Molecular specializations at nodes and paranodes in peripheral nerve

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 452-461

  Scherer, Steven S ^a  

^a HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adherens junctions; Cell adhesion molecules; Connexin32; Gap junctions; Incisures; Myelin; Neuropathy; Schwann cells; Tight junctions

Indexed keywords

CELL ADHESION; CELLS; HYALURONIC ACID; MOLECULES; NEURONS; PHOSPHATASES;

ADHERENS JUNCTIONS; CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; CONNEXIN32; GAP-JUNCTIONS; INCISURE; MYELIN; NEUROPATHY; SCHWANN CELLS; TENASCIN; TIGHT JUNCTIONS;

GLYCOPROTEINS;

ACTIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANKYRIN; CYTOSKELETON PROTEIN; GANGLIOSIDE; GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN; MYELIN ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; MYELIN PROTEIN; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; POTASSIUM ION; SPECTRIN; TENASCIN; UVOMORULIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CYTOARCHITECTURE; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; RANVIER NODE; RAT; REVIEW; SCHWANN CELL;

EID: 0029784279     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19960801)34:5<452::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-O     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Abood, L.G., and Abul-Haj, S.K. (1956) Histochemistry and characterization of hyaluronic acid in axons of peripheral nerve. J. Neurochem., 1:119-125.
2. Anderson, J.M., Balda, M.S., and Fanning, A.S. (1993) The structure and regulation of tight junctions. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 5:772-778.
3. Apostolski, S., Sadiq, S.A., Hays, A., Corbo, M., Suturkova, L., Chaliff, P., Stefansson, K., LeBaron, R.G., Ruoslahti, E., Hays, A.P., and Latov, N. (1994) Identification of Gal(β1-3)GalNAc bearing glycoproteins at the nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerve. J. Neurosci. Res., 38:134-141.
4. Ariyasu, R.G., Nichol, J.A., and Ellisman, M.H. (1985) Localization of sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase in multiple cell types of the murine nervous system with antibodies raised against the enzyme from kidney. J. Neurosci., 5:2581-2596.
5. Bennett, M.V.L., Barrio, L.C., Bargiello, T.A., Spray, D.C., Hertzberg, E., and Saez, J.C. (1991) Gap junctions: New tools, new answers, new questions. Neuron, 6:305-320.
6. Bergoffen, J., Scherer, S.S., Wang, S., Oronzi-Scott, M., Bone, L., Paul, D.L., Chen, K., Lensch, M.W., Chance, P., and Fischbeck, K. (1993) Connexin mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Science, 262:2039-2042.
7. Bevan, S. (1990) Ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors in glia. Semin. Neurosci., 2:467-481.
8. Black, J.A., Fiedman, B., Waxman, S.G., Elmer, L.N., and Angelides, K.J. (1989) Immunoultrastructural localization of sodium channels at nodes of lamina and astrocytes in rat optic nerve. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 238:39-51.
9. Blanchard, C.E., Mackenzie, M.L., Sikri, K., and Allt, G. (1985) Filipin-sterol complexes at nodes of Ranvier. J. Neurocytol., 14:1053-1062.
10. Blank, W.F., Jr., Bunge, M.B., and Bunge, R.P. (1974) The sensitivity of the myelin sheath, particularly the Schwann cell-axolemmal junction, to lowered calcium levels in cultured sensory ganglia. Brain Res., 67:503-518.
11. Boller, K., Vestweber, D., and Kemler, R. (1985) Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of adult intestinal epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol., 100:327-332.
12. Braun, P.E., Frail, D.E., and Latov, N. (1982) Myelin-associated glycoprotein is the antigen for a monoclonal IgM in polyneuropathy. J. Neurochem., 39:1261-1265.
13. Brennan, M.J., David, J.L., Kenimer, J.G., and Manclark, C.R. (1988) Lectin-like binding of pertussis toxin to a 165-kilodalton Chinese hamster ovary cell glycoprotein. J. Biol. Chem., 263:4895-4899.
14. Buxton, R.S., and Magee, A.I. (1992) Structure and interactions of desmosomal and other cadherins. Semin. Cell Biol., 3:157-167.
