The secretory pathway of protists: Spatial and functional organization and evolution

Microbiological Reviews

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 697-721

  Becker, Burkhard ^a   Melkonian, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APICOMPLEXA; BIOGENESIS; CELL SECRETION; CILIATE; EVOLUTION; FLAGELLATE; GREEN ALGA; KINETOPLAST; LEISHMANIA; MAMMAL; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SPOROGENESIS; TRYPANOSOMA; YEAST;

ALGAE; ALVEOLATA; APICOMPLEXA; CHLOROPHYTA; CILIOPHORA; DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; EUKARYOTA; GIARDIA INTESTINALIS; KINETOPLASTIDA; MAMMALIA; MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES); MYXOGASTRIA; PROTISTA; TRYPANOSOMA;

EID: 0029808891     PISSN: 01460749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.60.4.697-721.1996     Document Type: Review

References (337)

1. Adair, W. S., and W. J. Snell. 1990. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell wall: structure, biochemistry and molecular biology, p. 15-84. In W. S. Adair and M. Mecham (ed.). Organization and assembly of plant and animal extracellular matrix. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
2. Adam, R. D. 1991. The biology of Giardia spp. Microbiol. Rev. 55:706-732.
3. Adoutte, A., N. Gareau de Loubresse, and J. Beisson. 1984. Proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the crystalline secretion products of Paramecium. J. Mol. Biol. 180:1065-1082.
4. Allan, D., and K.-J. Kallen. 1994. Is plasma membrane lipid composition defined in the exocytic or the endocylic pathway? Trends Cell Biol. 4:350-353.
5. Allan, V. 1995. Membrane traffic motors. FEBS Lett. 369:101-106.
6. Allen, R. D., and A. K. Fok. 1993. Nonclathrin vesicle coats and filament networks in the transition zone and trans-Golgi region of the Golgi complex of Paramecium. J. Struct. Biol. 110:215-226.
7. Allen, R. D., C. C. Schroeder, and A. K. Fok. 1989. Intracellular binding of wheat germ agglutinin by Golgi complexes, phagosomes, and lysosomes of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 37:195-202.
8. Amatayakul-Chantler, S., M. A. J. Ferguson, R. A. Dwek, T. W. Rademacher, R. B. Parekh, I. E. Crandall, and P. C. Newell. 1991. Cell surface oligosaccharides on Dictyostelium during development. J. Cell Sci. 99:485-495.
9. Anderson, R. G., and L. Orci. 1988. A view of acidic intracellular compartments. J. Cell Biol. 106:539-543.
10. Aridor, M., S. I. Bannykh, T. Rowe, and W. E. Balch. 1995. Sequential coupling between COPII and COPI vesicle coats in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. J. Cell Biol. 131:875-893.
11. Babia, T., J. W. Kok, M. Van der Haar, R. Kalicharan, and D. Hoekstra. 1994. Transport of biosynthetic sphingolipids from Golgi to plasma membrane in HT29 cells: involvement of different carrier vesicle populations. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 63:172-181.
12. Balch, W. E., W. G. Dunphy, W. A. Braell, and J. E. Rothman. 1984. Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the Golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine. Cell 39:405-416.
13. Balch, W. E., and M. G. Farquhar. 1995. Beyond bulk flow. Trends Cell Biol. 5:16-19.
14. Balshüsemann, D., and L. Jaenicke. 1990. The oligosaccharides of the glycoprotein pheromone of Volvox carteri f. nagariensis Iyengar (Chlorophyceae). Eur. J. Biochem. 192:231-237.
15. Banfield, D. K., M. J. Lewis, and H. R. B. Pelham. 1995. A SNARE-like protein required for traffic through the Golgi complex. Nature (London) 375:806-809.
16. Bangs, J. D., N. W. Andrews, G. W. Hart, and P. T. Englund. 1986. Posttranslational modification and intracellular transport of a trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. J. Cell Biol. 103:255-263.
17. Bangs, J. D., D. Hereld. L. Krakow, G. W. Hart, and P. T. Englund. 1985. Rapid processing of the carboxy terminus of a trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 182:3207-3211.
18. Bangs, J. D., L. Uyetake, M. J. Brinckman, A. E. Balber, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1993. Molecular cloning and cellular localization of a BiP homologue in Trypanosoma brucei. Divergent ER retention signals in a lower eukaryote. J. Cell Sci. 105:1101-1113.
19. Banting, G., J. Benting, and K. Lingelbach. 1995. A minimalist view of the secretory pathway in Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Cell Biol. 5:340-343.
20. Bar-Peled, M., A. Da Silva Conceiçao, L. Frigerio, and N. V. Raikhel. 1995. Expression and regulation of aERD2, a gene encoding the KDEL receptor homolog in plants, and other genes encoding proteins involved in ER-Golgi vesicular trafficking. Plant Cell 7:667-676.
21. Bassham, D. C., and N. V. Raikhel. 1996. Transport proteins in the plasma membrane and the secretory system. Trends Plant Sci. 1:15-20.
22. Becker, B., B. Bölinger, and M. Melkonian. 1995. Anterograde transport of algal scales through the Golgi complex is not mediated by vesicles. Trends Cell Biol. 5:305-307.
23. Becker, B., B. Marin, and M. Melkonian. 1994. Structure, composition and biogenesis of prasinophyte cell coverings. Protoplasma 181:233-244.
24. Becker, B., and M. Melkonian. 1995. Intra-Golgi transport mediated by vesicles? Bot. Acta 108:172-173.
25. Becker, B., L. Perasso, A. Kammann, M. Salzburg, and M. Melkonian. 1996. Scale-associated glycoproteins of Scherffelia dubia (Chlorophyta) form high-molecular-weight complexes between the scale layers and the flagellar membrane. Planta 191:503-510.
26. Becker, D., and M. Melkonian. 1992. N-linked glycoproteins associated with flagellar scales in a flagellate green alga: characterization of interactions. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 57:109-116.
27. Beckers, C. J. M., and W. E. Balch. 1989. Calcium and GTP: essential components in vesicular trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Biol. 108:1245-1256.
28. Beckers, C. J. M., M. R. Block, B. S. Click, J. E. Rothman, and W. E. Balch. 1989. Vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stack requires the NEM-sensitive fusion protein. Nature (London) 339: 397-398.
29. Beh, C. T., and M. D. Rose. 1995. Two redundant systems maintain levels of resident proteins within the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9820-9823.
30. Bennett, M. K. 1995. SNAREs and the specificity of transport vesicle targeting. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:581-586.
31. Beranger, F., H. Paterson, S. Powers, J. De Gunzburg, and J. F. Hancock. 1994. The effector domain of Rab6, plus a highly hydrophobic C terminus, is required for Golgi apparatus localization. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:744-758.
32. Bockman, D. E., and W. B. Winborn. 1968. Electron microscopic localization of exogenous ferritin within vacuoles of Giardia muris. J. Protozool. 15:26-30.
33. Boguski, M. S., and F. McCormick. 1993. Proteins regulating ras and its relatives. Nature (London) 366:643-654.
34. Boman, A. L., and R. A. Kahn. 1995. Arf proteins: the membrane traffic police. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:147-150.
35. Boose, J. A., and E. J. Henderson. 1991. Conditional intercellular cohesion in a Dictyostelium discoideum mutant which is temperature sensitive for correct processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 1:295-305.
36. Boothroyd, J. C., C. A. Paynter, G. A. M. Cross, A. Bernards, and P. Borst. 1981. Variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei synthesized with cleavable hydrophobic sequences at the carboxy and amino termini. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:4735-4743.
37. Bretscher, M. S., and S. Munro. 1993. Cholesterol and the Golgi apparatus. Science 261:1280-1281.
38. Brickman, M. J., and A. E. Balber. 1994. Transport of a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein from the Golgi to endosomes and lysosomes via the cell surface in African trypanosomes. J. Cell Sci. 107:3191-3200.
39. Brown, R. M., Jr. 1971. Movement of the protoplast and function of the Golgi-apparatus in the algae. Publ. Wiss. Film Sekt. Biol. 7:361.
40. Brown, R. M., Jr. 1974. The Golgi apparatus and endomembrane system: its role in the biosynthesis, transport and secretion of wall constituents in Pleurochrysis. Port. Acta Biol. 14:369-384.
41. Brown, R. M., Jr., and D. K. Romanovicz. 1976. Biogenesis and structure of Golgi-derived cellulosic scales in Pleurochrysis. I. Role of the endomembrane system in scale assembly and exocytosis. Appl. Polymer Symp. 28: 537-585.
