Therapeutic perspectives in actinic and other keratoses

International Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 35, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 533-538

  Schwartz, Robert A ^a  

^a RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

(2 CHLOROETHYL) (3 CHLOROPROPYL) SULFIDE; 1 CHLORO 2,4 DINITROBENZENE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUOROURACIL; NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID; SOLASODINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACTINIC KERATOSIS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; KERATOSIS; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; REVIEW; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 0029779638     PISSN: 00119059     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03649.x     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Schwartz RA. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:4-56.
2. Schwartz RA, Stoll HL Jr. Epithelial neoplasms and precancerous lesions. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al., eds. Dermatology in general medicine. 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993:804-821.
3. Unna PG. Die Histopathologie der Hautkrankheiten. Berlin: August Hirschwald Verlag, 1894:719-724.
4. Dubreuilh W. Des hyperkeratoses circonscrites. In: JJ Pringle, ed. Third International Congress of Dermatology. London, August 4th to 8th, 1896. Official Transactions, London: Waterlow and Sons, 1898:125-176.
5. Unna PG. Über das Wesen der normalen und pathologischen Verhornung. In: JJ Pringle, ed. Third International Congress of Dermatology. London, August 4th to 8th, 1896. Official Transactions, London: Waterlow and Sons, 1898:95-118.
6. Schwartz RA. Premalignant keratinocytic neoplasms. J Am Acad Dermatol. (In press)
7. Duhreuilh W. Épithéliomatose d'origine solaire. Ann Dermatol Syphiligr 1907; 38:387-416.
8. Engman MF. Precancerous conditions of the skin. J Lab Clin Med 1915; 1:31-39.
9. Darier J. A text-book of dermatology. Authorized translation from the second French edition edited with notes by S. Pollitzer. Philadelphia: Lea & Febinger, 1920: 209-210.
10. McCoy JN. Solar keratoses and cutaneous cancer. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1920; 1:175-181.
11. Freudenthal W. Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile. Arch f Dermatol u Syph (Berlin) 1926; 152:505-528.
12. Freudenthal W. Rumpfhautepitheliom (nebst Bemerkungen über die Verruca senilis und das Keratoma senile. Arch f Dermatol u Syph (Berlin) 1929; 158:539-544.
13. Hookey JA. Keratoma senilis and verruca senilis. A clinical and histopathologic study. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1931; 23:946-959.
14. Bloch B. Cancers and precancerous affections from the dermatological viewpoint. Cancer Rev 1932; 7:65-98.
15. Montgomery H, Dörffel J. Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile. Arch f Dermatol u Syph (Berlin) 1932; 166: 286-296.
16. MacKee GM, Cipollaro AC. Cutaneous cancer and precancer. A practical monograph. New York: Am J Cancer, 1937:4-99.
17. Montgomery H. Precancerous dermatosis and epithelioma in situ. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1939; 39:387-408.
18. Frost CA, Green AC. Epidemiology of solar keratoses. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131:455-464.
19. Bendl BJ, Graham JH. New concepts on the origin of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin: solar (senile) keratosis with squamous cell carcinoma - a clinicopathologic and histochemical study. In: 6th National Cancer Conference Proceedings. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1970:471-488.
20. Lambert WC, Schwartz RA. Evidence for origin of basal cell carcinomas in solar (actinic) keratoses. J Cutan Pathol 1988; 15:322. [Abstr]
21. Hurwitz RM, Monger LE. Solar keratosis: an evolving squamous cell carcinoma. Benign or malignant? Dermatol Surg 1995; 21:184. (Letter)
22. Marks R, Foley P, Goodman G, et al. Spontaneous remission of solar keratoses: the case for conservative management. Br J Dermatol 1986; 115:649-655.
23. Mostow EN, Johnson TM. Malignant transformation from actinic keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128:560-561. (Letter)
24. Dodson JM, DeSpain J, Hewett JE, et al. Malignant potential of actinic keratoses and the controversy over treatment. A patient-oriented perspective. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127:1029-1031.
25. Marks R. The role of treatment of actinic keratoses in the prevention of morbidity and mortality due to squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127:1031-1033.
26. Marks R, Rennie G, Selwood TS. Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet 1988; i:795-796.
27. Fukamizu H, Inoue K, Matsumoto K, et al. Metastatic squamous-cell carcinomas derived from solar keratosis. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1985; 11:518-522.
28. Lund HZ. How often does squamous cell carcinoma of skin metastasize? Arch Dermatol 1965; 92:635-637.
29. Graham JH. Selected precancerous skin and mucocutaneous lesions. In: Neoplasms of skin and malignant melanoma. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1976: 69-121.
30. Pinkus H. Actinic keratosis - actinic skin. In: Andrade R, Gumport SL, Popkin GL, et al., eds. Cancer of the skin biology-diagnosis-management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1976:437-457.
31. Marks R. Solar keratoses. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122 (Suppl 35):49-60.
32. Drake LA, Ceilley RI, Cornelison RL, et al. Guidelines of care for actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:95-98.
33. Falkson G, Schulz EJ. Skin changes in patients treated with 5-fluorouracil. Br J Dermatol 1962; 74:229-236.
34. Launde J, Henschke CI, Mohammed N. The Tanzanian human albino skin. Natural history. Cancer 1985; 55: 1823-1828.
35. Picascia DD, Robinson JK. Actinic cheilitis: a review of the etiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17:255-264.
36. Umbert P, Sanchez-Pegafia M, Salleras M. Actinic keratosis with follicular invasion. J Cutan Pathol 1995; 22: 76. [Abstr]
