Recognition and treatment of unstable angina

Drugs

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 196-208

  Brunelli, Claudio ^a,b   Spallarossa, Paolo ^a   Rossettin, Pierfranco ^a   Caponnetto, Salvatore ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^b DIMI   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; AMLODIPINE; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DILTIAZEM; EPTIFIBATIDE; ESMOLOL; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HEPARIN; HIRULOG; ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE; METOPROLOL; NIFEDIPINE; NITRATE; PROPRANOLOL; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; TICLOPIDINE; UROKINASE; VERAPAMIL; WARFARIN;

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ATHEROGENESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; META ANALYSIS; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; STOMACH HEMORRHAGE; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; SUBLINGUAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; TRANSDERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

ANGINA; THROMBUS;

EID: 0029781274     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199652020-00004     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Graves EJ. Detailed diagnosis and procedures. National hospital discharge survey. 1992. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics 1994: 13 (118)
2. Lindenfeld J, Morrison DA. Toward a stable clinical classification of unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 May; 25 (6): 1293-4
3. Conti CR. Pathophysiology and management of unstable angina [editorial]. Clin Cardiol 1989 Nov; 12 (11): 616-7
4. Braunwald E. Unstable angina. A classification. Circulation 1989 Aug: 80 (2): 410-4
5. Rizik DG, Healy S, Margulis A, et al. A new clinical classification for hospital prognosis of unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1995 May: 75 (15): 993-7
6. Braunwald E, Mark DB, Jones RH, et al. Unstable angina: diagnosis and management. Clinical Practice Guideline no. 10. AHCPR publication No. 94-0602. Rockville (MD): Agency for Heallh Care Policy and Research and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1994 May
7. Greenfield S, Nelson EC, Subkoff M, et al. Variations in resource utilizations among medical specialties and systems of care: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1992 Mar 25; 267 (12): 1624-30
8. Van de Wert F, Topol EJ, Lee KL, et al., for the GUSTO Investigators. Variations in patient management and outcomes for acute myocardial infarction in the United States and other countries. Results from the GUSTO trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. JAMA 1995 May; 273 (20): 1586-91
9. The TIMI IIIB Investigators. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator and a comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Resulis ot the TIMI IIIB trial. Circulation 1994 Apr; 89 (4): 1545-56
10. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988 Aug 13: 11 (8607): 349-60
11. Lewis HDJ, Davies JW, Archibald DG, et al. TI: Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1983 Aug 18: 309 (7): 396-403
12. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or bolh in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1985 Nov 28: 313 (22): 1369-75
13. Wallentin LC. Aspirin (75 mg/day) after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease: long-term effects on the risk for myocardial infarction, occurrence of severe angina and the need for revascularization. Research Group on Instability in Coronary Artery Disease in Southeast Sweden. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991 Dec; 18 (7): 1587-93
14. Vejar M, Hackett D, Brunelli C, et al. Comparison of low dose aspirin and coronary vasodilators in acute unstable angina. Circulation 1990 Jan: 81 (I Suppl.): 14-111
15. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomized trial of antiplatelet therapy. I. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged anti-platelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994 Jan 8; 308 (6921): 81-106
16. Prichard PJ, Kitchingman GK, Walt RP, et al. Human gastric mucosal bleeding induced but low dose aspirin, but not warfarin. BMJ 1989 Feb 25; 298 (6672): 493-6
17. Hawkey CJ, Somerville KW, Marshall S. Prophylaxis of aspirin induced gastric mucosal bleeding with ranitidine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1988 Jun; 2 (3): 245-52
18. Prichard PJ, Kitchingman GK, Hawkey CJ. Gastric mucosal bleeding: what dose of aspirin is safe? [abstract]. Gut 1987; 28: A1401
19. Balsano F, Rizzon P, Violi P, et al. Antiplatelet treatment with ticlopidine in unstable angina. A controlled multicenter clinical trial. The Studio della Tielopidina nell' Angina Instabile Group. Circulation 1990 Jul; 82 (1): 17-26
20. Saltiel E, Ward A. Ticlopidine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in platelet dependent disease states. Drugs 1987 Aug; 34 (2): 222-6
21. Telford AM, Wilson C. Trial of heparin versus atenolol in prevention of myocardial infarction in intermediate coronary syndrome. Lancet 1981 Jun: 1 (8232): 1225-8
