The role of gallbladder emptying in gallstone formation during diet- induced rapid weight loss

Hepatology

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 544-548

  Gebhard, Roger L ^a,c   Prigge, William F ^a   Ansel, Howard J ^b   Schlasner, Linda ^a   Ketover, Scott R ^a   Sande, Deborah ^b   Holtmeier, Karen ^d   Peterson, Francis J ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BILE LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GALLBLADDER EMPTYING; GALLSTONE; HUMAN; LOW CALORY DIET; MALE; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 0029795454     PISSN: 02709139     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/jhep.1996.v24.pm0008781321     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Broomfield PH, Chopra R, Sheinbaum RC, Bonorris GO, Silverman A, Schoenfield LJ, Marks JW. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and aspirin on the formation of lithogenic bile and gallstones during loss of weight. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1567-1572.
2. Liddle RA, Goldstein RB, Saxton J. Gallstone formation during weight-reduction dieting. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:1750-1753.
3. Yang H, Petersen GM, Roth M-P, Schoenfield LJ, Marks JW. Risk factors for gallstone formation during rapid loss of weight. Dig Dis Sci 1992;37: 912-918.
4. Shiftman ML, Kaplan GD, Brinkman-Kaplan V, Vickers FV. Prophylaxis against gallstone formation with ursodeoxycholic acid in patients participating in a very-low-calorie diet program. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:899-905.
5. Shiftman ML, Sugarman HJ, Kellum JM, Brewer WH, Moore EW. Gallstone formation after rapid weight loss: a prospective study in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery for treatment of morbid obesity. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;86:1000-1005.
6. Bennion LJ, Grundy SM. Effects of obesity and calorie intake on biliary lipid metabolism in man. J Clin Invest 1975;56:996-1011.
7. Marks JW, Broomfield P, Bonorris GG, Schoenfield LJ. Factors affecting the measurement of cholesterol nucleation in human gallbladder and duodenal bile. Gastroenterology 1991;101:214-219.
8. Schlierf G, Schellenberg B, Stiehl A, Czygan P, Oster P. Biliary cholesterol saturation and weight reduction: effects of fasting and low calorie diet. Digestion 1981;21:44-49.
9. Duane WC, Ginsberg RL, Bennion LJ. Effects of fasting on bile acid metabolism and biliary lipid composition in man. J Lipid Res 1976;17:211-9.
10. Everson GT, McKinley C, Mills M, Cippola T, Showalter R, Peterson F. Weight loss in obese women markedly inhibits bile acid synthesis: the metabolic basis for cholesterol gallstone formation [abstr]? Gastroenterology 1994;106:A889.
11. Shiftman ML, Sugarman HJ, Kellum JM, Moore EW. Changes in gallbladder bile composition following gallstone formation and weight reduction. Gastroenterology 1992;103:214-221.
12. Shiffman ML, Shamburek RD, Schwartz CC, Sugarman HJ, Kellum JM, Moore EW. Gallbladder mucin, arachidonic acid, and bile lipids in patients who develop gallstones during weight reduction. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1200-1208.
13. Paumgartner G, Sauerbruch T. Gallstones: pathogenesis. Lancet 1991; 338:1117-1121.
14. Stone BG, Ansel HJ, Peterson FJ, Gebhard RL. Gallbladder emptying stimuli in obese and normal-weight subjects. HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:795-798.
15. Acalovschi M, Badea R. Ultrasonographic study of gall-bladder emptying in obese patients. Int J Obesity 1992;16:313-315.
16. Vezina WC, Paradis RL, Grace DM, Zimmer RA, LaMont DD, Ryrcroft KM, King ME, et al. Increased volume and decreased emptying of the gallbladder in large (morbidly obese, tall normal, and muscular normal) people. Gastroenterology 1990;98:1000-1007.
17. Marzio L, Capone F, Neri M, Mezzetti A, De Angelis C, Cuccurullo F. Gallbladder kinetics in obese patients: effect of a regular meal and low-calorie meal. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:4-9.