42. Brown, W. J., D. B. DeWald, S. D. Emr, H. Plutner, and W. E. Balch. 1995. Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the sorting and transport of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes in mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 130:781-796.
43. Browning, D. D., M. B. Poludnikiewicz, G. A. Proteau, and D. H. O'Day. 1993. The regulation of GTP-binding proteins during fertilization and zygote differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp. Cell Res. 205:240-245.
44. Busch, G. R., and B. D. Salir. 1989. The secretory vesicle in living Paramecium is acidic. J. Cell Sci. 92:197-204.
45. Bush, J., K. Franek, J. Daniel, G. B. Spiegelman, G. Weeks, and J. Cardelli. 1993. Cloning and characterization of five novel Dictyostelium discoideum rab-related genes. Gene 136:55-60.
46. +-ATPases in reticular membranes of the contractile vacuole complex and in lysosomes. J. Cell Sci. 107: 2801-2812.
47. Bush, J. M., D. L. Ebert, and J. A. Cardelli. 1990. Alterations to N-linked oligosaccharides which affect intracellular transport rates and regulated secretion but not sorting of lysosomal acid phosphatase in Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 283:158-166.
48. Canning, E. U. 1990. Phylum Microspora, p. 53-72. In L. Margulis. J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of protoctista. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
49. Cardelli, J. A., J. M. Bush, D. Ebert, and H. H. Freeze. 1990. Sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides affect secretion but are not essential for the transport, proteolytic processing, and sorting of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 265:8847-8853.
50. Cardelli, J. A., and R. L. Dimond. 1988. Transport and targeting of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum, p. 363-399. In R. Das and P. Robbins (ed.). Protein transfer and organelle biosynthesis. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando. Fla.
51. Cardelli, J. A., J. M. Richardson, and D. Miears. 1989. Role of acidic intracellular compartments in the biosynthesis of Dictyostelium lysosomal enzymes: the weak bases ammonium chloride and chloroquine differentially affect proteolytic processing and sorting. J. Biol. Chem. 254:3454-3463.
52. Cavalier-Smith, T. 1988. Eukaryote cell evolution, p. 203-223. In W. Greuter and B. Zimmer (ed.), Proceedings of the XIV International Botanical Congress. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany.
53. Cavalier-Smith, T. 1991. The evolution of cells, p. 271-304. In S. Osawa and T. Honjo (ed.). Evolution of life-fossils, molecules, and culture. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo.
54. Cavalier-Smith, T. 1993. Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiol. Rev. 57:953-994.
55. Chan, R. L., M. Keller, J. Canaday, J.-H. Weil, and P. Imbault. 1990. Eight small subunits of Euglena ribulose 1-5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are translated from a large mRNA as a polyprotein. EMBO J. 9:333-338.
56. Chavrier, P., J. P. Gorvel, E. Stelzer, K. Simons, J. Gruenberg, and M. Zerial. 1991. Hypervariable C-terminal domain of rab proteins acts as a targeting signal. Nature (London) 353:769-772.
57. Chavrier, P., R. G. Parton, H. P. Hauri, K. Simons, and M. Zerial. 1990. Localization of low molecular weight GTP binding proteins to exocytic and endocytic compartments. Cell 62:317-329.
58. Cladaras, M. H., and A. Kaplan. 1984. Maturation of α-mannosidase in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 259:14165-14169.
59. Clayton, C., T. Häusler, and J. Blattner. 1995. Protein trafficking in kinetoplastid protozoa. Microbiol. Rev. 59:324-344.
60. Cole, N. B., J. Ellenberg, J. Song, and J. Lippincott-Schwartz. 1995. Evidence for recycling of Golgi resident proteins through the ER. Mol. Biol. Cell 6(Suppl.):329. (Abstract.)
61. Cole, N. B., and J. Lippincott-Schwartz. 1995. Organization of organelles and membrane traffic by microtubules. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:55-64.
62. Conibear, E., and T. H. Stevens. 1995. Vacuolar biogenesis in yeast: sorting out the sorting proteins. Cell 83:513-516.
63. Coukell, M. B., A. M. Cameron, and N. R. Adames. 1992. Involvement of intracellular calcium in protein secretion in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell Sci. 103:371-380.
64. Crary, J. L., and K. Haldar. 1992. Brefeldin A inhibits protein secretion and parasite maturation in the ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 53:185-192.
65. Cross, G. A. M. 1984. Structure of the variant glycoproteins and surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 307:3-12.
66. Cross, G. A. M. 1987. Eukaryotic protein modification and membrane attachment via phosphatidylinositol. Cell 48:179-181.
67. Dahms, N. M., P. Lobel, and S. Kornfeld. 1989. Mannose 6-phosphate receptors and lysosomal protein targeting. J. Biol. Chem. 264:12115-12118.
68. Dairman, M., N. Donofrio, and D. S. Domozych. 1995. The effects of brefeldin A upon the Golgi apparatus of the green algal flagellate. Gloeomonas kupfferi. J. Exp. Bot. 46:181-186.
69. Das, A., H. G. Elmendorf, W. I. Li, and K. Haldar. 1994. Biosynthesis, export and processing of a 45 kDa protein detected in membrane clefts of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem. J. 302:487-496.
70. Davidson, H. W. 1995. Wortmannin causes mistargeting of procathepsin D. Evidence for the involvement of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vesicular transport to lysosomes. J. Cell Biol. 130:797-805.
71. Davidson, H. W., C. H. McGowan, and W. E. Balch. 1992. Evidence for the regulation of exocytic transport by protein phosphorylation. J. Cell Biol. 116:1343-1355.
72. Davis, S. J. 1988. Oligosaccharide heterogeneity of glycoproteins sulfated during the vegetative growth of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell. Biochem. 38:77-86.
73. de Duve, C. 1990. The primitive phagocyte, p. 511-514. In P. Nardon, V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, A. M. Grenier, L. Margulis, and D. C. Smith (ed.), Endocytobiology IV. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris.
74. De Mattels, M. A., G. Santini, R. A. Kahn, G. Di Tullio, and A. Luini. 1993. Receptor and protein kinase C-mediated regulation of ARF binding to the Golgi complex. Nature (London) 364:818-821.
75. Denecke, J., M. H. S. Goldman, J. Demoler, J. Seurinck, and J. Botterman. 1991. The tobacco luminal binding protein is encoded by a a multigene family. Plant Cell 3:1025-1035.
76. D'Enfert, C., M. Gensse, and C. Gaillardin. 1992. Fission yeast and a plant have functional homologues of the Sari and Sec12 proteins involved in ER to Golgi traffic in budding yeast. EMBO J. 11:4205-4211.
77. Denning, G. M., and A. B. Fulton. 1989. Purification and characterization of clathrin-coated vesicles from Chlamydomonas. J. Protozool. 36:334-340.
78. Descoteaux, A., Y. Luo, S. J. Turco, and S. M. Beverley. 1995. A specialized pathway affecting virulence glycoconjugates of Leishmania. Science 269: 1869-1872.
79. de Vries, K. J., A. A. J. Heinrichs, E. Cunningham, F. Brunink, J. Westerman, P. J. Somerharju, S. Cockcroft, K. W. A. Wirtz, and G. T. Snoek. 1995. An isoform of the phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein transfers sphingomyelin and is associated with the Golgi system. Biochem. J. 310:643-649.
80. Dieckmann-Schuppert, A., S. Bender, M. Odenthal-Schnittler, E. Bause. and R. T. Schwarz. 1992. Apparent lack of N-glycosylation in the asexual intraerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum. Eur. J. Biochem. 205: 815-825.
81. Dietmaier, W., S. Fabry, H. Huber, and R. Schmitt. 1995. Analysis of a family of ypt genes and their products from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Gene 158:41-50.
82. Domozych, D. S. 1986. The role of cations in dictyosomal integrity, processing and secretion in the scale-producing alga, Pyramimonas. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. 18:567-576.
83. Domozych, D. S. 1987. An experimental analysis of the dictyosome in the green alga, Tetraselmis convolutae. J. Exp. Bot. 38:1399-1411.
84. Domozych, D. S. 1989. The endomembrane system and mechanisms of membrane flow in the green alga, Gloeomonas kupfferi (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). I. An ultrastructural analysis. Protoplasma 149:95-107.