15. Carey, D.J., Evans, D.M., Stahl, R.C., Asundi, V.K., Conner, K.J., Garbes, P., and Cizmeci-Smith, G. (1992) Molecular cloning and characterization of N-syndecan, a novel transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J. Cell Biol., 117:191-201.
16. Carey, D.J., Stahl, R.C., Asundi, V.K., and Tucker, B. (1993) Processing and subcellular distribution of the Schwann cell lipid-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan and identification as glypican. Exp. Cell Res., 208:10-18.
17. Chance, P.F., and Pleasure, D. (1993) Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. Arch. Neurol., 50:1180-1183.
18. Chaudhry, V., Corse, A.M., Cornblath, D.R., Kuncl, R.W., Drachman, D.B., Freimer, M.L., Miller, R.G., and Griffin, J.W. (1993) Multifocal motor neuropathy: Response to human immune globulin. Ann. Neurol., 33:237-242.
19. 1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barre syndrome: Clinical and immunohistochemical studies. Neurology, 43:1911-1917.
20. Chiu, A.Y., and Ko, J. (1994) A novel epitope of entactin is present at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. J. Neurosci., 14:2809-2817.
21. Chiu, S. Y. (1991) Functions and distribution of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels in mammalian Schwann cells. Glia, 4:541-558.
22. Chiu, S.Y., Scherer, S.S., Blonski, M., Kang, S.S., and Messing, A. (1994) Axons regulate the expression of Shaker potassium channel genes in Schwann cells in peripheral nerve. Glia, 12:1-11.
23. 1 in rat nerve myelin. J. Neurochem., 44:1898-1912.
24. Corbo, M., Quattrini, A., Latov, N., and Hays, A.P. (1993) Localization of GM1 and Gal(β1-3)GalNAc antigenic determinants in peripheral nerve. Neurology, 43:809-814.
25. Daniloff, J.K., Crossin, K.L., Ancon-Raymond, M., Murawsky, M., Reiger, F., and Edelman, G.M. (1989) Expression of cytotactin in the normal and regenerating neuromuscular system. J. Cell Biol., 108:623-635.
26. Delpech, A., Firard, N., and Delpech, B. (1982) Localization of hyaluronectin in the nervous system. Brain Res., 245:251-257.
27. Dermietzel, R., Hwang, T.K., and Spray, D.S. (1990) The gap junction family: Structure, function and chemistry. Anat. Embryol., 182: 517-528.
28. + channel immunolocalization in peripheral mammalian axons and changes following nerve injury and neuroma formation. J. Neurosci., 13:1976-1992.
29. Ehrig, K., Leivo, I., Argraves, W.S., Ruoslahti, E., and Engyall, E. (1990) Merosin, tissue-specific basement membrane protein, is a laminin-like protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87:3264-3268.
30. Eldridge, C.F., Sanes, J.R., Chiu, A.Y., Bunge, R.P., and Cornbrooks, C.J. (1986) Basal lamina-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the rat PNS: Characterization and localization using monoclonal antibodies. J. Neurocytol., 15:37-51.
31. Elmer, L.W., Black, J.A., Waxman, S.G., and Angelides, K.J. (1990) The voltage-dependent sodium channel in mammalian CNS and PNS: antibody characterization and immunocytochemical localization. Brain Res., 532:222-231.
32. Fairweather, N., Bell, C., Cochrane, S., Chelly, J., Wang, S., Mostacciuolo, M.L., Monaco, A.P., and Haites, N.E. (1994) Mutations in the connexin 32 gene in X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-X1). Hum. Mol. Genet., 3:29-34.
33. Fannon, A.M., Sherman, D.L., Ilyina-Gragerova, G., Brophy, P.J., Friedrich, V.L., and Colman, D.R. (1995) Novel E-cadherin mediated adhesion in peripheral nerve: Schwann cell architecture is stabilized by autotypic adherens junctions. J. Cell Biol. 129:189-202.
34. Farquhar, M.G., and Palade, G.E. (1963) Junctional complexes in various epithelia. J. Cell Biol., 17:375-412.
35. Fishman, P.H. (1982) Role of membrane gangliosides in the binding and action of bacterial toxins. J. Membr. Biol., 69:85-97.
36. 1b are antigens for IgM M-protein in a patient with motor neuron disease. Neurology, 36:454-458.
37. Friend, D.S., and Gilula, N.B. (1972) Variations in tight junctions and gap junctions in mammalian tissues. J. Cell Biol., 53:758-776.