22. Gottlieb SO, Weisfeldt ML, Ouyang P, et al. Effect of the addition of propranotol to therapy with nifedipine tor unstable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 1986 Feb; 73 (2): 331-7
23. Lubsen J, Tijssen JG. Efficacy of nifedipine and metoprolol in the early treatment of unstable angina in the coronary care unit: findings from the Holland Interuniversity Nifedipine/metoprolol Trial (HINT). Am J Cardiol 1987 Jul; 60 (2): 18A-25A
24. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trial in heart disease. Unstable angina, heart failure, primary prevention with aspirin, and risk factor modification. JAMA 1988 Oct; 260 (15): 2259-63
25. Nordlander R. Use of nitrates in treatment of unstable angina and variant angina. Drugs 1987: 33 Suppl. 4: 131-9
26. Fitzgerald DJ, Roy L, Robertson RM, et al. The effects of organic nitrates on prostacyclin biosynthesis and platelet function in humans. Circulation 1984 Aug; 70: 297-302
27. Loscalzo J. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of organic nitrates. Am J Cardiol 1992 Sep 24; 70 (8): 18B-22B
28. Abrams J. The role of nitrates in coronary heart disesae. Arch Intern Med 1995 Feb 27; 155 (4): 357-64
29. Figueras J, Lidon R, Cortadellas-J. Rebound myocardial ischaemia following abrupt interruption of intravenous nitroglycerin infusion in patients with unstable angina at rest. Eur Heart J 1991 Mar; 12 (3): 405-11
30. Hirsh J, Dalen JE, Deykin D, et al. Heparin: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing considerations, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 1992 Oct; 102 (4 Suppl.): 337S-51S
31. Theroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, et al. Aspirin, heparin or both to treat acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1988 Oct 27; 319 (17): 1105-11
32. Theroux P, Waters D, Qiu S, et al. Aspirin versus heparin to prevent myocardial infarction during the acute phase of unstable angina. Circulation 1993 Nov; 88 (5 Pt 1): 2045-8
33. The RISC Group. Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. Lancet 1990 Oct 6: 336 (8719): 827-30
34. Holdright D, Patel D, Cunningham D, et al. Comparison of the effect of heparin and aspirin alone on transient myocardial ischemia and in-hospital prognosis in patients with unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994 Jul; 24: 39-45
35. Cohen M, Adams PC, Parry G, et al. Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group. Circulation 1994 Jan: 89 (1): 81-8
36. Neri Serneri GG, Gensini GF, Poggesi L, et al. Effect of heparin, aspirin, or alteplase in reduction of myocardial ischaemia in refractory unstable angina. Lancet 1990 Mar 17; 335 (8690): 615-8
37. Gunnarsson PS, Sawyer WT, Montague D, et al. Appropriate use of heparin. Empiric vs nomogram-based dosing. Arch Intern Med 1995 Mar 13; 155 (5): 526-32
38. Neri Serneri GG, Modesti PA, Gensini GF, et al. Randomised comparison of subcutaneous heparin, intravenous heparin. and aspirin in unstable angina. Studio Eparina Sottocutanea nell'Angina Instabile Refrattaria Group (SESAIR). Lancet 1995 May 13; 345 (8959): 1201-4
39. Theroux P, Waters D, Lam J, et al. Reactivation of unstable angina after the discontinuation of heparin. N Engl J Med 1992 Jul 16; 327 (3): 141-5
40. Gold HK, Torres F, Garabedian H, et al. Evidence for a rebound coagulation phenomenon after cessation ot a 4-hour infusion of a specific thrombin inhibitor in patients with unstable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 Apr; 21 (5): 1039-47
41. Granger CB, Miller JM, Bovill EG, et al. Rebound increase in thrombin generation and activity after cessation of intravenous heparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 1995 Apr 1; 91(7): 1929-35
42. Gurfinkel EP, Manos EJ, Mejail RI, et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus regular heparin or aspirin in treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 Aug; 26 (2): 313-8
43. Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) Study Group. Low molecular weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 561-8
44. Theroux P, Taeymans Y, Morissette D, et al. A randomized study comparing propranolol and diltiazem in the treatment of unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985 Mar; 5 (3): 717-22
45. Held PH, Yusuf S, Furberg C. Calcium channel blockers in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina: an overview. BMJ 1984 Nov; 299: 1187-92
46. Muller JE, Turi ZG, Pearle DL, et al. Nifedipine and conventional therapy for unstable angina pectoris: a randomized double-blind comparison. Circulation 1984 Apr; 69: 728-39
47. Gerstenblith G, Ouyang P, Achuff SC, et al. Nifedipine in unstable angina: a double-blind randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1982 Apr; 306 (15): 885-9
48. Schreiber TL, Elkhatib A, Grines CL, et al. Cardiologist versus internist management of patients with unstable angina: treatment patterns and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 Sep; 26: 577-82
49. Fennerty AG, Thomas P, Backhouse G, et al. Audit of control of heparin treatment. BMJ 1985 Jan 5; 290 (6461): 27-8