85. Domozych, D. S. 1989. The endomembrane system and mechanisms of membrane flow in the green alga, Gheomonas kupfferi (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). II. A cytochemical analysis. Protoplasma 149:108-119.
86. Domozych, D. S. 1991. The Golgi apparatus and membrane trafficking in green algae. Int. Rev. Cytol. 131:213-253.
87. Domozych, D. S., and M. Dairman. 1993. Synthesis of the inner cell wall layer of the chlamydomonad flagellate, Gloeomonas kupfferi. Protoplasma 176:1-13.
88. Domozych, D. S., and T. J. Korbusieski. 1985. The disruption of dictyosome structure, polarity and secretory activity in the scale-producing green alga, Pyramimonas inconstans. J. Exp. Bot. 36:1304-1312.
89. Domozych, D. S., K. R. Mattox, and K. D. Stewart. 1981. In vivo cell wall ontogenesis in unicellular chlorophycean flagellates. 2. Golgi apparatus activation, extracellular assembly and internal cellular controls. Cytobios 32:167-178.
90. Domozych, D. S., B. Wells, and P. J. Shaw. 1992. Scale biogenesis in the green alga, Mesostigma viride. Protoplasma 167:19-32.
91. Donaldson, J. G., D. Finazzi, and R. D. Klausner. 1993. Brefeldin A inhibits Golgi membrane-catalyzed exchange of guanine nucleotide onto ARF protein. Nature (London) 360:350-352.
92. Donaldson, J. G., R. A. Kahn, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, and R. D. Klausner. 1991. Binding of ARF and β-COP to Golgi membranes: possible regulation by a trimeric G protein. Science 254:1197-1199.
93. Duden, R., G. Griffiths, R. Frank, P. Argos, and T. E. Kreis. 1991. β-COP, a 110 kD protein associated with non-clathrin-coated vesicles and the Golgi complex, shows homology to β-adaptin. Cell 64:649-665.
94. Dunphy, W. G., R. Brands, and J. E. Rothman. 1985. Attachment of terminal n-acetylglucosamine to asparagine-linked oligosaccharides occurs in central cisternae of the Golgi stack. Cell 40:463-472.
95. Duszenko, M., I. E. Ivanov, M. A. J. Ferguson, H. Plesken, and G. A. M. Cross. 1988. Intracellular transport of a variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Biol. 106:77-86.
96. Duszenko, M., and A. Seyfang. 1993. Intracellular transport of variant surface glycoproteins in trypanosomes. Adv. Cell Mol. Biol. Membr. 2:227-258.
97. Dutcher, S. K., and W. Gibbons. 1988. Isolation and characterization of dominant tunicamycin resistance mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol. 24:230-236.
98. Dyer, D. 1990. Phylum Zoomastigina, class Parabasalia, p. 252-257. In L. Margulis, J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman (ed.), Handbook of protoctista. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
99. Ebert, D. L., J. M. Bush, R. L. Dimond, and J. A. Cardelli. 1989. Biogenesis of lysosomal enzymes in the α-glucosidase II-deficient modA mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum: retention of α-1,3-linked glucose on N-linked oligosaccharides delays intracellular transport but does not alter sorting of α-mannosidase or β-glucosidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 273:479-490.
100. Elazar, Z., T. Mayer, and J. E. Rothman. 1994. Removal of Rab GTP-binding proteins from Golgi membranes by GDP dissociation inhibitor inhibits inter-cisternal transport in the Golgi stacks. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 794-797.
101. Elmendorf, H. G., J. D. Bangs, and K. Haldar. 1992. Synthesis and secretion of proteins by released malarial parasites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 52:215-230.
102. Elmendorf, H. G., and K. Haldar. 1993. Secretory transport in Plasmodium. Parasitol. Today 9:98-102.
103. Elmendorf, H. G., and K. Haldar. 1993. Identification and localization of ERD2 in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: separation from sites of sphingomyelin synthesis and implications for organization of the Golgi. EMBO J. 12:4763-4773.
104. Elmendorf, H. G., and K. Haldar. 1994. Plasmodium falciparum exports the Golgi marker sphingomyelin synthase into a tubovesicular network in the cytoplasm of mature erythrocytes. J. Cell Biol. 124:449-462.
105. Erdos, G. W., and C. M. West. 1989. Formation and organization of the spore coat of Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp. Mycol. 13:169-182.
106. Esteve, J.-C. 1972. E'appareil de Golgi des ciliés. Ultrastructure, particulièrement chez Paramecium. J. Protozool. 19:609-618.
107. Faber, W. W., Jr., and H. R. Preisig. 1994. Calcified structures and calcification in protists. Protoplasma 181:78-105.
108. Fabry, S., A. Jacobsen, H. Huber. K. Palme, and R. Schmitt. 1993. Structure, expression, and phylogenetic relationships of a family of ypt genes encoding small G-proteins in the green alga Volvox carteri. Curr. Genet. 24:229-240.
109. Fabry, S., N. Nass, H. Huber, K. Palme, L. Jaenicke, and R. Schmitt. 1992. The yptV1 gene encodes a small G-protein in the green alga Volvox carteri: gene structure and properties of the gene product. Gene 118:153-162.
110. Farquhar, M. G., and G. E. Palade. 1981. The Golgi-apparatus (complex) (1954-1981) - from artefact to center stage. J. Cell Biol. 91:77s-103s.
111. Feely, D. E., and J. K. Dyer. 1987. Localization of acid phosphatase activity in Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris trophozoites. J. Protozool. 34:80-83.
112. Feely, D. E., S. L. Larson, and D. G. Chase. 1984. Structure of the trophozoite and the cyst, p. 3-31. In S. L. Erlandsen and E. A. Meyer (ed.), Giardia and giardiasis: biology, pathogenesis and epidemiology. Plenum Press. New York.
113. Ferguson, M. A. J., M. Duszenko, G. S. Lamont, P. Overath, and G. A. M. Cross. 1985. Biosynthesis of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoproteins: N-glycolysation and addition of a novel glycan-phosphoinositol membrane anchor. J. Biol. Chem. 261:356-362.
114. Ferro-Novick, S., and R. Jahn. 1994. Vesicle fusion from yeast to man. Nature (London) 370:191-193.
115. Fraga, D., and R. D. Hinrichsen. 1994. The identification of a complex family of low-molecular-weight GTP binding protein homologues from Paramecium tetraurelia by PCR cloning. Gene 147:145-148.
116. Freeze, H. H. 1985. Mannose 6-sulfate is present in the N-linked oligosaccharides of lysosomal enzymes of Dictyostelium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 243:690-693.
117. Freeze, H. H. 1986. Modifications of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 72:47-65.
118. Freeze, H. H., and D. Wolgast. 1986. Biosynthesis of methylphospho-mannosyl residues of Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 261:135-141.
119. Friend, D. S. 1966. The fine structure of Giardia muris. J. Cell Biol. 29: 317-332.
120. Funk, V. A., A. Jardim, and R. W. Olafson. 1994. An investigation into the significance of the N-linked oligosaccharides of Leishmania gp63. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 63:23-35.
121. Gabel, C. A., C. E. Costello, V. N. Reinhold, L. Kurtz, and S. Kornfeld. 1984. Identification of methylphosphomannosyl residues as components of the high mannose oligosaccharides of Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 259:13762-13769.
122. Garofalo, R. S., and B. H. Satir. 1984. Paramecium secretory content: quantitative studies on in vitro expansion and its regulation by calcium and pH. J. Cell Biol. 99:224-234.
123. Gareau de Loubresse, N. 1993. Early steps of the secretory pathway in Paramecium: ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and genetic analysis of trichocyst biogenesis. Adv. Cell Mol. Biol. Membr. 2:27-59.
124. Gareau de Loubresse, N., M.-C. Gautier, and L. Sperling. 1994. Immature secretory granules are not acidic in Paramecium: implications for sorting to the regulated pathway. Biol. Cell. 82:139-147.
125. Gaut, J. R., and L. M. Hendershot. 1993. The modification and assembly of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:589-595.
126. Gautier, M.-C., N. G. de Loubresse, L. Madeddu, and L. Sperling. 1994. (Evidence for defects in membrane traffic in Paramecium secretory mutants unable to produce functional storage granules. J. Cell Biol. 124:893-902.
127. Gibbs, S. P. 1978. The chloroplasts of Euglena may have evolved from symbiotic green algae. Can. J. Bot. 56:2883-2889.
128. Gilligan, D. M., and B. H. Satir. 1982. Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and stimulus-secretion coupling in wild type and mutant Paramecium. J. Biol. Chem. 257:13903-13906.