38. Ganser, A.L., Kirschner, D.A., and Willinger, M. (1983) Ganglioside localization on myelinated nerve fibres by cholera toxin binding. J. Neurocytol., 12:921-938.
39. Garrod, D.R. (1993) Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 5:30-40.
40. 0 gene disruption leads to hypomyelination, abnormal expression of recognition molecules, and degeneration of myelin and axons. Cell, 71:565-576.
41. Haefliger, J.-A., Bruzzone, R., Jenkins, N.A., Gilbert, D.J., Copeland, N.G., and Paul, D.L. (1992) Four novel members of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 267:2057-2064.
42. Hammer, J.A., O'Shannessy, D.J., De Leon, M., Gould, R., Zand, D., Daune, G. and Quarles, R.H. (1993) Immunoreactivity of PMP-22, PO, and other 19 to 28 kDa glycoproteins in peripheral nerve myelin of mammals and fish with HNK1 and related antibodies. J. Neurosci. Res., 35:546-558.
43. Hess, A., and Young, J.Z. (1952) The nodes of Ranvier. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 140:301-320.
44. Joe, E.H., and Angelides, K. (1992) Clustering of voltage-dependent sodium channels on axons depends on Schwann cell contact. Nature, 356:333-335.
45. 1 antibody titers. Neurology, 44:1278-1282.
46. Koch, P.J., and Franke, W.W. (1994) Desmosomal cadherins: Another growing multigene family of adhesion molecules. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 6:682-687.
47. Koenig, E., and Repasky, E. (1985) A regional analysis of α-spectrin in the isolated Mauthner neuron and in isolated axons of the goldfish and rabbit. J. Neurosci., 5:705-714.
48. Kordeli, E., Davis, J., Trapp, B., and Bennett, V. (1990) An isoform of ankyrin is localized at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons of central and peripheral nerves. J. Cell Biol., 110:1341-1352.
49. Kornberg, A.J., Pestronk, A., Bieser, K., Lo, T.W., McKhann, G.M., Wu, H.S., and Jiang, Z. (1994) The clinical correlates of high-titer IgG anti-GM1 antibodies. Ann. Neurol., 35:234-237.
50. Kusunoki, S., Chiba, A., Tai, T., and Kanazawa, I. (1993) Localization of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system. Muscle Nerve, 16:752-756.
51. Kusunoki, S., Chiba, A., Kon, K., Ando, S., Arisawa, K., Tate, A., and Kanazawa, I. (1994) N-acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a is a target molecule for serum antibody in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann. Neurol., 35:570-576.
52. Landon, D.N., and Langley, O.K. (1971) The local chemical environment of nodes of Ranvier: A study of cation binding. J. Anat., 108: 419-432.
53. Latov, N. (1990) Antibodies to glycoconjugates in neurologic disease. Clinical Aspects Autoimmunity, 4:18-29.
54. Lemke, G. (1992) Myelin and myelination. In: Molecular Neurobiology, Z.W. Hall, ed. Sunderland, MA, Sinauer, pp. 281-312.
55. Lemke, G., and Axel, R. (1985) Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding the major structural protein of peripheral myelin. Cell, 40:501-508.
56. Li, C., Topak, M.B., Gerial, R., Calpoff, S., Abramow-Newerly, W., Trapp, B., Peterson, A., and Roder, J. (1994) Myelination in the absence of myelin-associated glycoprotein. Nature, 369:747-750.
57. Lorimier, P., Mezin, P., Moleur, F.L., Pinel, N., Peyrol, S., and Stoebner, P. (1992) Ultrastructural localization of the major components of the extracellular matrix in normal rat nerve. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 40:859-868.
58. Lupski, J.R., Montes de Oca-Luna, R., Slaugenhaupt, S., Pentao, L., Guzzetta, V., Trask, B.J., Saucedo-Cardenas, O., Barker, D.F., Chakravarti, A., and Patel, P.I. (1991) DNA duplication associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type IA. Cell, 66:219-232.
59. Martini, R. (1994) Expression and functional roles of neural cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix components during development and regeneration of peripheral nerves. J. Neurocytol., 23: 1-28.
60. Martini, R., Schachner, M., and Faissner, A. (1990) Enhanced expression of the extracellular matrix molecule J1/tenascin in the regenerating adult mouse sciatic nerve. J. Neurocytol., 19:601-616.