50. Wheeler AP, Jaquiss RDB, Newman JH. Physician practices in the treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 1988 Jun; 148 (6): 1321-5
51. Grambow DW, Topol EJ. Effect of maximal medical therapy on refractoriness of unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1992 Sep 1; 70 (6): 577-81
52. Kaiser GC, Schaff HV, Killip T. Myocardial revascularization for unstable angina pectoris. Circulation 1989 Jun; 79 (6 Pl 2): 160-7
53. Cowley MJ, Dorros G, Kelsey SF, et al. Acute coronary events associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1984 Jun 15; 53: 12C-16C
54. Gotoh K, Minamino-T, Katoh-O, et al. The role of intracoronary thrombus in unstable angina: angiographic assessment and thrombolytic therapy during ongoing anginal attacks. Circulation 1988 Mar; 77 (3): 526-34
55. Coller BE, Scudder LE. Inhibition of dog platelet function by in vivo infusion of F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoproteinIIb/IIIa receptor. Blood 1985 Dec; 66 (6): 1456-9
56. Topol EJ. Novel Antithrombotic approaches to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1995 Feb 23; 75(6): 27B-33B
57. Simoons ML, de Boer MJ, van den Brand MJ, et al. Randomized trial of a GPIIB/IIIA platelet receptor blocker in refractory unstable angina. European Cooperative Study Group. Circulation 1994 Feb; 89 (2): 596-603
58. Ferguson JJ, The Editor. IMPACT II results announced. Circulation 1995 Aug 15; 92 (4): 697
59. Brunelli C, Spallarossa P, Ghigliotti G, et al. Thrombolysis in refractory unstable angina? Am J Cardiol 1991 Sep 3; 68 (7): 110B-8B
60. Falk E. Coronary thrombosis: pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Am J Cardiol 1991 Sep 3; 68 (7): 28B-35B
61. Fitzgerald DJ, Catella F, Roy L, et al. Marked platelet activation in vivo after intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1988 Jan; 77 (1): 142-50
62. Owen J, Friedman KD, Grossman BA, et al. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase induces transient thrombin activity. Blood 1988 Aug: 72 (2): 616-20
63. Romeo F, Rosano GMC, Martuscelli E, et al. Effectiveness of prolonged low dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for refractory unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 May; 25 (6): 1295-9
64. Schoebel FC, Leschke M, Stein D, et al. Chronic-intermittent urokinase therapy in refractory angina pectoris. Fibrinolysis 1995 Apr; 9 Suppl. 1: 121-5
65. Brunelli C, Spallarossa P, Ghigliotti G, et al. Thrombolytic therapy in refractory unstable angina: the role of Holter Monitoring. Clin Cardiol 1991 Apr; 14 (4): 297-304
66. Colman RW, Marder VJ, Salzman EW, et al. Overview in hemostasis. In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, et al., editors. Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1994: 3-18
67. Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Hirudin: initial results in acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 Jun; 25 (7 Suppl.): 30S-7S
68. Verstraete M, Zoldhelyi P. Novel antithrombotic drugs in development. Drugs 1995 Jun; 49 (6): 856-84
69. Topol EJ, Fuster V, Harrington RA, et al. Recombinant hirudin for unstable angina pectoris. A multicenter, randomized angiographic trial. Circulation 1994 Apr; 89 (4): 1557-66
70. The GUSTO IIa Investigators. Randomized trial of intravenous heparin versus recombinant Hirudin for acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 1994 Oct; 90 (4): 1631-7
71. Lindon R-M, Theroux P, Juneau M, et al. Initial experience with a direct antithrombin, hirulog, in unstable angina: anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and clinical effects. Circulation 1993 Oct; 88 (4): 1495-501
72. Sharma GVRK, Lapses D, Vita JA, et al. Usefulness and tolerability of Hirulog, a direct thrombin-inhibitor, in unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1993 Dec; 72 (18): 1357-60
73. Fuchs J, Cannon CP, and the TIMI 7 Investigators. Hirulog in the treatment of unstable angina. Results of the Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI 7) trial. Circulation 1995 Aug 15; 92 (4): 727-33
74. Lefkovits J, Topol EJ. Direct thrombin inhibitors in cardiovascular medicine. Circulation 1994 Sept; 90 (3): 1522-36
75. Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1995 Aug; 92: 657-71
76. Frishman WH, Lazar EJ, Reduction of mortality, sudden death, and non fatal reinfarction with beta-adrenergic blockers in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: a new hypothesis regarding the cardioprotective action of β-adrenergic blockade. Am J Cardiol 1990 Nov 6; 66 (16): 66G-70G
77. Lonn EM, Yusuf S, Jha P, et al. Emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection. Circulation 1994 Oct; 90 (4): 2056-69
78. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994 Nov; 344: 1383-9
79. Brown BG, Zhao X-Q, Sacco DE, et al. Lipid lowering and plaque regression. New insights into prevention of plaque disruption and clinical events in coronary disease. Circulation 1993 Jun; 87 (6): 1781-91
80. Swan HJC. Why cardiologists must be interested in lipids. Am J Cardiol 1995 May 15; 75 (15): 1067-8