129. Gilligan, D. M., and B. H. Satir. 1983. Stimulation and inhibition of secretion in Paramecium: role of divalent cations. J. Cell Biol. 97:224-234.
130. Gillin, F. D., P. Hagblom, J. Harwood, S. B. Aley, D. S. Reiner, M. McCaffrey, M. So, and D. G. Guiney. 1990. Isolation and expression of the gene for a major surface protein of Giardia lamblia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:4463-4467.
131. Gillin, F. D., D. S. Reiner, M. Gault, H. Douglas, S. Das, A. Wunderlich, and J. Sauch. 1987. Encystation and expression of cyst antigens by Giardia lamblia in vitro. Science 235:1040-1043.
132. Glary, D. O., I. C. Griff, and J. E. Rothman. 1990. SNAPs, a family of NSF attachment proteins involved in intracellular membrane fusion in animals and yeast. Cell 61:709-721.
133. Glas-Albrecht, R., B. Kaesberg, G. Knoll, K. Allmann, R. Pape, and H. Plattner. 1991. Synchronised secretory organelle docking in Paramecium. Saltatory movement along microtubules transiently formed from ciliary basal bodies and selective exclusion of microinjected heterologous organelles. J. Cell Sci. 100:45-54.
134. Gleeson, P. A., R. D. Teasdale, and J. Burke. 1994. Targeting of proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Glycoconjugate J. 11:381-394.
135. Grab, D. J., S. Ito, U. A. K. Kara, and L. Rovis. 1984. Glycosyltransferase activities in Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum fractions isolated from African trypanosomes. J. Cell Biol. 99:569-577.
136. Graham, T. R., and S. D. Emr. 1991. Compartmental organization of Golgi-specific protein modification and vacuolar protein sorting events defined in a yeast sec18 (NSF) mutant. J. Cell Biol. 114:207-218.
137. Grassé, P. P. 1925. Vacuome et appareil de Golgi des Euglènes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 181:482-484.
138. Grief, C., and P. J. Shaw. 1987. Assembly of cell-wall glycoproteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: oligosaccharides are added in medial and trans Golgi compartments. Planta 171:302-312.
139. Griffiths, G., R. W. Doms, T. Mayhew, and J. Lucocq. 1995. The hulk-flow hypothesis: not quite the end. Trends Cell Biol. 5:9-19.
140. Gruber, H. E., and B. Rosario. 1979. Ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus and contractile vacuole in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cytologia 44:505-526.
141. Gruenberg, J., and T. E. Kreis. 1995. Membranes and sorting. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:519-522.
142. Grunow, A., B. Becker, and M. Melkonian. 1993. Isolation and characterization of the Golgi apparatus from a flagellate scaly green alga. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 61:10-20.
143. Gumpel, N. J., and S. Purton. 1994. Playing tag with Chlamydomonas. Trends Cell Biol. 4:299-301.
144. Günther, R., E. Bause, and L. Jaenicke. 1987. UDP-L-arabinose-hydroxyproline-O-glycosyltransferases in Volvox carteri. FEBS Lett. 221:293-298.
145. Gupta, R. S., K. Aitken, M. Falah, and B. Singh. 1994. Cloning of the Giardia lamblia heat shock protein HSP70 homologs: implications regarding origin of eucaryotic cells and of endoplasmic reticulum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2895-2899.
146. Haizel, T., T. Merkle, F. Turck, and F. Nagy. 1995. Characterization of membrane-bound small GTP-binding proteins from Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Physiol. 108:59-67.
147. Hall, R. P. 1930. Osmiophilic inclusions similar to Golgi apparatus in the flagellates Chromulina, Chilomonas and Astasia. Arch. Protistenkd. 69:7-22.
148. Harris, S., and M. G. Waters. 1995. A yeast early Golgi protein is localized via recycling. Mol. Biol. Cell 6(Suppl.):123. (Abstract.)
149. Hausmann, K. 1978. Extrusive organelles in protists. Int. Rev. Cytol. 52: 197-276.
150. Hausmann, K., A. K. Fok, and R. D. Allen. 1988. Immunocytochemical analysis of trichocyst structure in Paramecium. J. Ultrastruct. Mol. Struct. Res. 99:213-225.
151. Helms, J. B., D. J. Palmer, and J. E. Rothman. 1993. Two distinct populations of ARF bound to Golgi membranes. J. Cell Biol. 121:751-760.
152. Helms, J. B., and J. E. Rothman. 1993. Inhibition by brefeldin A of a Golgi membrane enzyme that catalyses exchange of guanine nucleotide bound to ARF. Nature (London) 360:352-354.
153. Hinterberg, K, A. Scherf, J. Gysin, T. Toyoshima, M. Aikawa, J.-C. Mazie, L. P. da Silva, and D. Mattei. 1994. Plasmodium falciparum: the Pf332 antigen is secreted from the parasite by a brefeldin A-dependent pathway and is translocated to the erythrocyte membrane via the Maurer's clefts. Exp. Parasitol. 79:279-291.
154. Hoe, M. H., P. Slusarewicz, T. Misteli, R. Watson, and G. Warren. 1995. Evidence for recycling of the resident medial/trans Golgi enzyme. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, in ld1D cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270:25057-25063.
155. Höftberger, M., T. Url, and U. Meindl. 1995. Disturbance of the secretory pathway in Micrasterias denticulata by tunicamycin and cyclopiazonic acid. Protoplasma 189:173-179.
156. Hohmann, H. P., S. Bozzaro, M. Yoshida, R. Merkl, and G. Gerisch. 1987. Two-step glycosylation of the contact site A protein of Dictyostelium discoideum and transport of an incompletely glycosylated form to the cell surface. J. Biol. Chem. 262:16618-16624.
157. Horazdovsky, B. G., D. DeWald, and S. D. Emr. 1995. Protein transport to the yeast vacuole. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:544-551.
158. Howard, R. J. 1981. Ultrustructural analysis of hyphal tip cell growth in fungi: Spitzenkörner, cytoskeleton and endomembranes after freeze-substitution. J. Cell Sci. 48:223-229.
159. Hummel, R., P. Norgaard, P. H. Andreasen, S. Neve, K. Skjodt, D. Tornehave, and K. Kristiansen. 1992. Tetrahymena gene encodes a protein that is homologous with the liver-specific F-antigen and associated with membranes of the Golgi apparatus and transport vesicles. J. Mol. Biol. 228:850-861.
160. Hünseler, P., G. Schneidgen-Kleyboldt, and A. Tiedtke. 1987. Isolation and characterization of a mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila blocked in secretion of lysosomal enzymes. J. Cell Sci. 88:47-55.
161. Hünseler, P., A. Tiedtke, and K. von Figura. 1988. Biosynthesis of secreted β-hexosaminidase in Tetrahymena thermophila. Biochem. J. 252:837-842.
162. Ikonen, E., M. Tagaya, O. Ullrich, C. Montecucco, and K. Simons. 1995. Different requirements for NSF, SNAP, and Rab proteins in apical and basolateral transport in MDCK cells. Cell 81:571-580.
163. Ilg, T., P. Overath, M. A. J. Ferguson, T. Rutherford, D. G. Campbell, and M. J. McConville. 1994. O- and N-glycosylation of the Leishmania mexicana-secreted acid phosphatase. Characterization of a new class of phosphoserine-linked glycans. J. Biol. Chem. 269:24073-24081.
164. Itin, C., F. Kappeler, A. D. Linstedt, and H.-P. Hauri. 1995. A novel endocytosis signal related to the KKXX ER-retrieval signal. EMBO J. 14:2250-2256.
165. Ivatt, R. L., O. P. Das, E. J. Henderson, and P. W. Robbins. 1984. Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Dictyostelium discoideum: developmental regulation of the protein-linked glycans. Cell 38:561-567.
166. Kahn, R. A., F. G. Kern, J. Clark, E. P. Gelmann, and C. Rulka. 1991. Human ADP-ribosylation factors. J. Biol. Chem. 266:2606-2614.
167. Kaushal, G. P., and A. D. Elbein. 1989. Glycoprotein processing enzymes of plants. Methods Enzymol. 179:452-478.
168. Kiyosue, T., and K. Shinozaki. 1995. Cloning of a carrot cDNA for a member of the family of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and characterization of the bindings of nucleotides by its product after expression in E. coli. Plant Cell Physiol. 36:849-856.