61. McKhann, G.M., Cornblath, D.R., Griffin, J.W., Ho, T.W., Li, C.Y., Jiang, Z., Wu, H.S., Zhaori, G., Liu, Y., Jou, L.P., Liu, T.C., Gao, C.Y., Mao, J.Y., Blaser, M.J., Mishu, B., and Asbury, A.K. (1993) Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann. Neurol., 33:333-342.
62. Mege, R.M., Nicolet, M., Pincon-Raymond, M., Murawsky, M., and Rieger, F. (1992) Cytotactin is involved in synaptogenesis during regeneration of the frog neuromuscular system. Dev. Biol., 149: 381-394.
63. + channels in rat Schwann cells. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 20:76.
64. Mikol, D.D., and Stefansson, K. (1988) A phosphatidylinositol-linked peanut agglutinin-binding glycoprotein in central nervous system myelin and on oligodendrocytes. J. Cell Biol., 106:1273-1279.
65. Mikol, D.D., Gulcher, J.R., and Stefansson, K. (1990) The oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein belongs to a distinct family of proteins and contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate. J. Cell Biol., 110:471-479.
66. Mirsky, R., and Jessen, K.R. (1990) Schwann cell development and the regulation of myelination. Semin. Neurosci., 2:423-435.
67. Momoi, T., Tokunaga, T., and Nagai, Y. (1982) Specific interaction of peanut agglutinin with the glycolipid asialo GM1. FEBS Lett., 141: 6-10.
68. Montag, D., Giese, K.P., Bartsch, U., Martini, R., Lang, Y., Bluthmann, H., Karthigasan, J., Kirschner, D.A., Wintergerst, E.S., Nave, K.-A., Zielasek, J., Toyka, K.V., Lipp, H.-P., and Schachner, M. (1994) Mice deficient for the myelin-associated glycoprotein show subtle abnormalities in myelin. Neuron, 13:229-246.
69. Nagafuchi, A., Tsukita, S., and Takeichi, M. (1993) Transmembrane control of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Semin. Cell Biol., 4:175-181.
70. Ogawa-Goto, K., Funamoto, N., Ohta, Y., Abe, T., and Nagashima, K. (1992) Myelin gangliosides of human peripheral nervous system: An enrichment of GM1 in the motor nerve myelin isolated from cauda equina. J. Neurochem., 59:1844-1849.
71. Peters, A., Palay, S.L., and Webster, H.d. (1991) The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. New York, Oxford University Press, 494 pp.
72. Pinner, B., and Campbell, J.B. (1965) Alkaline phosphatase activity of incisures and nodes during degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers. Exp. Neurol., 12:159-172.
73. Pinner, B., Davison, J.F., and Campbell, J.B. (1964) Alkaline phosphatase in peripheral nerves. Science, 145:936-938.
74. Quick, D.C., and Waxman, S.G. (1977) Ferric ion, ferrocyanide, and inorganic phosphate as cytochemical reactants at peripheral nodes of Ranvier. J. Neurocytol., 6:555-570.
75. Ranvier, M.A. (1878) Lecons sur Histologie du Systeme Nerveux.
76. Paris, Savy, Rieger, F., Daniloff, J. K., Pincon-Raymond, M., Crossin, K.C., Grumet, M., and Edelman, G. M. (1986) Neuronal cell adhesion molecules and cytotactin are colocalized at the node of Ranvier. J. Cell Biol., 103:379-391.
77. Ritchie, J.M. (1992) Voltage-gated ion channels in Schwann cells and glia. Trends Neurosci., 15:345-351.
78. Ritchie, J.M., and Rogart, R.P. (1977) Density of sodium channels in mammalian myelinated nerve fibers and nature of the axonal membrane under the myelin sheath. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74: 211-215.
79. Ritchie, J.M., Black, J.A., Waxman, S.G., and Angelides, K.J. (1990) Sodium channels in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A., 87:9290-9294.
80. Ropper, A.H., Wijdicks, E.F.M. and Truax, B.T. (1991) Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Philadelphia, F. A. Davis, 369 pp.
81. 1 antibodies. Neurology, 40:1067-1072.
82. Sandri, C., Van Buren, J.M., and Akert, K. (1982) Membrane morphology of the vertebrate nervous system. Prog. Brain Res., 46:201-265.
83. Sanes, J.R., Engvall, E., Butkowsky, R., and Hunter, D.D. (1990) Molecular heterogeneity of basal laminae: Isoforms of laminin and collagen IV at neuromuscular junction and elsewhere. J. Cell Biol., 111:1685-1699.
