Problems associated with the use of gravel in septic-tank leachfield systems

Journal of Environmental Health

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 6-11

  May, Randy ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENGINEERING; LEACHING; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; PROBLEM SOLVING; REVIEW; SEPTIC TANK; SEWAGE DISPOSAL; SEWAGE TREATMENT; SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 0029792402     PISSN: 00220892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (18)

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2. Magdoff, F.R., and J. Bouma (1974), "The Development of Soil Clogging in Sands Leached with Septic Tank Effluent," Proceedings, National On-Site Sewage Disposal Symposium, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mi.
3. Hoover, M., and A. Amoozegar (1989), "Performance of Alternative and Conventional Septic Tank Systems," Proceedings from the Sixth Northwest On-Site Wastewater Short Course, University of Washington, Seattle, Wa.
4. Carlisle, R., and D. Osborne (1982), "Some Experience with Gravel-less Systems in Texas Coastal Soils," Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mi.
5. North Carolina, Division of Health Services (1982), The North Carolina Septage Study, Raleigh, NC.
6. Tyler, E., M. Milner, and J. Converse (1991), "Wastewater Infiltration from Chamber and Gravel Systems," Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mi.
7. Amerson, R., E. Tyler, and J. Converse (1991), "Infiltration as Affected by Compaction, Fines and Contact Area of Gravel," Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mi.
8. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (1976), Septic System Longevity Increased by Improved Design, Bulletin #747, New Haven, Ct.
9. Daniel, T., and J. Bouma (1974), "Column Studies of Soil Clogging in a Slowly Permeable Soil as a Function of Effluent Quality," Journal of Environmental Quality, 3(4):321-326.
10. Siegrist, R. (1986), "Wastewater-Induced Soil Pore Clogging Development as Affected by Effluent Composition and Loading Rate," Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wi.
11. Wissa, A. (1993), "Impacts of Gravel on Soil Infiltration," Proceedings, Post-Conference on Gravel Shadowing, State of Florida, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee, Fl.
12. Kropf, F.W. (1975), "Inter-Relation of Key-Factors for Infiltration of Liquid Domestic Waste Into Soil," Doctoral Dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Ct.
13. Laak, R. (1980), Wastewater Engineering Design for Unsewered Areas, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mi., pp.87-88.
14. Bouma, J. (1975), "Unsaturated Flow During Soil Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent," Am. Soc'y. of Civ. Eng., Envtl. Eng. Div. J., 101(EE6):967-981.
15. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (1982), Seepage & Pollutant Renovation Analysis for Large Land Treatment, Sewage Disposal Systems, Bulletin #7, Hartford, Ct.
16. Caldwell Conell Engineers (1986), On-Site Wastewater Systems Final Report, Water Authority of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
17. Hoxie, D., A. Frick, and J. Hardcastle (1989), "Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Systems Designed in Maine by the Site Evaluator Method," Proceedings, First International Conference on On-Site Sewage Disposal, U.S. EPA, Annapolis, Md.
18. Rickleff, S. (1992), "Evaluating Innovative Systems - A Field Study Utilizing Leaching Chamber Design," Proceedings, Texas On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Research Conference, Austin, Tx.