169. Kornfeld, S., and I. Mellman. 1989. The biogenesis of the lysosome. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 5:483-525.
170. Krijnse-Locker, J., M. Ericsson, P. J. M. Rottier, and G. Griffiths. 1994. Characterization of the budding compartment of mouse hepatitis virus: evidence that transport from the RER to the Golgi complex requires only one vesicular transport step. J. Cell Biol. 124:55-70.
171. Ktistakis, N. T., H. A. Brown, P. C. Sternweis, and M. G. Roth. 1995. Phospholipase D is present on Golgi-enriched membranes and its activation by ADP ribosylation factor is sensitive to brefeldin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4952-4956.
172. Kuliawat, R., and P. Arvan. 1994. Distinct molecular mechanisms for protein sorting within immature secretory granules of pancreatic beta-cells. J. Cell Biol. 126:77-86.
173. Kumar, N., G. Koski, M. Harada, M. Aikawa, and H. Zheng. 1991. Induction and localization of Plasmodium falciparum stress proteins related to the heat shock protein 70 family. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 48:47-58.
174. Kumar, N., and H. Zheng. 1992. Nucleotide sequence of a Plasmodium falciparum stress protein with similarity to mammalian 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 56:353-356.
175. Kurz, S., and A. Tiedtke. 1993. The Golgi apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila. J. Protozool. 40:10-13.
176. Labriola, C., J. J. Cazzulo, and A. J. Parodi. 1995. Retention of glucose units added by the UDP-GLC:glycoprotein glycosyltransferase delays exit of glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Biol. 130:771-779.
177. Lacoste, C. H., H. H. Freeze, J. A. Jones, and A. Kaplan. 1989. Characteristics of the sulfation of N-linked oligosaccharides in vesicles from Dictyostelium discoideum: in vitro sulfation of lysosomal enzymes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 273:505-515.
178. Ladinsky, M. S., J. R. Kremer, P. S. Furcinitti, J. R. McIntosh, and K. E. Howell. 1994. HVEM tomography of the trans-Golgi network: structural insights and identification of a lace-like vesicle coat. J. Cell Biol. 127:29-38.
179. Langreth, S. G., J. B. Jensen, R. T. Reese, and W. Trager. 1978. Fine structure of human malaria in vitro. J. Protozool. 25:443-452.
180. Larsson, C., I. M. Moller, and S. Widell. 1990. Introduction to the plant plasma membrane - Its molecular composition and organization, p. 1-13. In C. Larsson and I. M. Moller (ed.), The plant plasma membrane. Springer-Verlag. KG, Berlin.
181. Latterich, M., K.-U. Fröhlich, and R. Schekman. 1995. Membrane fusion and the cell cycle: Cdc48p participates in the fusion of ER membranes. Cell 82:885-893.
182. Leadbeater, B. S. C. 1994. Cell coverings, p. 23-46. In J. C. Green and B. S. C. Leadbeater (ed.). The haptophyte algae. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
183. Lebas, M., and M. Axelos. 1994. A cDNA encoding a new GTP-binding protein of the ADP-ribosylation factor family from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 106:809-810.
184. Lee, F.-J. S., J. Moss, and M. Vaughan. 1992. Human and Giardia ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) complete ARF function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 267:24441-24445.
185. Lehtonen, J. 1983. Action of cytochalasin B on cytoplasmic streaming and morphogenesis in Micrasterias torreyi (Conjugatophyceae). Nord. J. Bot. 3:521-531.
186. Lenhard, J. M., A. Siegel, and S. J. Free. 1989. Developing Dictyostelium cells contain the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase in a secretory granule. J. Cell Biol. 109:2761-2769.
187. Letourneur, F., E. C. Gaynor, S. Hennecke, C. Démollière, R. Duden, S. D. Emr, H. Riezman, and P. Cosson. 1994. Coatamer is essential for retrieval of dilysine-tagged proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 79:1199-1207.
188. Li, W., G.-A. Keller, and K. Haldar. 1995. Recognition of a 170 kD protein in mammalian Golgi complexes by an antibody against malarial intraerythrocytic lamellae. Tissue Cell 27:355-367.
189. Lindmark, D. G. 1988. Giardia lamblia: localization of hydrolase activities in lysosome-like organelles of trophozoites. Exp. Parasitol. 65:141-147.
190. Liu, X., and K.-P. Chang. 1992. The 63-kilobase circular amplicon of tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania amazonensis contains a functional N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene that can be used as a dominant selectable marker in transfection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4112-4122.
191. Lobel, P., K. Fujimoto, R. D. Ye, G. Griffiths, and S. Kornfeld. 1989. Mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of the 275 kD mannose 6-phosphate ceptor differentially alter lysosomal enzyme sorting and endocytosis. Cell 57:787-796.
192. Lobo-Da-Cunha, A., and C. Azevedo. 1993. The Golgi apparatus of the ciliated protozoon Ichtyophthirius multifiliis. Eur. J. Protistol. 30:97-103.
193. Luján, H. D., A. Marotta, M. R. Mowatt, A. Sciaky, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, and T. E. Nash. 1995. Developmental induction of Golgi structure and function in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 4612-4618.
194. Lumpert, C. J., R. Glas-Albrecht, E. Eisenmann, and H. Plattner. 1992. Secretory organelles of Paramecium cells (trichocysts) are not remarkably acidic compartments. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40:153-160.
195. Lussier, M., A. M. Sdicu, T. Ketela, and H. Bussey. 1995. Localization and targeting of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kre2p/Mnt1p α1,2-mannosyltransferase to a medial-Golgi compartment. J. Cell Biol. 131:913-927.
196. Luzio, J. P., and G. Banting. 1993. Eukaryotic membrane traffic: retrieval and retention mechanisms to achieve organelle residence. Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:395-398.
197. Machamer, C. E. 1991. Golgi retention signals: do membranes hold the key? Trends Cell Biol. 1:141-144.
198. Madeddu, L., M.-C. Gautier, L. Vayssié, A. Houari, and L. Sperling. 1995. A large multigene family codes for the polypeptides of the crystalline trichocyst matrix in Paramecium. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:649-659.
199. Malhotra, V., L. Orci, B. S. Glick, M. R. Block, and J. E. Rothman. 1988. Role of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive transport component in promoting fusion of transport vesicles with cisternae of the Golgi stack. Cell 54:221-227.
200. Mallabiabarrena, A., M. A. Jiménez, M. Rico, and B. Alarcón. 1995. A tyrosine-containing motif mediates ER retention of CD3-E and adopts a helix-turn structure. EMBO J. 14:2257-2268.
201. Manning, P., S. L. Erlandsen, and E. L. Jarroll. 1992. Carbohydrate and amino acid analysis of Giardia muris cysts. J. Protozool. 39:290-296.
202. Manton, I. 1966. Observations on scale production in Pyramimonas amylifera Conrad. J. Cell Sci. 1:429-438.
203. Marsh, M. E. 1994. Polyanion-mediated mineralization - assembly and reorganization of acidic polysaccharides in the Golgi system of a cocclithophorid alga during mineral deposition. Protoplasma 177:108-122.
204. Matsuda, Y., K. Sakamoto, T. Mizuochi, A. Kobata, G. Tamura, and Y. Tsubo. 1981. Mating type specific inhibition of gametic differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by tunicamycin. Plant Cell Physiol. 22:1607-1611.
205. McCaffery, J. M., G. M. Faubert, and F. D. Gillin. 1994. Giardia lamblia: traffic of a trophozoite variant surface protein and a major cyst wall epitope during growth, encystation and antigenic switching. Exp. Parasitol. 79:236-249.
206. McCaffery, J. M., and F. D. Gillin. 1994. Giardia lamblia: ultrastructural basis of protein transport during growth and encystation. Exp. Parasitol. 79:220-235.
207. McFadden, G. I., and M. Melkonian. 1986. Golgi apparatus activity and membrane flow during scale biogenesis in the green flagellate Scherffelia dubia (Prasinophyceae). I. Flagellar regeneration. Protoplasma 130:186-198.
208. Meindl, U. 1993. Micrasterias cells as a model system for research on morphogenesis. Microbiol. Rev. 57:415-433.
209. Meindl, U., S. Lancelle, and P. K. Hepler. 1992. Vesicle production and fusion during lobe formation in Micrasterias visualized by high-pressure freeze fixation. Protoplasma 170:104-114.
