994;8:347-352.
81. Ratajczak MZ, Gewitz AM: The biology of hematopoietic stem cells. Sem Oncol 1995;22:210-217.
82. Reading C, Tricot G, Dietz I, et al: Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro assays of human stem cells. Exp Hematol 1994;22:786.
83. Reece DE, Barnett MJ, Connors JM, et al: Treatment of multiple myeloma with intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous BMT using marrow purged with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;11:139-146.
84. Rettig M, Hong C, Vescio R, et al: Reduction of tumor cells in multiple myeloma peripheral blood using a CD38 immunoadsorbation column. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:425 (abstr 1351).
85. Rhodes EG, Baker PK, Duguid JK, et al: A method for clinical purging of myeloma bone marrow using peanut agglutinin as an anti-plasma cell agent, in combination with CD19 monoclonal antibody. Bone Marrow Transplant 1992;10:485-489.
86. Rosenberg SA, Aebersold P, Cornetta K, et al: Gene transfer into humans-immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma, using tumor-infiltration lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transduction. N Engl J Med 1990;323:570-578.
87. Kowley SD, Davis JM: Purging techniques in autologous transplantation, in Areman EM, Deeg HJ, Sacher RA (eds): Bone marrow and stem cell processing: a manual of current techniques. Philadelphia, Davis, 1992, pp 218-286.
88. Sato N, Sawada K, Koizumi K, et al: In vitro expansion of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells. Blood 1993;82:3600-3609.
89. Sausville EA, Headlee D, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al: Continuos infusion of the Anti-CD22 immunotoxin Ig-RFB4-SMPT-dgA in patients with B-cell lymphoma: A phase I study. Blood 1995;85:3457-3465.
90. Schiller G, Vescio R, Freytes C, et al: Transplantation of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells aller high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Blood 1995;86:390-397.
91. Sharp JG, Joshi SS, Armitrage JO, et al: Significance of detection of occult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in histologically uninvolved bone marrow by culture technique. Blood 1992;79:1074.
92. Shima Y, Nishimoto N, Ogata A, et al: Myeloma cells express Fas antigen APO-1 (CD95) bul only some are sensitive to anti-Fas antibody resulting in apoptosis. Blood 1995;85:757-764.
93. Shimazaki C, Wisniewski D, Scheinberg DA, et al: Elimination of myeloma cells from bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies and magnetic beads. Blood 1988;72:1248-1254.
94. Slavin S: The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) phenomenon: Is GVL separable from GVHD? Bone Marrow Transplant 1990;6:155.
95. Sobol RE, Fakhrai H, Shawler DL, et al: Interleukin-2 gene therapy in a patients with glioblastoma. Gene Ther 1995;2:164-167.
96. Sohol RE, Scanlon KJ: Cancer gene therapy clinical trials. Cancer Gene Ther 1995;2:5-6.
97. Sorrentino BP, Brandt SJ, Bodine D, et al: Selection of drug-resistance bone marrow cell in vivo after retroviral transfer of human MDRI. Science 1992;257:99-101.
98. Srour EF, Brandt JE, Briddell RA, et al: Long-term generation and expansion of human primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Blood 1993;81:661-669.
99. Stevenson FK, Bell AJ, Cusack R, et al: Preliminary studies for an immunotherapeulic approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma using chimeric anti-CD38 antibody. Blood 1991;77:1071-1078.
100. Suzuki H, Yasukawa K, Saito T, et al: Anti-human interleukin-6 receptor antibody inhibits human myeloma growth in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1992;22:1989-1995.
101. Sykes M, Pearnson DA, GL Szot: IL-2 induced GVHD protection is not inhibited by cyclosporine and is maximal when IL-2 is given over a 25 h period beginning on the day following bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:395-399.
102. Tang SC. Hewitt KJ, Berinstein NM: Objective clinical responses in patients with recurrent low grade lymphoma treated with Campath1H monoclonal antibody. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:399 (abstr 1255).
103. Terstappen LWMM, Johnsen S, Sergers-Nolten IMJ, Loken MR: Identification and characterization of plasma cells in normal human bone marrow by high resolution flow cylometry. Blood 1990;76:1739-1744.
104. Theoblad M: Allorecognition and graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:489-498.
105. Togawa A, Sawada S, Amano M, et al: Treatment of multiple myeloma with LAK cells plus interleukin 2 or interleukin 2 alone. SO-Rinsho Ketsueki 1989;30:650-658.
106. Tolstoshev P: Gene therapy, concepts, current trials and future directions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1993;32:573-596.
107. Tomei LD, Cope FO: Apoptosis II. The Molecular Basis of Apoptosis on Disease. Current Communication in Cell & Molecular Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1994, pp 1-350.
108. Tong AW, Lee JC, Fay JW, et al: Elimination of clonogenic stem cells from human multiple myeloma cell lines by a plasma cell-reactive monoclonal antibody and complement. Blood 1987;70:1482-1489.
