Cigarette smoking, bacterial pneumonia, and other clinical outcomes in HIV-1 infection

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 374-383

  Burns, David N ^a,h   Hillman, David ^b   Neaton, James D ^b   Sherer, Renslow ^c   Mitchell, Thomas ^d   Capps, Linnea ^e   Vallier, William G ^f   Thurnherr, Michael D ^g   Gordin, Fred M ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c MA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e Harlem Hospital Center ^*  (United States)

^f WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g Test Positive Aware Network   (United States)

^h EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Disease progression; HIV; Pneumonia; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CANDIDIASIS; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DEMENTIA; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; KAPOSI SARCOMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL RATE; THRUSH;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0029804792     PISSN: 10779450     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199612010-00012     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Advances in knowledge of the health consequences of smoking. In: Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health [DHHS Publication no. (CDC) 89-8411], 1989:33-115.
2. Bartecchi CE, MacKenzie TD, Schrier RW. The human costs of tobacco use [first of two parts]. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:907-12.
3. Holt PG. Immune and inflammatory function in cigarette smokers. Thorax 1987;42:241-9.
4. Chang JC, Yoo OH, Lesser M. Cathepsin D activity is increased in alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:958-60.
5. Schaberg T, Haller H, Rau M, Kaiser D, Fassbender M, Lode H. Superoxide anion release induced by platelet-activating factor is increased in human alveolar macrophages from smokers. Eur Respir J 1992;5:387-93.
6. McCrea KA, Ensor JE, Nail K, Bleecker ER, Hasday JD. Altered cytokine regulation in the lungs of cigarette smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:696-703.
7. Twigg HL, Soliman DM, Spain BA. Impaired alveolar macrophage accessory cell function and reduced incidence of lymphocytic alveolitis in HIV-infected patients who smoke. AIDS 1994;8:611-8.
8. King TE Jr, Savici D, Campbell PA. Phagocytosis and killing of Listeria monocytogenes by alveolar macrophages: smokers versus nonsmokers. J Infect Dis 1988;158:1309-16.
9. Sherman MP, Campbell LA, Gong H Jr, Roth MD, Tashkin DP. Antimicrobial and respiratory burst characteristics of pulmonary alveolar macrophages recovered from smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of tobacco alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, and nonsmokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:1351-6.
10. Andersen P, Pedersen DF, Bach B, Bonde GJ. Serum antibodies and immunoglobulins in smokers and non-smokers. Clin Exp Immunol 1982;47:467-73.
11. Mili F, Flanders WD, Boring JR, Annest JL, Destefano F. The associations of race, cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation to measures of the immune system in middle-aged men. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991;59:187-200.
12. Finklea JF, Hasselblad V, Riggan WB, Nelson WC, Hammer DI, Newill VA. Cigarette smoking and hemagglutination inhibition response to influenza after natural disease and immunization. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;104:368-76.
13. Horowitz MM, Ershler WB, McKinney WP, Battiola RJ. Duration of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination: efficacy of low dose booster vaccine. Ann Intern Med 1988;108: 185-9.
14. Roome AJ, Walsh SJ, Cartter ML, Hadler JL. Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness in Connecticut public safety personnel. JAMA 1993;270:2931-4.
15. Kark JD, Lebiush M, Rannon L. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for epidemic A(H1N1) influenza in young men. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1042-6.
16. Petitti DB, Friedman GD. Respiratory morbidity in smokers of low and high yield cigarettes. Prev Med 1985;14:217-25.
17. Lipsky BA, Boyko EJ, Inui TS, Koepsell TD. Risk factors for acquiring pneumococcal infections. Arch Intern Med 1986;146:2179-85.
18. Blake GH, Abell TD, Stanley WG. Cigarette smoking and upper respiratory infection among recruits in basic combat training. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:198-202.
19. Chan ISF, Neaton JD, Saravolatz LD, Crane LR, Osterberger J. Frequencies of opportunistic diseases prior to death among HIV-infected persons. AIDS 1995;9:1145-51.
20. Wentworth DN, El-Sadr W, Zurlinden J. A data collection system designed to facilitate participation in multiple concurrent protocols [Abstract]. Controlled Clin Trials 1995;16: (Suppl 35)77S.
21. Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1987;36(suppl 1S):3-15.
22. Price R, Daniels K, Rhame F, et al. Progression of HIV disease: definitions, criteria, and data processing of the CPCRA [Abstract PoC4510]. In: Eighth International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam: CONGREX Holland BV, 1992.
23. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Institute 1959;22:719-46.
24. Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
25. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 1972;34:187-220.
26. Gallant JE, Moore RD, Richman DD, Keruly J, Chaisson RE. Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:566-72.
27. Hirschtick RE, Glassroth J, Jordan MC, et al. Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1995;333:845-51.
28. Swango PA, Kleinman DV, Konxelman JL. HIV and periodontal health: a study of military personnel with HIV. J Am Dent Assoc 1991;122:49-54.
29. Greenspan D, Hilton JF, Westenhouse JL, et al. Association between oral lesions and smoking in a clinic population [Abstract PoB 3362]. In: Eighth International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam: CONGREX Holland BV, 1992.
30. Hoover DR, Black C, Jacobson LP, et al. Epidemiologic analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma as an early and later AIDS outcome in homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:266-78.