210. Melancon, P., B. S. Glick, V. Malhotra, P. J. Weidman, T. Serafini, M. L. Gleason, L. Orci, and J. E. Rothman. 1987. Involvement of GTP-binding "G" proteins in transport through the Golgi stack. Cell 51:1053-1062.
211. Melkonian, M., B. Becker, and D. Becker. 1991. Scale formation in algae. J. Electron Microsc. Techn. 17:165-178.
212. Memon, A. R., R. Kawazoe, X. Zhang, D. L. Herrin, and G. A. Thompson, Jr. 1995. Low molecular mass GTP-binding proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild type and a wall-less strain. Characterization and comparison with GTP-binding proteins of Dunaliella salina. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 33:225-234.
213. Moestrup, Ø., and H. A. Thomsen. 1974. An ultrastructural study of the flagellate Pyramimonas orientalis with particular emphasis on Golgi apparatus activity and the flagellar apparatus. Protoplasma 81:247-269.
214. Moestrup, Ø., and P. L. Walne. 1979. Studies on scale morphogenesis in the Golgi apparatus of Pyramimonas tetrarhynchus (Prasinophyceae). J. Cell Sci. 36:437-459.
215. Mollenhauer, H. H., D. J. Morré, and L. D. Rowe. 1990. Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin: mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Biomembr. 1031:225-246.
216. Momayezi, M., A. W. Habermann, J. J. Sokolova, R. Kissmehl, and H. Planner. 1993. Ultrastructural and antigenic preservation of a delicate structure by cryopreparation: identification and immunogold localization during biogenesis of a secretory component (membrane-matrix connection) in Paramecium trichocysts. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41:1669-1677.
217. Morré, D. J., and H. H. Mollenhauer. 1974. The endomembrane concept: a functional integration of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, p. -137. In A. W. Rohards (ed.). Dynamic aspects of plant ultrastructure. McGraw-Hill Book Co., London.
218. Munro, S. 1995. An investigation of the role of transmembrane domains in Golgi protein retention. EMBO J. 14:4695-4704.
219. Murtagh, J. J., Jr., M. R. Mowatt, C.-M. Lee, F.-J. Scott Lee, K. Mishima, T. E. Nash, J. Moss, and M. Vaughan. 1992. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. Isolation of a gene encoding an ≃20-kDa ADP-ribosylation factor. J. Biol. Chem. 267:9654-9662.
220. Nakamura, K., and K. Matsuoka. 1993. Protein targeting to the vacuole in plant cells. Plant Physiol. 101:1-5.
221. Nath, V., and G. P. Dutta. 1962. Cytochemistry of protozoa, with particular reference to the Golgi apparatus and the mitochondria. Int. Rev. Cytol. 13:323-355.
222. Ng, K., E. Handman, and A. Bacic. 1994. Biosynthesis of lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major: characterization of (β1-3)-galactosyltransferase(s). Glycobiology 4:845-853.
223. Nilsson, T., M. H. Hoe, P. Slusarewicz, C. Rabouille, R. Watson, F. Hunte, G. Watzele, E. G. Berger, and G. Warren. 1994. Kin recognition between medial Golgi enzymes in HeLa cells. EMBO J. 13:562-574.
224. Nilsson, T., M. Pypaert, M. H. Hoe, P. Slusarewicz, E. G. Berger, and G. Warren. 1993. Overlapping distribution of two glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus of HeLa cells. J. Cell Biol. 120:5-13.
225. Nilsson, T., P. Slusarewicz, M. H. Hoe, and G. Warren. 1993. Kin recognition: a model for the retention of Golgi enzymes. FEBS Lett. 330:1-4.
226. Noguchi, T., and D. J. Morré. 1991. Vesicular membrane transfer between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of a green alga. Micrasterias americana. A 16°C block and reconstitution in a cell-free system. Protoplasma 162:128-139.
227. Novick, P., and P. Brennwald. 1993. Friends and family: the role of the Rab GTPases in vesicular traffic. Cell 75:597-601.
228. O'Halloran, T. J., and R. G. W. Anderson. 1992. Characterization of the clathrin heavy chain from Dictyostelium discoideum. DNA Cell Biol. 11: 321-330.
229. Ogun, S. A., and A. A. Holder. 1994. Plasmodium yoelii: brefeldin A-sensitive processing of proteins targeted to the rhoptries. Exp. Parasitol. 79:270-278.
230. Ohashi, M., K. J. de Vries, R. Frank, G. Snoek, V. Bankaitis, K. Wirtz, and W. B. Huttner. 1995. A role for phosphatidylinositol transfer protein in secretory vesicle formation. Nature (London) 377:544-547.
231. Ohno, H., J. Stewart, M.-C. Furnier, H. Bosshart, I. Rhee, S. Miyatake, T. Saito, A. Gallusser, T. Kirchhausen, and J. S. Bonifacino. 1995. Interaction of the tyrosine-based signals with clathrin-associated proteins. Science 269: 1872-1874.
232. Orci, L., D. J. Palmer, M. Amherdt, and J. E. Rothman. 1993. Coated vesicle assembly in the Golgi requires only coatomer and ARF proteins from the cytosol. Nature (London) 364:732-734.
233. Orci, L., D. J. Palmer, M. Ravazzola, A. Perrelet, M. Amherdt, and J. E. Rothman. 1993. Budding from Golgi membranes requires the coatomer complex of non-clathrin coat proteins. Nature (London) 362:648-652.
234. Orci, L., M. Tagaya, M. Amherdt, A. Perrelet, J. G. Donaldson, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, R. D. Klausner, and J. E. Rothman. 1991. Brefeldin A, a drug that blocks secretion, prevents the assembly of non-clathrin-coated buds on Golgi cisternae. Cell 64:1183-1195.
235. Orias, E., M. Flacks, and B. H. Satir. 1983. Isolation and ultrastructural characterization of secretory mutants of Tetrahymena. J. Cell Sci. 64:49-67.
236. Osafune, T., J. A. Schiff, and E. Hase. 1990. Immunogold localization of LHCP II apoprotein in the Golgi of Euglena. Cell Struct. Funct. 15:99-105.
237. Osafune, T., J. A. Schiff, and E. Hase. 1991. Stage-dependent localization of LHCP II apoprotein in the Golgi of synchronized cells of Euglena gracilis by immunogold electron microscopy. Exp. Cell Res. 193:320-330.
238. Ossig, R., W. Laufer, H. D. Schmitt, and D. Gallwitz. 1995. Functionality and specific membrane localization of transport GTPases carrying C-terminal membrane anchors of synaptobrevin-like proteins. EMBO J. 14: 3645-3653.
239. Padh, H., J. Ha, M. Lavasa, and T. L. Steck. 1993. A post-lysosomal compartment in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 268:6742-6747.
240. Paquet, M. R., S. R. Pfeffer, J. D. Burczak, B. S. Glick, and J. E. Rothman. 1986. Components responsible for transport between successive Golgi cisternae are highly conserved in evolution. J. Biol. Chem. 261:4367-4370.
241. Parodi, A. J. 1993. N-Glycosylation in trypanosomatid protozoa. Glycobiology 3:193-199.
242. Pearse, B. M. F., and M. S. Robinson. 1990. Clathrin, adaptors, and sorting. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:151-171.
243. Peck, R. K. Personal communication.
244. Peck, R. K., B. Swiderski, and A.-M. Tourmel. 1993. Secretory organelle biogenesis: trichocyst formation in a ciliated protozoan. Biol. Cell 77:277-287.
245. Pelham, H. R. B. 1995. Sorting and retrieval between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:530-535.
246. Peterson, J. B. 1991. Small GTP-binding proteins associated with secretory vesicles of Paramecium. J. Protozool. 38:495-501.
247. Pfeffer, S. R. 1994. Rab GTPases: master regulators of membrane trafficking. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6:522-526.
248. Pingel, S., and M. Duszenko. 1992. Identification of two distinct galactosyltransferase activities acting on the variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei. Biochem. J. 283:479-185.
249. Piper, R. C., X. Xu, D. G. Russell, B. M. Little, and S. M. Landfear. 1995. Differential targeting of two glucose transporters from Leishmania enriettii is mediated by an NH2-terminal domain. J. Cell Biol. 128:499-508.
250. Plattner, H. 1993. Membrane traffic in protozoa. Adv. Cell Mol. Biol. Membr. 2:1.
251. Plattner, H., C. J. Lumpert, G. Knoll, R. Kissmehl, B. Höhne, M. Momayezi, and R. Glas-Albrecht. 1991. Stimulus-secretion coupling in Paramecium cells. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 55:3-16.
