Microbial ecology of sea ice at a coastal Antarctic site: Community composition, biomass and temporal change

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 135, Issue 1-3, 1996, Pages 179-195

  Archer, Stephen D ^a,b,c   Leakey, Raymond J G ^a   Burkill, Peter H ^b   Sleigh, Michael A ^c   Appleby, Catherine J ^a  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Biomass; Carbon; Micro organisms; Sea ice

Indexed keywords

BACILLARIOPHYTA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); DINOPHYCEAE; ENTOMONEIS; EUGLENIDA; GYMNODINIUM SP.; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0029788121     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps135179     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ackley SF, Sullivan CW (1994) Physical controls on the development and characteristics of Antarctic sea ice biological communities - a review and synthesis. Deep Sea Res 41: 1583-1604
2. Arrigo KR, Kremer JN, Sullivan CW (1993a) A simulated Antarctic fast ice ecosystem. J Geophys Res 98 (C4): 6929-6946
3. Arrigo KR, Robinson DH, Sullivan CW (1993b) A high resolution study of the platelet ice ecosystem in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: photosynthetic and bio-optical characteristics of a dense microalgal bloom. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 98:173-185
4. Azam F, Fenchel T, Field JG, Gray JS, Meyer-Reil LA, Thingstad F (1983) The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10:257-263
5. Balech E (1975) Clave ilustrada del Dinoflagelados antarticos. Instituto Argentino, Buenos Aires
6. Bjornsen PK, Kuparinen J (1991) Determination of bacterioplankton biomass, net production and growth efficiency in the Southern Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 71:185-194
7. Borsheim KY, Bratbak G (1987) Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a bacteriovorous Monas sp. enriched from seawater. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 36:171-175
8. Buck KR, Bolt PA, Garrison DL (1990) Phagotrophy and fecal pellet production by an athecate dinoflagellate in Antarctic sea ice. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 60:75-84
9. Bunch JN, Harland RC (1990) Bacterial production in the bottom surface of sea ice in the Canadian Subarctic. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:1986-1995
10. Bunt JS (1960) Introductory studies: hydrology and plankton, Mawson, June 1956-February 1957. Aust nat antarct Res Exped Rep Ser B (III) Publ 56, Antarct Div, Dept External Affairs, Melbourne
11. Burkill PH, Edwards ES, John AWG, Sleigh MA (1993) Microzooplankton and their herbivorous activity in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res 40:479-494
12. Burkill PH, Edwards ES, Sleigh MA (1995) Microzooplankton and their role in controlling phytoplankton growth in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea. Deep Sea Res 42:1277-1290
13. Caron DA (1991) Evolving role of protozoa in aquatic nutrient cycles. In: Reid PC, Turley CM, Burkill PH (eds) Protozoa and their role in marine processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 387-415
14. Caron DA, Goldman JC (1990) Protozoan nutrient regeneration. In: Capriulo GM (ed) Ecology of marine protozoa. Oxford University Press, New York, p 283-306
15. Corliss JO, Snyder RA (1986) Preliminary description of several new ciliates from the Antarctic, including Cohnilembus grassei n. sp. Protistologica 22:39-46
16. Dieckmann G, Rohardt G, Hellmer H, Kipfstuhl J (1986) The occurrence of ice platelets at 250 m depth near the Filchner Ice Shelf and its significance for sea ice biology. Deep Sea Res 33:141-148
17. Fenchel T (1988) Marine plankton food chains. A Rev Ecol Syst 19:19-38
18. Fenchel T, Lee CC (1972) Studies on ciliates associated with sea ice from Antarctica. I. The nature of the fauna. Arch Protistenkd 114:231-236
19. Foldvik A, Kvinge T (1977) Thermohaline convection in the vicinity of an ice shelf. In: Dunbar MJ (ed) Polar oceans. Proceedings of the Polar Oceans Conference, McGill University, Montreal, May 1974. Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, p 247-255
20. Fry JC, Davies AR (1985) An assessment of methods for measuring volumes of planktonic bacteria, with particular reference to television image analysis. J Appl Bacteriol 58: 105-112
21. Garrison DL, Buck KR (1986) Organism losses during ice melting: a serious bias in sea ice community studies. Polar Biol 6:237-239