84. Santoro, M., Thomas, F.P., Fink, M.E., Lange, D.J., Uncini, A., Wadia, N.H., Latov, N., and Hays, A.P. (1990) IgM deposits at nodes of Ranvier in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anti-GM1 antibodies, and multifocal motor conduction block. Ann. Neurol., 28:373-377.
85. +)-ATPase in the goldfish optic nerve. J. Neurochem., 36:107-115.
86. Srinivasan, Y., Elmer, L., Davis, H., Bennett, V., and Angelides, K. (1988) Ankyrin and spectrin associate with voltage-dependent sodium channels in brain. Nature, 333:177-180.
87. Streit, W.J., Schulte, B.A., Spicer, S.S., and Balentine, J. D. (1985) Histochemical localization of galactose-containing glycoconjugate at peripheral nodes of Ranvier in the rat. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 33:33-39.
88. Suter, U., Welcher, A.A., and Snipes, G.J. (1993) Progress in the molecular understanding of hereditary peripheral neuropathies reveals new insights into the biology of the peripheral nervous system. Trends Neurosci., 16:50-56.
89. Takeichi, M. (1990) Cadherins: A molecular family important in selective cell-cell adhesion. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 59:237-252.
90. Thomas, F.K., Trajaborg, W., Nagy, C., Santoro, M., Sadiq, S.A., Latov, N., and Hays, A.P. (1991) Experimental autoimmune neuropathy with anti-GM1 antibodies and immunoglobulin deposits at the nodes of Ranvier. Acta Neuropathol., 82:378-383.
91. Thomas, P.K., and Ochoa, J. (1984) Microscopic anatomy of peripheral nerve fibers. In: Peripheral Neuropathy, P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas, E.H. Lambert, and R. Bunge, eds. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, pp. 39-96.
92. Tona, A., Pendes, G., Rahemtulla, F., and Dahl, D. (1993) Extracellular matrix in regenerating rat sciatic nerve: A comparative study on the localization of laminin, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including versican. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 41:593-599.
93. Trapp, B.D., and Quarles, R.H. (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein. Fact or artifact? J. Neuroimmunol., 6:231-249.
94. Trapp, B.D., Andrew, S.B., Cootauco, C., and Quarles, R. (1989a) The myelin-associated glycoprotein is enriched in multivesicular bodies and periaxonal membrane of actively myelinating oligodendrocytes. J. Cell Biol., 109:2417-2425.
95. Trapp, B.D., Andrews, S.B., Wong, A., O'Connell, M., and Griffin, J.W. (1989b) Co-localization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein and the microfilament components, F-actin and spectrin, in Schwann cells of myelinated nerve fibers. J. Neurocytol., 18:47-60.
96. Vriesendorp, F.J., Mishu, B., Blaser, M.J., and Koski, C.L. (1994) Serum antibodies to GM1, GD1b, peripheral nerve myelin, and Campylobacter jejuni, in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome and controls: Correlation and prognosis. Ann. Neurol., 34:130-135.
97. + channels in terminal and juxtaparanodal regions of neurons. Nature, 365:75-79.
98. Waxman, S.G., and Black, J.A. (1987) Macromolecular structure of the Schwann cell membrane. Perinodal microvilli. J. Neurol. Sci., 77:23-34.
99. Webster, H.d., and Favilla, J.T. (1984) Development of peripheral nerve fibers. In: Peripheral Neuropathy. P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas, E.H. Lambert, and R. Bunge, eds. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, pp. 329-359.
100. Willecke, K., Hennemann, H., Dahl, E., Jungbluth, S., and Heynkes, R. (1991) The diversity of connexin genes encoding gap junctional proteins. Eur. J. Cell Biol., 56:1-7.
101. Wilson, G.F., and Chiu, S.Y. (1990) Ion channels in axon and Schwann cell membranes at paranodes of mammalian myelinated fibers studied with patch clamp. J. Neurosci., 10:3263-3274.
102. Wood, J.G., Jean, D.H., Whitaker, J.N., McLaughlin, B.J., and Albers, R.W. (1977) Immunocytochemical localization of the sodium, potassium activated ATPase in knifefish brain. J. Neurocytol., 6:571-581.
103. Yuki, N., Yamada, M., Sato, S., Ohama, E., Kawase, Y., Ikuta, F., and Miyatake, T. (1993) Association of IgG anti-GD1a antibody with severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 16:642-647.