Genetic analysis of the transcriptional arrangement of Azotobacter vinelandii alginate biosynthetic genes: Identification of two independent promoters

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 449-457

  Lloret, Lourdes ^a   Barreto, Rita ^a   Léon, Renato ^a   Moreno, Soledad ^a   Martínez Salazar, Jaime ^a   Espín, Guadalupe ^a   Soberón Chávez, Gloria ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGINIC ACID;

ARTICLE; AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ALGAE; AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; XANTHOMONAS; XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. CAMPESTRIS;

EID: 0029787820     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02554.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bali, A., Blanco, G., Hill, S., and Kennedy, C. (1992) Excretion of ammonium by a nifL mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii fixing nitrogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 1711-1718.
2. Boyd, A., Gosh, M., May, T.B., Shinabarger, D., Keogh, R., and Chakrabarty, A.M. (1993) Sequence of the algL gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purification of its alginate lyase product. Gene 131: 1-8.
3. Campos, M.E., Martínez-Salazar, J., Lloret, L., Moreno, S., Núñez, C., Espín, G., and Soberón-Chávez, G. (1996) Cloning and characterization of the gene coding for GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (algD) from Azotobacter vinelandii. J Bacteriol 178: 1793-1799.
4. Chakrabarty, A.M. (1991) Molecular genetics and environmental regulation of alginate biosynthesis. Appl Phycology 8: 1-6.
5. Chitnis, C.E., and Ohman, D.E. (1993) Genetic analysis of the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows evidence of an operan structure. Mol Microbiol 8: 583-590.
6. Chu, L., May, T.B., Chakrabarty, A.M., and Misra, T.K. (1991) Nucleotide sequence and expression of the algE gene involved in alginate biosynthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gene 107: 1-10.
7. Darzins, A., and Chakrabarty, A.M. (1984) Cloning of genes controlling alginate biosynthesis from a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 159:9-18.
8. Darzins, A., Wang, S.-K., Vanags, R.I., and Chakrabarty A.M. (1985) Clustering of mutations affecting alginic acid biosynthesis in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 164: 516-524.
9. Darzins, A., Frantz, B., Vanags, R.I., and Chakrabarty, A.M. (1986) Nucleotide sequence analysis of the phosphomannose isomerase gene (pmi) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and comparison with the corresponding Escherichia coli gene manA. Gene 42: 293-302.
10. Deretic, V., Dikshit, R., Konyecsni, W.M., Chakrabarty, A.M., and Misra, T.K. (1989) The algR gene which regulates mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, belongs to a class of environmentally responsive genes. J Bacteriol 171: 1278-1283.
11. Deretic, V., Govan, J.R.W., Konyecsni, W.M., and Martin, D.W. (1990) Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: mutations in the muc loci affect transcription of the algR and algD genes in response to environmental stimuli. Mol Microbiol 42: 189-196.
12. Deretic, V., Martin, D.W., Schurr, M.J., Mudd, M.H., Hibler, N.S., Curcic, R., and Boucher, J.C. (1993) Conversion to mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bio/Technol 11: 1133-1136.
13. Deretic, V., Schurr, M.J., Boucher, J.C., and Martin, D.W. (1994) Conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mucoidy in cystic fibrosis: environmental stress and regulation of bacterial virulence by alternative sigma factors. J Bacteriol 176: 2773-2780.
14. Ertesvåg, H., Doseth, B., Larsen, B., Skjak-Braek, G., and Valla, S. (1994) Cloning and expression of an Azotobacter vinelandii mannuronan C-5 epimerase. J Bacteriol 176: 2846-2853.
15. Ertesvåg, H., Høidal, H.K., Hals, I.K., Rian, A. Doseth, B., and Valla, S. (1995) A family of modular type mannuronan C-5-epimerase genes controls alginate structure in Azotobacter vinelandii. Mol Microbiol 16: 719-731.
16. Fialho, A.M., Zielinski, N.A., Fett, W.F., Chakrabarty, A.M., and Berry, A. (1990) Distribution of the alginate gene sequences in the Pseudomonas rRNA homology group I-Azomonas-Azotobacter lineage of superfamily B procaryotes. Appl Environ Microbiol 56: 436-443.
17. Fyfe, J.A.M., and Govan, J.R.W. (1980) Alginate synthesis in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a locus involved in control. J Gen Microbiol 119: 443-450.
18. Gill, J.F., Deretic, V., and Chakrabarty, A.M. (1986) Overproduction and assay of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphomannose isomerase. J Bacteriol 167: 611-615.
19. Goldberg, J.B., and Ohman, D.E. (1987) Construction and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa algB mutants: role of algB in high-level production of alginate. J Bacteriol 169: 1593-1602.
20. Goldberg, J.B., Gorman, W.L., Flynn, J.L., and Ohman, D.E. (1993) A mutation in algN permits trans activation of alginate production by algT in Pseudomonas species. J Bacteriol 175: 1303-1308.