22. Garrison DL, Buck KR (1989) The biota of Antarctic pack ice in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic peninsula regions. Polar Biol 10:211-219
23. Garrison DL, Buck KR (1991) Surface layer assemblages in Antarctic pack ice during the austral spring: environmental conditions, primary production and community structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75:161-172
24. Garrison DL, Close AR (1993) Winter ecology of the sea ice biota in Weddell Sea pack ice. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 96:17-31
25. Gifford DJ (1988) Impact of grazing by microzooplankton in the Northwest Arm of Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 47:249-258
26. Grossi SM, Kottmeier ST, Moe RL, Taylor GT (1987) Sea ice microbial communities. IV. Growth and primary production in bottom ice under graded snow cover. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35:153-164
27. Grossi SM, Kottmeier ST, Sullivan CW (1984) Sea ice microbial communities. III. Seasonal abundance of microalgae and associated bacteria, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Microb Ecol 10:231-242
28. Grossi SM, Sullivan CW (1985) Sea ice microbial communities. V. The vertical zonation of diatoms in an Antarctic fast ice community. J Phycol 21:401-409
29. Grossmann S (1994) Bacterial activity in sea ice and open water of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica: a microautoradiographic study. Microb Ecol 28:1-18
30. Grossmann S, Dieckmann GS (1994) Bacterial standing stock, activity, and carbon production during formation and growth of sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:2746-2753
31. Helmke E, Weyland H (1995) Bacteria in sea ice and underlying water of the eastern Weddell Sea in midwinter. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 117:269-287
32. Hobbie JE, Daley RJ, Jasper S (1977) Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 33:1225-1228
33. Hoshiai T (1977) Seasonal change of ice communities in the sea ice near Syowa Station, Antarctica. In: Dunbar MJ (ed) Polar oceans. Proceedings of the Polar Oceans Conference, McGill University, Montreal, May 1974. Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, p 307-317
34. Knox GA (1990) Primary production and consumption in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In: Kerry KR, Hempel G (eds) Antarctic ecosystems. Ecological change and conservation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 115-128
35. Kottmeier ST, Grossi SM, Sullivan CW (1987) Sea ice microbial communities. VIII. Bacterial production in annual sea ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 175-186
36. Kottmeier ST, Sullivan CW (1990) Bacterial biomass and production in pack ice of Antarctic marginal ice edge zones. Deep Sea Res 37:1311-1330
37. Krebs WN, Lipps JH, Burckle LH (1987) Ice diatom floras, Arthur Harbour, Antarctica. Polar Biol 7:163-171
38. Larsen J, Patterson DJ (1991) The diversity of heterotrophic euglenids. In: Patterson DJ, Larsen J (eds) The biology of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 205-218
39. Legendre L, Ackley SF, Dieckmann GS, Gulliksen B, Horner R, Hoshiai T, Melnikov IA, Reeburgh WS, Spindler S, Sullivan CW (1992) Ecology of sea ice biota. 2. Global significance. Polar Biol 12:429-444
40. Lessard EJ (1991) The trophic role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in diverse marine environments .Mar Microb Food Webs 5:49-58
41. Lipps JH, Krebs WN (1974) Planktonic foraminifera associated with Antarctic sea ice. J Foram Res 4:80-85
42. Lizotte MP, Sullivan CW (1992) Photosynthetic capacity in microalgae associated with Antarctic pack ice. Polar Biol 12:497-502
43. Mathot S, Becquevort S, Lancelot C (1991) Microbial communities from sea ice and adjacent water column at the time of ice melting in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea. Polar Res 10:267-276
44. McConville JM, Mitchell C, Wetherbee R (1985) Patterns of carbon assimilation in a microalgal community from annual sea ice, East Antarctica. Polar Biol 4:135-141
45. McConville JM, Wetherbee R (1983) The bottom-ice microalgal community from annual ice in the inshore waters of East Antarctica. J Phycol 19:431-439
46. McManus GB, Fuhrman JA (1988) Control of marine bacterioplankton populations: measurement and significance of grazing. Hydrobiologia 159:59-62
47. Montagnes DJS, Berges JA, Harrison PJ, Taylor FJR (1994) Estimating carbon, nitrogen, protein, and chlorophyll a from volume in marine phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 39:1044-1060