109. Tricot G, Jagannath S, Vesole D, et al: Peripheral blood stem cell transplants for multiple myeloma: Identification of favorable variables for rapid engraftment in 225 patients. Blood 1995;85:588-596.
110. Truitt RL, Atasoylu AA: Impact of pretransplant conditioning and donor T-cells on chimerism, graft-vs-host disease, graft-vs-leukemia reactivity, and tolerance alter bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1991;77:2515.
111. Truitt RL, Atasoylu AA: Contribution of CD4+ and CDB- T-cells to graft-vs-host disease and graft-vs-leukemia reactivity after transplantation of MHC-compatible bone marrow. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991;8:51.
112. Truitt RL, Horowitz MH, Atasoylu AA, et al: Graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Clinical and experimental aspects of late leukemia relapse, in Stewart THM, Wheelock EF (eds): Cellular Immune Mechanism and Tumor Dormancy. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1992, pp 111-128.
113. Ushiyama Ch, Hirano T, Miyajima H, et al: Anti-IL-4 antibody prevents graft-versus-host disease in mice alter bone marrow transplantation. The IgE allotype is an important marker of graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol 1995;154:2687-2696.
114. Vandenvelde C, Scheen R, Fondu P, Van Beers D: Fast PCR-based quantitative detection of B-cell malignancies. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 1991;33:25-29.
115. Van Epps DE, Bender J, Smith S, et al: Controlled expansion and maturation of immunoselected stem cells for clinical use. 2th Int. Symp. Autograft. Genova, CML, 1994, pp 26-27 and S6-S7.
116. Verma UN, Areman E, Dickerson, et al: Interleukin-2 activation of chemotherapy and growth factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells for generation of cytotoxic effector. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995;15:199-206.
117. Verma UN, Bagg A, Brown E and Mazumder A: Interleukin-2 activation of human bone marrow in long-term cultures: an effective strategy for purging and generation of anti-tumor cytotoxic effector. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;13:115-123.
118. Verma UN, Charak B, Rajagopal C, Mazumder A: Interleukin-2 in bone marrow transplantation, in Buckner CD: Technical and biological component of marrow transplantation. Boston, Kluwer, 1995, pp 315-336.
119. Vescio RA, Cao J, Hong CH, et al. Somatic hypermutation of VH genes in multiple myeloma is unaccompanied by intraclonal diversity. Blood 1993;82 (suppl): 259a (abstr).
120. Vesole DH, Barlogie B, Jagannath S, et al: High-dose therapy for refractory multiple myeloma: improved prognosis with better supportive care and double transplants. Blood 1994;84:950-956.
121. Vesole D, Tricot G, Jagannath S, et al: Induction of graft-versus-myeloma (GVM) effect following allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1994;84 (suppl): 331a (abstr 1311).
122. Vitetta LS, Thorpe PE: Immunotoxines, in de Vita V, Hellman S, Rosenberg S (eds): Biological Therapy of Cancer: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1991.
123. Vooijs WC, Schuurman HJ, Bast EJEG, and Gast GC: Evaluation of CD38 as target for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 1995;85:2282-2283.
124. Vourka-Karussis U'Karussis D, Ackerstein A, Skavin S: Enhancement of GVL effect with rhlL-2 following BMT in a murine model for acute myeloid leukemia in SJL/J mice. Exp Hematol 1995;23:196-201.
125. Weisdorf D, Filipovich A, McGlave P, et al: Combination graft-versus-host-disease prophlaxis using immunotoxin (anti-CD5-RTA (Xomazyme-CD5) plus methotrexate and cyclosporine or prednisone after unrelated donor marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12:531-536.
126. Westendorf JJ, Lammert JM, Jelinek DF: Expression and function of Fas (APO-1/CD95) in patient myeloma cells and myeloma cell lines. Blood 1995;85:3566-3576.
127. Widmer L, Pichert G, Jost LM, et al: Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ selected hematopoietic progenitors may results in expansion of the malignant clone in patients with a t(14; 18) translocation carrying non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:313 (abstr 918).
128. Williams DP, Parker K, Bacha P, et al: Diphteria toxin receptor domain substitution with interleukin 2: Genetic construction and properties of diphtheria toxin-related interleukin 2 fusion protein. Prot Eng 1989;1:493.
129. Witzig TE, Gertz MA, Lust JA, et al: Serial studies of peripheral blood myeloma cells in patients with multiple myeloma: When is the optimal time for stem cell harvest? Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:320 (abstr 945).
130. Yankelevich B, Brown E, Mazumder A, et al: Prevention of acute graft-versus host disease by treatment with a novel immunosupressant. J Immunol 1995;154:3611-3617.
131. Zhang WW, Fujiwara EA, Roth JA: Advanced in cancer gene therapy, in August JT (ed): Advanced in Pharmacology Academic Press 1995;32:291-341.