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2. The initial slope (1 to 2 ms) of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by stimulation of the Schaffer collateral- commissural afferents (once every 15 s) was measured in the stratum radiatum at a depth of 100 to 150 μm below the slice surface. The application and storage of the neurotrophic factors were as previously described (4). Anisomycin and cycloheximide were maintained as 40 mM stock solutions in ethanol at 4°C. The final concentration (0.1%) of ethanol to which the slices were exposed had no detectable effect on synaptic transmission. All experiments with protein synthesis inhibitors were paired with a same-day control experiment in which BDNF or NT-3 potentiated synaptic transmission. Inhibitors were applied at least 30 min before the addition of neurotrophin. BDNF and NT-3 potentiated synaptic strength at least 30% in 84.4 and 83.7% of control experiments, respectively. The percent of baseline measurements indicated in the text were obtained 170 to 180 min after the application of neurotrophin, unless otherwise noted. Ensemble average plots represent group means of each EPSP slope, for all experiments, aligned with respect to the time of neurotrophin application. Statistical significance was assessed by paired f tests or one-way analysis of variance; a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. When compared to controls, anisomycin and cycloheximide inhibited protein synthesis by 71.9 ± 5.2 and 71.2 ± 6.0%, respectively (n = 4 for each inhibitor).
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The isolation of either CA3 or CA1 cell bodies also allowed assessment of the relative importance of somatic gene transcription and translation in the pre- and postsynaptic neurons, respectively. In the CA3 isolation experiments, the synaptic enhancement induced by either BDNF or NT-3 did not differ in magnitude or duration from that observed in the sham-lesioned slices (Fig. 2, C and D). However, in the CA1 isolation experiments, the late phase of the neurotrophin-induced potentiation was significantly reduced relative to that apparent in controls (P < 0.05), although the duration was unchanged (Fig. 3, C and D). On the basis of these observations, postsynaptic somatic transcription or translation, or both, appear to be required at times greater than 1 hour after neurotrophin application.
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A small extent of neurotrophin-stimulated synaptic enhancement persisted in the presence of anisomycin. Because our in vitro assays indicate that anisomycin inhibited protein synthesis by 72% (6), we cannot determine whether the residual enhancement was truly independent of protein synthesis or simply reflected the incomplete inhibition of protein synthesis by anisomycin.
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We thank J. Miller and Amgen for supplying BDNF and NT-3, and Caltech faculty and the Schuman lab for helpful discussions and comments. Supported by funds from the Sloan Foundation, John Merck Fund, and Pew Charitable Trusts to E.M.S.
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We thank J. Miller and Amgen for supplying BDNF and NT-3, and Caltech faculty and the Schuman lab for helpful discussions and comments. Supported by funds from the Sloan Foundation, John Merck Fund, and Pew Charitable Trusts to E.M.S.
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