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P. Maroteaux and M. Lamy, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 191, 715 (1965); P. Maroteaux, Presse Med. 22, 1635 (1993); J. B. Frey, Nature Genet. 10, 128 (1995).
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P. Maroteaux and M. Lamy, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 191, 715 (1965); P. Maroteaux, Presse Med. 22, 1635 (1993); J. B. Frey, Nature Genet. 10, 128 (1995).
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Frey, J.B.1
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9544248054
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note
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Cathepsin S exons 2 to 5 were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced by cycle sequencing by means of an ABI 377 sequencer. For analysis of the remaining coding region, total lymphoblast RNA was extracted (RNazol, Tel Test) and first-strand cDNA was synthesized with the use of an oligo(dT) primer (Gibco BRL). Cathepsin S cDNA nucleotides 631 to 1231 were amplified with gene-specific primers. Sequence comparisons were carried out with the Auto Assembler software package (Applied Biosystems).
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13
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0026630108
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G.-P. Shi, J. S. Munger, J. P. Meara, D. H. Rich, H. A. Chapman, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 7258 (1992).
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Shi, G.-P.1
Munger, J.S.2
Meara, J.P.3
Rich, D.H.4
Chapman, H.A.5
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14
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9544232032
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note
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The R113W substitution in the cathepsin S gene was assessed in genomic DNA by amplification of a 150-base pair product containing exon 4 and the adjacent intron 4 sequence with the use of antisense (5′-GCATTTAAAGAGCTCTACCTAGGGTT-3′) and sense (5′-CAGAGAAATATCACATATAAGTCAAACCCCAAT-3′) primers; the latter introduced a T-to-C change (underlined) that created a Mun I restriction site in the allele with the sequence variation. The amplified product was isolated (Qiagen), digested, and analyzed on a 2% agarose gel.
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15
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0028673153
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Cathepsin S enzymatic activity was assayed in lymphoblast lysates by fluorometry with the substrate Z-Val-Val-Arg-NHMec (Bachen Feinchemikalien AG, Bubendorf, Switzerland) after inactivation of cathepsins B, L, and H at 40°C [H. Kirschke and B. Wiederanders, Methods Enzymol. 244, 500 (1994)]. Enzymatic activity of the control lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A, was determined by fluorometry [ D. F. Bishop and R. J. Desnick, J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1307 (1982)].
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(1994)
Methods Enzymol.
, vol.244
, pp. 500
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Kirschke, H.1
Wiederanders, B.2
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16
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0019404867
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Cathepsin S enzymatic activity was assayed in lymphoblast lysates by fluorometry with the substrate Z-Val-Val-Arg-NHMec (Bachen Feinchemikalien AG, Bubendorf, Switzerland) after inactivation of cathepsins B, L, and H at 40°C [H. Kirschke and B. Wiederanders, Methods Enzymol. 244, 500 (1994)]. Enzymatic activity of the control lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A, was determined by fluorometry [ D. F. Bishop and R. J. Desnick, J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1307 (1982)].
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(1982)
J. Biol. Chem.
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Bishop, D.F.1
Desnick, R.J.2
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17
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0028835637
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G.-P. Shi et al., FEBS Lett. 357, 129 (1995); D. Bromme and K. Okamoto, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 379 (1995); K. Tezuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1106 (1994); T. Inaoka, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 89 (1995); Y.-P. Li et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1197 (1995). Cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) was also designated cathepsin OC2, cathepsin X, cathepsin O, and cathepsin O2 by the above investigators who originally and independently identified this gene.
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(1995)
FEBS Lett.
, vol.357
, pp. 129
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Shi, G.-P.1
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18
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0029310512
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G.-P. Shi et al., FEBS Lett. 357, 129 (1995); D. Bromme and K. Okamoto, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 379 (1995); K. Tezuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1106 (1994); T. Inaoka, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 89 (1995); Y.-P. Li et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1197 (1995). Cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) was also designated cathepsin OC2, cathepsin X, cathepsin O, and cathepsin O2 by the above investigators who originally and independently identified this gene.
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(1995)
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
, vol.376
, pp. 379
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Bromme, D.1
Okamoto, K.2
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19
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0028123480
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G.-P. Shi et al., FEBS Lett. 357, 129 (1995); D. Bromme and K. Okamoto, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 379 (1995); K. Tezuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1106 (1994); T. Inaoka, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 89 (1995); Y.-P. Li et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1197 (1995). Cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) was also designated cathepsin OC2, cathepsin X, cathepsin O, and cathepsin O2 by the above investigators who originally and independently identified this gene.