48. Palmisano AC, Garrison DL (1993) Microorganisms in Antarctic sea ice. In: Friedmann EI (ed) Antarctic microbiology. Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York, p 167-218
49. Palmisano AC, Sullivan CW (1983) Sea ice microbial communities (SIMCO). 1. Distribution, abundance, and primary production of ice microalgae in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 1980. Polar Biol 2:171-177
50. Paranjape MA (1990) Grazing by microzooplankton in the eastern Canadian arctic in summer 1983. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 40:239-246
51. Parsons TR, Maita Y, Lalli CM (1984) A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, Oxford
52. Perrin RA, Lu P, Marchant HJ (1987) Seasonal variation in marine phytoplankton and ice algae at a shallow Antarctic coastal site. Hydrobiologia 146:33-46
53. Porter KG, Feig YS (1980) The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol Oceanogr 25:943-948
54. Putt M, Stoecker DK (1989) An experimentally determined carbon:volume ratio for marine 'oligotrichous' ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters. Limnol Oceanogr 34:1097-1103
55. Scott P, McMinn A, Hosie G (1994) Physical parameters influencing diatom community structure in eastern Antarctic sea ice. Polar Biol 14:507-517
56. Sherr BF, Sherr EB, Pedros-Alio C (1989) Simultaneous measurement of bacterioplankton production and protozoan bacterivory in estuarine water. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 54: 209-219
57. Smith REH, Clement P, Cota GF (1989) Population dynamics of bacteria in Arctic sea ice. Microb Ecol 17:63-76
58. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1973) Introduction to biostatistics. WH Freeman and Company, San Francisco
59. Spindler M, Dieckmann GS (1986) Distribution and abundance of the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in sea ice of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biol 5:185-191
60. 14) for measuring organic production in the sea. J Cons Perm Int Explor Mer 18:117-140
61. Stoecker DK, Buck KR, Putt M (1992) Changes in the sea-ice brine community during spring-summer transition, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. I. Photosynthetic protists. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 84:265-278
62. Stoecker DK, Buck KR, Putt M (1993) Changes in the sea-ice brine community during spring-summer transition, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. II. Phagotrophic protists. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 95:103-113
63. Sullivan CW, Palmisano AC (1984) Sea ice microbial communities: distribution, abundance, and diversity of ice bacteria in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, in 1980. Appl Environ Microb 47:788-795
64. Thomsen HA, Buck KR, Bolt PA, Garrison DL (1991) Fine structure and biology of Cryothecomonas gen. nov. (Protista incertae sedis) from the ice biota. Can J Zool 69: 1048-1070
65. Utermöhl H (1958) Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt Int Verein Theor Angew Limnol 9:1-38
66. Verity PG, Robertson CY, Tronzo CR, Andrews MG, Nelson JR, Sieracki ME (1992) Relationships between cell volume and the carbon and nitrogen content of marine photosynthetic nanoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 37:1434-1446
67. Watanabe K, Satoh H (1987) Seasonal variations of ice algal standing crop near Syowa Station, East Antarctica, in 1983/84. Bull Plankton Soc Japan 34:131-150
68. Watanabe K, Satoh H, Hoshiai T (1990) Seasonal variation in ice algal assemblages in the fast ice near Syowa Station in 1983/84. In: Kerry KR, Hempel G (eds) Antarctic ecosystems, ecological change and conservation. SpringerVerlag, Berlin, p 136-142
69. Watson AJ, Robinson C, Robertson JE, Williams PJLeB, Fasham MJR (1991) Spatial variability in the sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the North Atlantic. Nature 350:50-53
70. Weeks WF, Ackley SF (1982) The growth, structure and properties of sea ice. CRREL Monogr 82-1, US Army CRREL, Hanover, NH
71. Welch HE, Bergmann MA, Jorgensen JK, Burton W (1988) A subice suction corer for sampling epontic algae. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 45:562-568
72. Whitaker TM (1977) Sea ice habitats of Signy Island (South Orkneys) and their primary production. In: Llano G (ed) Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Gulf Publishing, Houston, p 75-83
73. Zwally HJ, Parkinson CL, Comiso JC (1983) Variability of Antarctic sea ice and changes in carbon dioxide. Science 220:1005-1012