21. E). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7941-7945.
22. Kennedy, C., and Toukdarian, A. (1987) Genetics of Azotobacters: applications to nitrogen fixation and related aspects of metabolism. Annu Rev Microbiol 41: 227-258.
23. Kennedy C., Gamal, R., Humphrey, R., Ramos, J., Brigle, K., and Dean, D. (1986) The nifH, nifM and nifN genes of Azotobacter vinelandii: characterization by Tn5 mutagenesis and isolation from pLAFR1 gene banks. Mol Gen Genet 205: 318-325.
24. Kennedy, L., McDowell, K., and Sutherland, I.W. (1992) Alginases from Azotobacter species. J Gen Microbiol 138: 2465-2471.
25. Köplin, R., Arnold, W., Hötte, B., Simon, R., Wang, G., and Pühler, A. (1992) Genetics of xanthan production in Xanthomonas campestris: the xanA and xanB genes are involved in UDP-glucose and GDP-mannose biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 174: 191-194.
26. de Lorenzo, V., and Timmis, K.N. (1994) Analysis and construction of stable phenotypes in Gram-negative bacteria with Th5- and Tn10-derived minitransposons. Meth Enzymol 235: 386-405.
27. Maldonado, R., Jiménez, J., and Casadesus, J. (1994) Changes in ploidy during the Azotobacter vinelandii growth cycle. J Bacteriol 176: 3911-3919.
28. Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Sambrook, J. (1989) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
29. Manna A.C., and Das, H.K. (1993) Determination of the size of the Azotobacter vinelandii chromosome. Mol Gen Genet 241: 719-722.
30. E an stress response. J Bacteriol 176: 6688-6696.
31. Martínez-Salazar, J., Palacios, A.N., Sánchez, R., Caro, A.D., and Soberón-Chávez, G. (1993) Genetic stability and xanthan gum production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris NRRL B1459. Mol Microbiol 8: 1053-1061.
32. Martínez-Salazar, J., Moreno, S., Nájera, R., Boucher, C., Espín, G., Soberón-Chávez, G., and Deretic, V. (1996) Cloning and characterization of the genes coding for the putative sigma factor AlgU and its regulators MucA, MucB, MucC and MucD in Azotobacter vinelandii and evaluation of their role in alginate biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 178:1800-1808.
33. May, T.B., and Chakrabarty, A.M. (1994) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: genes and enzymes of alginate synthesis. Trends Microbiol 2: 151-157.
34. Miller, J.H. (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 431-435.
35. Monday, S.R., and Schiller, N.L. (1996) Alginate synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the role of AlgL (alginate lyase) and AlgX. J Bacteriol 178: 625-632.
36. Murata, K., Inose, T., Hisano, T., Abe, S., Yonemoto, Y., Yamashita, T., Takagi, M., Sakaguchi, K., Kimura, A., and Imanaka, T. (1993) Bacterial alginate lyase: enzymology, genetics and application. J Fermen Bioeng 76: 427-437.
37. Nagpal, P., Reddy, M.A., and Das, H.K. (1989) Multiple chromosomes of Azotobacter vinelandii. J Bacteriol 171: 3133-3138.
38. Page, W., and Sadoff, H.L. (1975) Relationship between calcium and uronic acids in the encystment of Azotobacter vinelandii. J Bacteriol 122: 145-151.
39. Pindar D.F., and Bucke, C. (1975) The biosynthesis of alginic acid by Azotobacter vinelandii. Biochem J 152: 617-622.
40. Schiller, N.L., Monday, S.R., Boyd, C.M., Keen, N.T., and Ohman, D.E. (1993) Characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate lyase gene (algL): cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 175: 4780-4789.
41. Schurr, M.J., Martin, D.W., Mudd, M.H., Hibler, M.S., Boucher, J.C., and Deretic, V. (1993) The algD promoter: regulation of alginate production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Cell Mol Biol Res 39: 371-376.
42. Schurr, M.J., Martin, D.W., Mudd, M.H., and Deretic, V. (1994) Gene cluster controlling conversion to alginate-overproducing phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a functional analysis in a heterologous host and role in the instability of mucoidy. J Bacteriol 176: 3375-3382.
43. Simon, R., Priefer, U., and Pühler, A. (1983). A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: transposon mutagenesis in Gram-negative bacteria. Bio/Technol 1: 784-791.
44. Sutherland, I.W. (1985) Biosynthesis and composition of Gram-negative bacterial extracellular and wall polysaccharides. Annu Rev Microbiol 39: 243-270.
45. Tatnell, P.J., Russell, N.J., and Gacesa, P. (1994) GDP-mannose dehydrogenase is the key regulatory enzyme in alginate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence from metabolic studies. Microbiol 140: 1745-1754.
46. Wozniak, D.J., and Ohman, D.E. (1994) Transcriptional analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes algR, algB and algD reveals a hierarchy of alginate gene expression which is modulated by algT. J Bacteriol 176: 6007-6014.
47. Wyss, O., Neumann, G.M., and Scolofsky, M.D. (1961) Development and germination of the Azotobacter cyst. J Biophys Biochem Cyt 10: 555-565.