31. Muzyka BC, Glick M. Major aphthous ulcers in patients with HIV disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77: 116-20.
32. Giovino GA, Schooley MW, Zhu B-P, et al. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors: United States, 1900-1994. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1994;43:1-43.
33. Hughes DA, Haslam PL, Townsend PJ, Turner-Warwick M. Numerical and functional alterations in circulatory lymphocytes in cigarette smokers. Clin Exp Immunol 1985;61:459-66.
34. Tollerud DJ, Clark JW, Brown LM, et al. The effects of cigarette smoking on T-cell subsets: a population based survey of healthy Caucasians. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139: 1446-51.
35. Schechter MT, Boyko WJ, Jeffries E, et al. The Vancouver Lymphadenopathy AIDS Study. 4. Effects of exposure factors, cofactors, and HTLV-III seropositivity on number of helper T cells. Can Med Assoc J 1985;133:286-92.
36. Royce RA, Winkelstein W Jr. HIV infection, cigarette smoking and CD4+ lymphocyte counts: preliminary results from the San Francisco Men's Health Study. AIDS 1990;4:327-33.
37. Burns DN, Kramer A, Yellin F, et al. Cigarette smoking: a modifier of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection? J Acquir Immunodeflc Syndr 1991;4:76-83.
38. Craib KJP, Schechter MT, Montaner JSG, et al. The effect of cigarette smoking on lymphocyte subsets and progression to AIDS to a cohort of homosexual men. Clin Invest Med 1992;15:301-8.
39. Park LP, Margolick JB, Giorgi JV, et al. Influence of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profiles in homosexual men. J Acquir Immunodefic Syndr 1992;5:1124-30.
40. Park LP, Margolick JB, Munoz A. Cigarette smoking, leukocyte profiles, and HIV-1 progression. J Acquir Immunodefic Syndr 1993;6:1175-6.
41. Nieman RB, Fleming J, Coker RJ, Harris JRW, Mitchell DM. The effect of cigarette smoking on the development of AIDS in HIV-1-seropositive individuals. AIDS 1993;7:705-10.
42. Selwyn PA, Feingold AR, Hartel D, et al. Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected intravenous drug users without AIDS. AIDS 1988;2:267-72.
43. Wallace JM, Rao AV, Glassroth J, et al. Respiratory illness in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1523-9.
44. Caiaffa WT, Vlahov D, Graham NM, et al. Drug smoking, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and immunosuppression increase risk of bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive injection drug users. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:1493-8.
45. Epstein JB, Freilich MM, Le ND. Risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients who receive radiation therapy for malignant conditions of the head and neck. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;76:169-74.
46. Peluso R, Haase A, Stowring L, Edwards M, Ventura P. A Trojan horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes. Virology 1985;147:231-6.
47. Geleziunas R, Schipper HM, Wainberg MA. Pathogenesis and therapy of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous systern. AIDS 1992;6:1411-26.
48. Epstein LG, Gendelman HE. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the nervous system: pathogenetic mechanisms. Ann Neurol 1993;33:429-36.
49. Sei S, Saito K, Stewart SK, et al. Increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 DNA content and quinolinic acid concentration in brain tissues from patients with HIV encephalopathy. J Infect Dis 1995;172:638-47.
50. Olivares R, Ducimetiere P, Claude JR. Monocyte count: a risk factor for coronary heart disease? Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:49-53.
51. Duplaa C, Couffinhal T, Labat L, et al. Monocyte adherence to endothelial cells in patients with atherosclerosis: relationships with risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest 1993;23:474-9.
52. Imaizumi T. Intravascular release of a platelet-activating factor-like lipid induced by cigarette smoking. Lipids 1991; 26:1269-73.
53. Hayashi H, Kudo I, Nojima S, Inoue K. Biological response of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to platelet-activating factor. Lipids 1991;26:1193-9.
54. Katnick C, Nelson DJ. Platelet activating factor-induced increase in cytosolic calcium and transmembrane current in human macrophages. J Membr Biol 1993;134:213-24.
55. Tollerud DJ, Weiss ST, Leung DYM. Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptors in young healthy cigarette smokers: lack of association with atopy or airways hyperresponsiveness. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1992;97:25-30.
56. Byron KA, Varigos GA, Wootton AM. IL-4 production is increased in cigarette smokers. Clin Exp Immunol 1994;95: 333-6.
57. Barillari G, Buonaguro L, Fiorelli V, et al. Effects of cytokines from activated immune cells on vascular cell growth and HIV-1 gene expression: implications for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. J Immunol 1992;149:3727-34.
58. Patterson TF, Andriole VT: Current concepts in cryptococcosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989;8:457-65.
59. Khaw K-T, Tazuke S, Barrett-Conner E. Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1705-9.
60. Salvini S, Stampfer MJ, Barbieri RL, Hennekens CH. Effects of age, smoking and vitamins on plasma DHEAS levels: a cross-sectional study in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:139-43.
61. Hautanen A, Manttari M, Manninen V, et al. Adrenal androgens and testosterone as coronary risk factors in the Helsinki Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 1994;105:191-200.
62. Regelson W, Kalimi M, Loria R. DHEA: some thoughts as to its biologic and clinical action. In: Kalimi M, Regelson W, eds. The biologic role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1990:405-45.
63. Henderson E, Schwartz A, Pashko L, Abou-Gharbia M, Swern D. Dehydroepiandrosterone and 16α-bromo-epiandrosterone: inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 1981;2: 683-6.
64. Loria RM, Inge TH, Cook SS, Szakal AK, Regelson W. Protection against acute lethal viral infections with the native steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). J Med Virol 1988;26:301-14.
65. Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1086-93.