Measurement of volatile organic compounds in human blood

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 104, Issue SUPPL. 5, 1996, Pages 871-877

  Ashley, David L ^a,b   Bonin, Michael A ^a   Cardinali, Frederick L ^a   McCraw, Joan M ^a   Wooten, Joe V ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood; Methods; Pharmacokinetics; Reference range; Smoking; Volatile organic compounds

Indexed keywords

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

BIOACCUMULATION; BLOOD LEVEL; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN; MEASUREMENT; METHODOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITY CONTROL; SMOKING;

EID: 0029804835     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104s5871     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (45)

1. National Research Council. Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants. Advances and Opportunities. Washington:National Academy Press, 1991.
2. Andelman JB, Meyers SM, Wilder LC. Volatilization of organic chemicals from indoor uses of water. In: Chemicals in the Environment (Lester JN, Perry R, Sterritt RM, eds). London:Selper Ltd, 1986;323-330.
3. Bayer CW, Black MS, Galloway LM. Sampling and analysis techniques for trace volatile organic emissions from consumer products. J Chromatogr Sci 26:168-173 (1988).
4. Brugnone F, Perbellini L, Faccini GB, Pasini F, Maranelli G, Romeo L, Gobbi M, Zedde A. Breath and blood levels of benzene, toluene, cumene and styrene in non-occupational exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 61:303-311 (1989).
5. Cammann K, Hubner K. Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers' and bath attendants' blood and urine after swimming or working in indoor swimming pools. Arch Environ Health 50: 61-65 (1995).
6. Popp W, Muller G, Baltes-Schmitz B, Wehner B, Vahrenholz C, Schmieding W, Benninghoff M, Norpoth K. Concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood and trichloroacetic acid in urine of workers and neighbours of dry-cleaning shops. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 63:393-395 (1992).
7. Moolenaar RL, Hefflin BJ, Ashley DL, Etzel RA. Methyl tertiary butyl ether in human blood after exposure to oxygenated fuels in Fairbanks, Alaska. Arch Environ Health 49:402-409 (1994).
8. NIOSH. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Styrene. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 83-119. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1983.
9. Phoon WH, Goh KT, Lee LT, Tan KT, Kwok SE. Toxic jaundice from occupational exposure to chloroform. Med J Malaysia 30:31-34 (1983).
10. Straus B. Aplastic anemia following exposure to carbon tetrachloride. JAMA 155:737-739 (1954).
11. Cohen MM. Central nervous system in carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Neurology 7:238-244 (1957).
12. Stewart RD, Fisher TN, Hoeko MJ, Peterson JE, Baretta ED, Dodd HC. Experimental human exposure to methylene chloride. Arch Environ Health 25:342-348 (1972).
13. Rowe VK, McCollister DD, Spencer HC, Adams EM, Irish DD. Vapor toxicity of tetrachloroethylene for laboratory animals ana human subjects. Ind Hyg Occupat Med 5:566-579 (1952).
14. Devathasan G, Low D, Teoh PC, Wan SH, Wong PK. Complications of chronic glue (toluene) abuse in adolescents. Aust N Z J Med 14:39-43 (1984).
15. Norwood WD, Fuqua PA, Scudder BC. Carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Ind Hyg Occupat Med 1:90-100 (1950).
16. Droz PO, Nicole C, Guberan E. Sniffing 1,1,1-trichloroethane: Simulation of two fatal cases. In: Safe Use of Solvents (Collings AJ, Luxon SG, eds). New York:Academic, 1982;153-159.
17. Brugnone F, Gobbi M, Ayyad K, Giuliari C, Cerpelloni M, Perbellini L. Blood toluene as a biological index of environmental toluene exposure in the "normal" population and in occupationally exposed workers immediately after exposure and 16 hours later. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 6:421-425 (1995).
18. Angerer J, Scherer G, Schaller KH, Miller J. The determination of benzene in human blood as an indicator of environmental exposure to volatile aromatic compounds. Fres J Anal Chem 339:740-742 (1991).
19. Gill R, Hatchett SE, Osselton MD, Wilson HK, Ramsey JD. Sample handling and storage for the quantitative analysis of volatile compounds in blood: the determination of toluene by headspace gas chromatography. J Anal Toxicol 12:141-146 (1988).
20. DeLeon IR, Antoine SR. Clinical screening test for toxic volatile organic chemicals in blood. Clin Ecol 2:108-109 (1985).
21. Cardinali FL, McCraw JM, Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Wooten JV. Treatment of vacutainers for use in the analysis of volatile organic compounds in human blood at the low parts-per-trillion level. J Chromatogr Sci 33:557-560 (1995).
22. Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL, McCraw JM, Holler JL, Needham LL, Patterson DG. Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 64:1021-1029 (1992).