18. Inoue KI, Fuchigami A, Higashide S, Sumi S, Kogire M, Suzuki T, Tobe T. Gallbladder sludge and stone formation in relation to contractile function after gastrectomy: a prospective study. Ann Surg 1992;215:19-26.
19. Everson GT, Braverman DZ, Johnson ML, Kern F. A critical evaluation of real-time ultrasonography for the study of gallbladder volume and contraction. Gastroenterology 1980;79:40-46.
20. Duane WC, Hunninghake DB, Freeman ML, Pooler PA, Schlasner LA, Gebhard RL. Simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, lowers cholesterol saturation index of gallbladder bile. HEPATOLOGY 1988; 8:1147-1150.
21. Carey MC, Small DM. The physical chemistry of cholesterol solubility in bile: relationship to gallstone formation and dissolution in man. J Clin Invest 1978;61:998-1026.
22. Fredrickson DS, Levy RI, Lindgren FT. A comparison of heritable abnormal lipoprotein patterns as defined by two different techniques. J Clin Invest 1968;47:2446-2456.
23. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
24. Day R, Gebhard RL, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Duane WC, Stone BG, Oppenheimer JH. Time course of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid, biliary lipid secretion, and hepatic cholesterol content in methimazole-treated hypothyroid and hypophysectomized rats after triiodothyronine administration: possible linkage of cholesterol synthesis to biliary secretion. Endocrinology 1989;125:459-468.
25. Stone BG, Evans CD, Prigge WF, Duane WC, Gebhard RL. Lovastatin treatment inhibits sterol synthesis and induces HMG CoA reductase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of normal subjects. J Lipid Res 1989;30: 1943-1952.
26. Linn TC. The effect of cholesterol feeding and fasting upon β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. J Biol Chem 1967;242:990-993.
27. Andreini JP, Prigge WF, Ma C, Gebhard RL. Vesicles and mixed micelles in hypothyroid rat bile before and after thyroid hormone treatment: evidence for a vesicle transport system for biliary cholesterol secretion. J Lipid Res 1994;35:1405-1412.
28. Pauletzki J, Cicala M, Holl J, Sauerbruch T, Schafmayer A, Paumgartner G. Correlation between gall bladder fasting volume and postprandial emptying in patients with gall stones and healthy controls. Gut 1993;34:1443-1447.
29. Foster GD, Wadden TA, Peterson FJ, Letizia KA, Bartlett SJ, Conill AM. A controlled comparison of three very-low-calorie diets: effects on weight, body composition, and symptoms. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:811-817.
30. Jungst D, Lang T, Huber P, Lange V, Paumgartner G. Effect of phospholipids and bile acids on cholesterol nucleation time and vesicular/micellar cholesterol in gallbladder bile of patients with cholesterol stones. J Lipid Res 1993;34:1457-1464.
31. LaMorte WW, LaMont JT, Hale W, Booker ML, Scott TE, Turner B. Gallbladder prostaglandins and lysophospholipids as mediators of mucin secretion during cholelithiasis. Am J Physiol 1986;251:G701-709.
32. Holzbach RT. Gallbladder stasis: consequence of long-term parenteral hyperalimentation and risk factor of cholelithiasis. Gastroenterology 1983; 84:1055-1058.
33. Sitzmann JV, Pitt HA, Steinborn PA, Pasha ZR, Sanders RC. Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990;170:25-31.
34. Lembcke B, Creutzfeldt W, Schleser S, Ebert R, Shaw C, Koop I. Effect of somatostatin analogue Sandostatin (SMS 201-995) on gastrointestinal, pancreatic and biliary function and hormone release in normal man. Digestion 1987;36:108-24.
35. Ellis RW, Darga LL, Lucas CP. The short- and long-term effects of low-fat, cholesterol-free, hypocaloric diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol distribution in severely obese humans [abstr]. Int J Obesity 1987;11:29-40.
36. Phinney SD, Tang AB, Waggoner CR, Tezanos-Pinto RG, Davis PA. The transient hypercholesterolemia of major weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:1404-1410.
37. Festi D, Orsini M, LiBassi S, Ceré C, Sangermane A, Parenti M, Babini AC, et al. Risk of gallstone formation during rapid weight loss: protective effect of gallbladder motility [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1992;102:A311.