252. Plattner, H., C. Westphal, and R. Tiggemann. 1982. Cytoskeleton-secretory vesicle interactions during the docking of secretory vesicles at the cell membrane in Paramecium tetraurelia cells. J. Cell Biol. 92:368-377.
253. Pollack, S. 1974. Mutations affecting the trichocysts in Paramecium aurelia. I. Morphology and description of the mutants. J. Protozool. 21:352-362.
254. Quigley, F., M. Rickauer, and W. Tanner. 1984. Protein N-glycosylation and its possible role in the cell cycle of Chlorella. Plant Sci. Lett. 35:43-49.
255. Rabouille, C., N. Hui, F. Hunte, R. Kleckbusch, E. G. Berger, G. Warren, and T. Nilsson. 1995. Mapping the distribution of Golgi enzymes involved in the construction of complex oligosaccharides. J. Cell Sci. 108:1617-1627.
256. Rabouille, C., T. P. Levine, J.-M. Peters, and G. Warren. 1995. An NSF-like ATPase, p97, and NSF mediate cisternal regrowth from mitotic Golgi fragments. Cell 82:904-914.
257. Rambourg, A., Y. Clermont, L. Hermo, and D. Segretain. 1987. Tridimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus of non-ciliated epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes in rat: an electron microscopical stereoscopic study. Biol. Cell 60:103-116.
258. Rambourg, A., Y. Clermont, and F. Képès. 1993. Modulation of the Golgi apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae sec7 mutants as seen by three-dimensional electron microscopy. Anat. Rec. 237:441-452.
259. Rambourg, A., Y. Clermont, L. Ovtracht, and F. Képès. 1995. Three-dimensional structure of tubular networks, presumably Golgi in nature, in various yeast strains: a comparative study. Anat. Rec. 243:283-293.
260. Ray, D. A., and A. Gibor. 1982. Tunicamycin-sensitive glycoproteins involved in the mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Exp. Cell Res. 141:245-252.
261. Reiner, D. S., M. McCaffery, and F. D. Gillin. 1990. Sorting of cyst wall proteins to a regulated secretory pathway during differentiation of the primitive eukaryote. Giardia lamblia. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 53:142-153.
262. Richardson, J. M., N. A. Woychik, D. L. Ebert, R. L. Dimond, and J. A. Cardelli. 1988. Inhibition of early but not late proteolytic processing events leads to the missorting and oversecretion of precursor forms of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell Biol. 107:2097-2107.
263. Riley, G. R., C. M. West, and E. J. Henderson. 1993. Cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum controls assembly of protein-linked glycans. Glycobiology 3:165-177.
264. Rodríguez-Rosales, M. P., D. L. Herrin, and G. A. Thompson, Jr. 1992. Identification of low molecular mass GTP-binding proteins in membranes of the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina. Plant Physiol. 98:446-451.
265. Rooney, E. K., and J. D. Gross. 1992. ATP-driven Ca/H antiport in acid vesicles from Dictyostelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8025-8029.
266. Roth, J., and E. G. Berger. 1982. Immunocytochemical localization of galactosyltransferase in HeLa cells: codistribution with thiamine pyrophosphatase in trans-Golgi cisternae. J. Cell Biol. 92:223-229.
267. Rothblatt, J., P. Novick, and T. H. Stevens. 1994. Guidebook to the secretory pathway. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
268. Rothman, J. E. 1994. Mechanisms of intracellular protein transport. Nature (London) 372:55-63.
269. Rothman, J. E., and L. Orci. 1992. Molecular dissection of the secretory pathway. Nature (London) 355:409-415.
270. Rovis, L., and S. Dube. 1982. Identification and characteristics of two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases associated with Trypanosomas brucei microsomes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 5:173-187.
271. Ruscetti, T., J. A. Cardelli, M. L. Niswonger, and T. J. O'Halloran. 1994. Clathrin heavy chain functions in sorting and secretion of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell Biol. 126:343-352.
272. Ryan, K. A., L. A. Garraway, A. Descoteaux, S. J. Turco, and S. M. Beverley. 1993. Isolation of virulence genes directing surface glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol synthesis by functional complementation of Leishmania. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8609-8613.
273. Salama, N. R., and R. W. Schekman. 1995. The role of coat proteins in the biosynthesis of secretory proteins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:536-543.
274. Satir, B. H., T. Hamasaki, M. Reichman, and T. J. Murtaugh. 1989. Species distribution of a phosphoprotein (parafusin) involved in exocytosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:930-932.
275. Sauer, M. K., and R. B. Kelly. 1995. Conjugation rescue of exocytosis mutants in Tetrahymena thermophila indicates the presence of functional intermediates in the regulated secretory pathway. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 42:173-183.
276. Saxe, S. A., and A. R. Kimmel. 1990. SAS1 and SAS2, GTP-binding protein nes in Dictyostelium discoideum with sequence similarities to essential genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2367-2378.
277. Schekman, R. 1994. Translocation gets a push. Cell 78:911-913.
278. Schröder, S., F. Schtmmöller, B. Singer-Krüger, and H. Riezman. 1995. The Golgi-localization of yeast Emp47p depends on its di-lysine motif hut is not affected by the ret1-1 mutation in α-COP. J. Cell Biol. 131:895-912.
279. Schwientek, T., C. Lorenz, and J. F. Ernst. 1995. Golgi localization in yeast is mediated by the membrane anchor region of rat liver sialyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 270:5483-5489.
280. Serafini, T., L. Orci, M. Amherdt, M. Brunner, R. A. Kahn, and J. E. Rothman. 1991. ADP-ribosylation factor is a subunit of the coat of Golgi-derived COP-coated vesicles: a novel role for a GTP-binding protein. Cell 67:239-253.
281. Serafini, T., G. Stenbeck, A. Brecht, F. Lottspeich, L. Orci, J. E. Rothman, and F. T. Wieland. 1991. A coat subunit of Golgi-derived non-clathrin-coated vesicles with homology to the clathrin-coated vesicle coat protein β-adaptin. Nature (London) 349:215-220.
282. Shapiro, S. Z., and P. Webster. 1989. Coated vesicles from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei: purification and characterization. J. Protozool. 36:344-349.
283. Sharif, A. L., A. G. Smith, and C. Abell. 1989. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for a chlorophyll synthesis enzyme from Euglena gracilis-the chloroplast enzyme hydroxymethylbilane synthase (porphobilinogen deaminase) is synthesised with a very long transit peptide in Euglena. Eur. J. Biochem. 184:353-359.
284. Sharkey, D. J., and R. Kornfeld. 1989. Identification of an (V-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in Dictyostelium discoideum that transfers an "intersecting" N-acetylglucosamine residue to high mannose oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem. 264:10411-10419.
285. Sharkey, D. J., and R. Kornfeld. 1991. Developmental regulation of processing α-mannosidases and "intersecting" N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 266:18477-18484.
286. Sheffield, H. G., and B. Bjorvatin. 1977. Ultrastructure of the cyst of Giardia lamblia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:23-30.
287. Shigh, S.-J., and D. L. Nelson. 1991. Multiple families of proteins in the secretory granules of Paramecium tetraurelia: immunological characterization and immunocytochemical localization of trichocyst proteins. J. Cell Sci. 100:85-97.
288. Shigh, S.-J., and D. L. Nelson. 1992. Proteolytic processing of secretory proteins in Paramecium: immunological and biochemical characterization of the precursors of trichocyst matrix proteins. J. Cell Sci. 103:349-361.
289. Shimoni, Y., G. Segal, X.-Z. Zhu, and G. Galili. 1995. Nucleotide sequence of a wheat cDNA encoding protein disulfide isomerase. Plant Physiol. 107:281.
290. Shimoni, Y., X.-Z. Zhu, H. Levanony, G. Segal, and G. Galili. 1995. Purification, characterization and intracellular localization of glycosylated protein disulfide isomerase from wheat grains. Plant Physiol. 108:327-335.
291. Simon, S. 1993. Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:581-588.
292. Singer, S. J. 1995. It's important to concentrate. Trends Cell Biol. 5:14-15.
293. Singer, S. J., G. F. Oster, T. P. McGee, E. A. Whitters, M. K. Y. Fung, J. E. Vance, Z. Cui, and V. A. Bankaitis. 1992. Debate: phospholipids and the Golgi complex. Trends Cell Biol. 2:69-71.