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(1994)
J. Biol. Chem.
, vol.269
, pp. 1106
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Tezuka, K.1
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20
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0028831635
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G.-P. Shi et al., FEBS Lett. 357, 129 (1995); D. Bromme and K. Okamoto, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 379 (1995); K. Tezuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1106 (1994); T. Inaoka, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 89 (1995); Y.-P. Li et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1197 (1995). Cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) was also designated cathepsin OC2, cathepsin X, cathepsin O, and cathepsin O2 by the above investigators who originally and independently identified this gene.
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(1995)
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
, vol.206
, pp. 89
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Inaoka, T.1
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21
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0029097802
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G.-P. Shi et al., FEBS Lett. 357, 129 (1995); D. Bromme and K. Okamoto, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 379 (1995); K. Tezuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1106 (1994); T. Inaoka, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 89 (1995); Y.-P. Li et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1197 (1995). Cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) was also designated cathepsin OC2, cathepsin X, cathepsin O, and cathepsin O2 by the above investigators who originally and independently identified this gene.
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(1995)
J. Bone Miner. Res.
, vol.10
, pp. 1197
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Li, Y.-P.1
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22
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9544239707
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note
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Cathepsin K cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from Pycno lymphoblast total RNA. For PCR amplification, cathepsin K sense and antisense primers corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (5′-GCCGCAATCCCGATGGA-3′ and 5′-CCTTGAGGATATTGAAGGGAACTTAG-3′, respectively) were synthesized. Nested sense and antisense PCR primers (5′-CCCCTGATGGTGTGCCCCA-3′ and 5′-CCCTTCCAAAGTGCATCGTTACACT-3′, respectively) were used to reamplify the cathepsin K cDNA from the initial PCR product. Products were isolated and cycle-sequenced in both orientations.
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23
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9544233884
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note
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We assayed the putative cathepsin K mutation in the affected Israeli Arab Pycno patients in family members and in unrelated normal Arab individuals by amplifying nucleotides 998 to 1170 from genomic DNA using flanking primers (5′-GGGGAGAAAACTGGGGAAACA-3′ and the antisense primer from the nested PCR) and then digesting with Hinf I (New England Biolabs).
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24
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0027407911
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H. C. Dietz et al. Science 259, 680 (1993).
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(1993)
Science
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Dietz, H.C.1
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0027171520
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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Blair, H.C.1
Schlesinger, P.H.2
Ross, F.P.3
Teielbaum, S.L.4
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26
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0028329432
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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(1994)
Histochemistry
, vol.101
, pp. 33
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Goto, T.1
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27
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0029057849
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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Calcif. Tissue Int.
, vol.56
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Debari, K.1
Sasaki, T.2
Udagawa, N.3
Rifkin, B.R.4
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28
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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Beersten, W.2
Schroder, R.3
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0026544215
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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Everts, V.1
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30
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H. C. Blair, P. H. Schlesinger, F. P. Ross, S. L. Teielbaum, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 294, 7 (1993); T. Goto, Histochemistry 101, 33 (1994); K. Debari, T. Sasaki, N. Udagawa, B. R. Rifkin, Calcif. Tissue Int. 56, 566 (1995); V. Everts, W. Beersten, R. Schroder, ibid. 43, 172 (1988); V. Everts et al. J. Cell. Physiol. 150, 221 (1992); H. Kakegawa et al., FEBS Lett. 321, 247 (1993).
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FEBS Lett.
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Kakegawa, H.1
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35
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9544226800
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note
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We thank J. Zhang for technical assistance; P. Maroteaux and D. Wilson for providing access to the Moroccan and American Pycno families, respectively; and S. J. Weiss for assistance in preparing cathepsin K antibodies. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants 5R37 DK34045 and R01 DK31775 (to R.J.D.) and R01 HL44816 (to H.A.C.), a grant from the National Center for Research Resources for the Mount Sinai General Clinical Research Center (5 M01 RR00071), a Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Award from the March of Dimes (B.D.G.), an American Heart Association grant-in-aid (B.D.G.), a grant for the Mount Sinai Child Health Research Center (5 P30 HD 28822), and the Mount Sinai Children's Center Fund.
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