23. Ramsey JD, Flanagan RJ. Detection and identification of volatile organic compounds in blood by headspace gas chromatography as an aid to the diagnosis of solvent abuse. J Chromatogr 240:423-444 (1982).
24. Dunemann L, Hajimiragha H. Development of a screening method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in body fluids and environmental samples using purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 283:199-206 (1993).
25. Wang G, Maranelli G, Perbellini L, Guglielmi G, Brugnone F. Reference values for blood toluene in the occupationally nonexposed general population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:201-203 (1993).
26. Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL, McCraw JM, Wooten JV, Needham LL. Important considerations in the ultra-trace measurement of volatile organic compounds in blood. In: Applications of Molecular Biology in Environmental Chemistry (Minear RA, Ford AM, Needham LL, Karch NJ, eds). New York:Lewis, 1995:135-146.
27. Cailleux A, Turcant A, Allain P, Toussaint D, Gaste J, Roux, A. Gas chromatographic analysis of volatile compounds in water and biological samples with an automatic injector. J Chromatogr 391:280-289 (1987).
28. Michael LC, Erickson MD, Parks SP, Pellizzari ED. Volatile environmental pollutants in biological matrices with a headspace purge technique. Anal Chem 52:1836-1841 (1980).
29. Erickson MD, Alsup MK, Hyldburg PA. Foam prevention in purge and trap analysis. Anal Chem 53:1265-1269 (1981).
30. Bonin MA, Ashley DL, Cardinali FL, McCraw JM, Patterson DG Jr. Importance of enhanced mass resolution in removing interferences when measuring volatile organic compounds in human blood by using purge-and-trap/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectr 3:831-841 (1992).
31. Astrand I. Uptake of solvents in the blood and tissues of man. A review. Scand J Work Environ Health 1:199-218 (1975).
32. Monster AC, Boersma G, Steenweg H. Kinetics of tetrachloroethylene in volunteers: influence of exposure concentration and work load. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 42:303-309 (1979).
33. Wallace LA, Pellizzari ED, Hartwell TD, Sparacino C, Whitmore R, Sheldon L, Zelon H, Perritt R. The TEAM Study: personal exposures to toxic substances in air, drinking water, and breath of 400 residents of New Jersey, North Carolina, and North Dakota. Environ Res 43:290-307 (1987).
34. Brugnone F, De Rosa E, Perbellini L, Bartolucci GB. Toluene concentrations in the blood and alveolar air of workers during the workshift and the morning after. Br J Ind Med 43:56-61 (1986).
35. Brugnone F, Perbellini L, Maranelli G, Romeo L, Guglielmi G, Lombardini F. Reference values for blood benzene in the occupationally unexposed general population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64:179-184 (1992).
36. Brugnone F, Perbellini L, Wang GZ, Maranelli G, Raineri E, De Rosa E, Saletti C, Soave C, Romeo L. Blood styrene concentrations in a "normal" population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:125-130 (1993).
37. Berlin M, Gage JC, Gullberg B, Holm S, Knutson P, Tunek A. Breath concentration as an index of the health risk from benzene. Studies on the accumulation and clearance of inhaled benzene. Scand J Work Environ Health 6:104-111 (1980).
38. Saw A, Nakajima T, Fujiware Y, Hirosawa, K. Pharmacokinetics of benzene and toluene. Int Arch Arbeitsmed 33:169-182 (1974).
39. Pekari K, Vainiotalo S, Heikkila P, Palotie A, Luotamo M, Riihmaki V. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to low levels of benzene. Scand J Work Environ Health 18:317-322 (1992).
40. Raymer JH, Pellizzari ED, Thomas KW, Cooper SD. Elimination of volatile organic compounds in breath after exposure to occupational and environmental microenvironments. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1:439-451 (1991).
41. Nise G, Attewell R, Skerfving S, Orbek P. Elimination of toluene from venous blood and adipose tissue after occupational exposure. Br J Ind Med 46:407-411 (1989).
42. Wallace L, Pellizzari E, Gordon S. A linear model relating breath concentrations to environmental exposures: applications to a chamber study of four volunteers exposed to volatile organic compounds. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 3:75-102 (1993).
43. Nise G, Orbeck P. Toluene in venous blood during and after work in rotogravure printing. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 60:31-35 (1988).
44. Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL, McCraw JM, Wooten JV. Blood concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groups with suspected exposure. Clin Chem 40:1401-1404 (1994).
45. Wallace L, Pellizari ED, Hartwell TD, Perritt R, Ziegenfus R. Exposures to benzene and other volatile organic compounds from active and passive smoking. Arch Environ Health 42:272-279 (1987).