294. Sogin, M. L. 1991. The phylogenetic significance of sequence diversity and length variations in eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions, p. 175-188. In L. Warren and M. Koprowski (ed.), New perspectives on evolution. Wiley-Liss Inc., New York.
295. Söllner, T., S. W. Whiteheart, M. Brunner, H. Erdjument-Bromage, S. Geromanos, P. Tempst, and J. E. Rothman. 1993. SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature (London) 362:318-324.
296. Sönnichsen, B., J. Füllekrug, P. Nguyen Van, W. Diekmann, D. G. Robinson, and G. Mieskes. 1994. Retention and retrieval: both mechanisms cooperate to maintain calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Sci. 107:2705-2717.
297. Staehelin, L. A., and I. Moore. 1995. The plant Golgi apparatus: structure, functional organization and trafficking mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 46:261-288.
298. Stamnes, M. A., and J. E. Rothman. 1993. The binding of AP-1 clathrin adaptor particles to Golgi membranes requires ADP-ribosylation factor, a small GTP-binding protein. Cell 73:999-1005.
299. Subramanian, S. V., E. Wyroba, A. P. Andersen, and B. H. Satir. 1994 Cloning and sequencing of parafusin, a calcium-dependent exocytosis-related phosphoglycoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:9832-9836.
300. Südhof, T. C., P. De Camilli. H. Niemann, and R. Jahn. 1993. Membrane fusion machinery: insights from synaptic proteins. Cell 75:1-4.
301. Sulli, C., and S. D. Schwartzbach. 1995. The polyprotein precursor to the Euglena light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein is transported to the Golgi apparatus prior to chloroplast import and polyprotein processing. J. Biol. Chem. 270:13084-13090.
302. Swanson, P. M., C. E. Carter, C. Hager, W. J. Kim, S. Obermeier, and T. N. Oeltmann. 1992. Identification and characterization of an α-mannosidase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Glycobiology 2:563-569.
303. Takizawa, P. A., and V. Malhotra. 1993. Coatomers and SNAREs in promoting membrane traffic. Cell 75:593-596.
304. Taniguchi, T., T. Mizuochi, Y. Banno, Y. Nozawa, and A. Kobata. 1985. Carbohydrates of lysosomal enzymes secreted by Tetrahymena pyriformis. J. Biol. Chem. 260:13941-13946.
305. Taylor, T. C., R. A. Kahn, and P. Melançon. 1992. Two distinct members of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins regulate cell-free intra-Golgi transport. Cell 70:69-79.
306. Terryn, N., M. Van Montagu, and D. Inzé. 1993. GTP-binding proteins in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 22:143-152.
307. Tiedtke, A., and H. D. Görtz. 1983. Acid phosphatase associated with discharging secretory vesicles (mucocysts) of Tetrahymena thermophila. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 30:244-253.
308. Tiedtke, A., T. Kiy, C. Vosskühler, and L. Rasmussen. 1993. Pathways of lysosomal enzyme secretion in Tetrahymena. Adv. Cell Mol. Biol. Membr. 2:99-122.
309. Tiedtke, A., and L. Rasmussen. 1989. Constitutive secretion of acid hydrolases in Tetrahymena thermophila. J. Protozool. 36:378-382.
310. Tindall, S. H., L. D. Devito, and D. L. Nelson. 1989. Biochemical characterization of the proteins of Paramecium secretory granules. J. Cell Sci. 92:441-448.
311. Tippit, D. H., and J. D. Pickett-Heaps. 1974. Experimental investigations into morphogenesis in Micrasterias. Protoplasma 81:271-296.
312. Traub, L. M., J. A. Ostrom, and S. Kornfeld. 1993. Biochemical dissection of AP-1 recruitment onto Golgi membranes. J. Cell Biol. 123:561-573.
313. Trombetta, S. E., M. Bosch, and A. J. Parodi. 1989. Glucosylation of glycoproteins by mammalian, plant, fungal, and trypanosomatid protozoa microsomal membranes. Biochemistry 28:8108-8116.
314. Turkewitz, A. P., L. Madeddu, and R. B. Kelly. 1991. Maturation of dense core granules in wild type and mutant Tetrahymena thermophila. EMBO J. 10:1979-1987.
315. Turner, M. J. 1982. Biochemistry of the variant surface glycoproteins and surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Adv. Parasitol. 21:69-153.
316. Ullrich, O., H. Horiuchi, C. Bucci, and M. Zerial. 1994. Membrane association of Rab 5 mediated by GDP-dissociation inhibitor and accompanied by GDP/GTP exchange. Nature (London) 368:157-160.
317. Ungewickell, E., H. Ungewickell, S. E. H. Holstein, R. Lindner, K. Prasad, W. Barouch, B. Martin, L. E. Greene, and E. Eisenberg. 1995. Role of auxilin in uncoating clathrin-coated vesicles. Nature (London) 378:632-635.
318. Url, T., M. Höftberger, and U. Meindl. 1993. Cytochalasin B influences dictyosomal vesicle production and morphogenesis in the desmid Euastum. J. Phycol. 29:667-674.
319. Vallon, O., and F.-A. Wollmam. 1995. Mutations affecting O-glycosylation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cause delayed cell wall degradation and sexlimited sterility. Plant Physiol. 108:703-712.
320. van Meer, G. 1989. Lipid traffic in animal cells. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 5:247-275.
321. Velasco, A., L. Hendricks, K. W. Moremen, D. R. P. Tulsiani, O. Touster, and M. G. Farquhar. 1993. Cell type-dependent variations in the subcellular distribution of α-mannosidase I and II. J. Cell Biol. 122:39-51.
322. Vida, T. A., T. R. Graham, and S. D. Emr. 1990. In vitro reconstitution of intercompartmental protein transport to the yeast vacuole. J. Cell Biol. 111:2871-2884.
323. Warnock, D. E., M. S. Lutz, W. A. Blackburn, W. W. Young, Jr., and J. U. Baenziger. 1994. Transport of newly synthesized glucosylceramide to the plasma membrane by a non-Golgi pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2708-2712.
324. Watson, N., V. McGuire, and S. Alexander. 1994. The PsB glycoprotein complex is secreted as a preassembled precursor of the spore coat in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell Sci. 107:2567-2579.
325. Weiss, R. L. 1983. Coated vesicles in the contractile vacuole/mating structure region of Chlamydomonas. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 85:33-44.
326. Wetherbee, R., R. A. Andersen, and J. Pickett-Heaps (ed.). 1994. The protistan cell surface. Springer-Verlag KG, Vienna.
327. Whatley, J. M., and C. Chapman-Andresen. 1990. Phylum Karyoblastea. p. 167-185. In L. Margulis, J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of protoctista. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston.
328. Whiteheart, S. W., and E. W. Kubalek. 1995 SNAPs and NSF: general members of the fusion apparatus. Trends Cell Biol. 5:64-68.
329. Wilsbach, K., and G. S. Payne. 1993. Dynamic retention of TGN membrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Trends Cell Biol. 3:426-432.
330. Wilson, D. W., C. A. Wilcox, G. C. Flynn, E. Chen, W.-J. Kuang, W. J. Henzel, M. R. Block, A. Ullrich, and J. E. Rothman. 1989. A fusion protein required for vesicle-mediated transport in both mammalian cells and yeast. Nature (London) 339:355-359.
331. Wolin, S. L. 1994. From the elephant to E. coli: SRP-dependent protein targeting. Cell 77:787-790.
332. Wyroba, E., A. Widding Hover, P. Storgaard, and B. H. Satir. 1995. Mammalian homologue of the calcium-sensitive phosphoglycoprotein, parafusin. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 68:419-426.
333. Yusa, A. 1963. An electron microscopical study on regeneration of trichocysts in Paramecium caudatum. J. Protozool. 10:253-262.
334. Zerial, M., and H. Stenmark. 1993. Rah GTPases in vesicular transport, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:613-620.
335. Zhang, X. Q., J.-P. Dubacq, and A. Alfsen. 1993. Biochemical and cytological evidence for the stimulation of clathrin-coated pit (vesicle) formation by exogenous folic acid in Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 29: 203-209.
336. Zhang, Y.-H., W. C. Lang, and D. G. Robinson. 1989. In vitro localization of hydroxyproline O-glycosyl transferases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell Physiol. 30:617-622.
337. Zhang, Y.-H., and D. G. Robinson. 1990. Cell-wall synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an immunological study on the wild type and wall-less mutants cw2 and cw15. Planta 180:229-236.