Surface dose measurements for highly oblique electron beams

Medical Physics

Volumn 23, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 1413-1420

  Ostwald, P M ^a   Kron, T ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE MATER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

oblique surface dose

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON BEAMS; ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS; ELECTRONS; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS;

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE; CLINICAL APPLICATION; ELECTRODE SPACING; HIGHER ENERGY BEAMS; OBLIQUE INCIDENCE; SEMIEMPIRICAL EQUATION; SURFACE DOSE; THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS;

LITHIUM COMPOUNDS;

ARTICLE; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRON BEAM; ELECTRON THERAPY; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; IONIZATION CHAMBER; PHANTOM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION; RADIOSURGERY;

EID: 0029789530     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.597873     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. P. J. Biggs, E. R. Epp, C. C. Ling, D. H. Novack, and H. B. Michaels, "Dosimetry, field shaping and other considerations for intraoperative electron therapy," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 7, 875-884 (1981).
2. A. L. McKenzie, "Air-gap correction in electron treatment planning," Phys. Med. Biol 24, 628-365 (1979).
3. G. Osman and R Johnson, "Oblique incidence in electron beam radiation therapy," Phys. Med. Biol. 22, 576 (1977).
4. E. R. Ritenour, R. K. Cacak, and W. R. Hendee, "Ionization produced by electron beams beneath curved surfaces," Med. Phys. 10, 669-671 (1983).
5. P. J Biggs, "The effect of beam angulation on central axis percent depth dose for 4-29 MeV electrons," Phys. Med. Biol. 29, 1089-1096 (1984).
6. K. E. Ekstrand and R. L. Dixon, "The problem of obliquely incident beams in electron-beam treatment planning," Med. Phys. 9, 276-278 (1982).
7. F. M. Khan, F. C. Deibel, and A. Soleimani-Meigooni, "Obliquity correction for electron beams," Med. Phys. 12, 749-753 (1985).
8. K. Ulin and E. S. Sternick, "An isodose shift technique for obliquely incident beams," Med. Phys 16, 905-910 (1989).
9. ICRP 59, The Biological Basis for Dose Limitation in the Skin (Pergamon, Oxford. 1992).
10. ICRP60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (Pergamon, Oxford, 1991).
11. F. H. Attix, "Application of a commercial solid-water plane-parallel ionization chamber to the AAPM TG-21 protocol," Med. Phys. 20, 735-737 (1993).
12. T. Kron, A. Elliot, T. Wong, G. Showell, B. Clubb, and P. Metcalfe, "X-ray surface dose measurement using TLD extrapolation," Med. Phys. 20, 703-711 (1993).
13. T. M. Francis, J. B. O'Hagan, S. M. Williams, C. M H. Driscoll, and D. T. Bartlett, "Response characteristics of carbon-loaded TL detectors to beta radiation," Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 28, 201-205 (1989).
14. S. J. Thomas and N. Palmer, "The use of carbon-loaded thermoluminescent dosimeters for the measurement of surface doses in megavoltage x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 16, 902-904 (1989).
15. ICRU 39, Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting From External Radiation Sources (ICRU, Bethesda, 1985).
16. P. M. Ostwald, T. Kron, C. S. Hamilton, and J. W. Denham, "Clinical use of carbon-loaded thermoluminescent dosimeters for skin dose determination," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33, 943-950 (1995).
17. F. M. Khan, W. Sewchand, and S. H. Levitt. "Effect of air space on depth dose in electron beam therapy," Radiology 126, 249-252 (1978).
18. J. A. Rawlinson, D. Arlen, and D Newcombe, "Design of parallel plate ion chambers for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams," Med. Phys 19, 641-648 (1992).
19. B. J. Gerbi, "The response characteristics of a newly designed plane-parallel ionization chamber in high-energy photon and electron beams," Med. Phys. 20, 1411-1415 (1993).
20. W. Jackson, "Surface effects of high energy X-rays at oblique incidence," Br. J. Radiol 44, 109-115 (1971).
21. K. R. Hogstrom, M. D, Mills, and P. R. Almond, "Electron beam calculations." Phys. Med. Biol. 26, 445-459 (1981).
22. D. W. O. Rogers, B. A. Faddegon, G. X. Ding, C.-M. Ma, J. We, and T. R. Mackie, "BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units," Med. Phys. 22, 503-524 (1995)