37. Thianprasit M. Chronic cutaneous arsenism treated with aromatic retinoid. J Med Assoc Thailand 1984; 67:93-100.
38. Jackson R, Laughlin S. Historical survey of methods of treatment of skin cancer. In: Schwartz RA, ed. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:276-291.
39. Klein E, Milgrom H, Helm F. Tumors of the skin. I. Effects of local use of cytostatic agents. Skin 1962; 1: 81-87.
40. Burgess GH, Bloch A, Stoll H, et al. Effect of topical tubercidin on basal cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses. Cancer 1974; 34:250-253.
41. Klein E. Tumors of the skin. X. Immunotherapy of cutaneous and mucosal neoplasms. NY State J Med 1968; 68:900-911.
42. Klein E. Tumors of skin. IX. Local cytostatic therapy of cutaneous and mucosal premalignant and malignant lesions. NY State J Med 1968; 68:886-899.
43. Belisario JC. Ten years' experience with topical cytotoxic therapy for cutaneous cancer and precancer - type and number of lesions treated (Part I). Cutis 1970; 6: 293-306.
44. Belisario JC. Ten years' experience with topical cytotoxic therapy for cutaneous cancer and precancer - type and number of lesions treated (Part II). Cutis 1970; 6:401-412.
45. Klein E, Stoll HL Jr, Milgrom H, et al. Tumors of skin. XII. Topical 5-fluorouracil for epidermal neoplasms. J Surg Oncol 1971; 3:331-350.
46. Klein E, Schwartz RA. Cancer and the skin. In: Holland JF, Frei E III, eds. Cancer medicine. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1982:2057-2108.
47. Klein E, Schwartz RA, Case RW, et al. Accessible tumors. In: LoBuglio AF, ed. Clinical immunotherapy. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1980:31-71.
48. Dabski K, Helm F. Immunotherapy. In: Schwartz RA, ed. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:363-377.
49. Eaglstein WH, Weinstein GD, Frost P. Fluorouracil: mechanism of action in human skin and actinic keratoses. I. Effect on DNA synthesis in vivo. Arch Dermatol 1970; 101:132-139.
50. Robinson TA, Kligman AM. Treatment of solar keratoses of the extremities with retinoic acid and 5-fluorouracil. Br J Dermatol 1975; 92:703-706.
51. Bercovitch L. Topical chemotherapy of actinic keratoses of the upper extremities with tretinoin and 5-fluorouracil: a double-blinded controlled study. Br J Dermatol 1987; 116:549-552.
52. Breza T, Taylor JR, Eaglstein WH. Noninflammatory destruction of actinic keratoses by fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1976; 112:1256-1258.
53. Klein E, Stoll HL, Miller E, et al. The effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment in the treatment of neoplastic dermatoses. Dermatologica 1970; 140(Suppl 1):21-33.
54. Lawrence N, Cox SE, Cockerell CJ, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid vs. 5% fluorouracil in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131:176-181.
55. Dzubow LM. Treatment of actinic keratoses. "Life in the fast lane." Dermatol Surg 1995; 21:121.
56. Unis ME. Short-term intensive 5-fluorouracil treatment of actinic keratoses. Dermatol Surg 1995; 21:162-163.
57. Pearlman DL. Weekly pulse dosing: effective and comfortable topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of multiple facial actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 25: 665-667.
58. Griffin TD, Van Scott EJ. Use of pyruvic acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: a clinical and histopathologic study. Cutis 1991; 47:325-329.
59. Goldman L. The response of skin cancer to topical therapy with 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Chemother Reports 1963; 28:49-52.
60. Abadir DM. Combination of topical 5-fluorouracil with cryotherapy for treatment of actinic keratoses. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1983; 9:403-404.
61. Field LM. Dermabrasion vs. 5-FU for actinic damage. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 6:269-270. (Letter)
62. Dillaha CJ, Jansen GT, Honeycutt WM, et al. Selective cytotoxic effect of topical 5-fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1963; 88:247-256.
63. Dillaha CJ, Jansen GT, Honeycutt WM, et al. Further studies with topical 5-fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1965; 92:410-417.
64. Dabski K, Helm F. Topical chemotherapy. In: Schwartz RA, ed. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:378-389.
65. Simmonds WL. Double-blind investigation comparing a 1%-vs-5% 5-fluorouracil topical cream in patients with multiple actinic keratoses. Cutis 1973; 12:615-617.
66. Belisario JC. Topical cytotoxic therapy for cutaneous cancer and pre-cancer. Arch Dermatol 1965; 92:293-303.
67. Sams WM. Untoward response with topical fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1968; 97:14-19.
68. de Berker D, Marren P, Powell SM, et al. Contact sensitivity to the stearyl alcohol in Efudix cream (5-fluorouracil). Contact Dermatitis 1992; 26:138.
69. Epstein E. Warning! Masoprocol is a potent sensitizer. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31:295-296. (Letter)
70. Olsen EA, Abernethy ML, Kulp-Shorten C, et al. A double-blind, vehicle-controlled study evaluating masoprocol cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses on the head and neck. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24:738-743.
71. Kulp-Shorten C, Konnikov N, Callen J. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of masoprocol and 5-fluorouracil cream for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the head and neck. J Geriatr Dermatol 1993; 1:161-168.
72. Olsen EA, Abernethy ML, Kulp-Shorten C, et al. Reply to Epstein E: Warning! Masoprocol is a potent sensitizer. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31:296-297. (Letter)
73. Brown RJ. A comparative evaluation of masoprocol vs. 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104:694. [Abstr]
74. Cham BE, Daunter B, Evans RA. Topical treatment of malignant and premalignant skin lesions by very low concentrations of a standard mixture (BEC) of solasodine glycosides. Cancer Lett 1991; 59:183-192.
75. Cham BE. Solasodine glycosides as anticancer agents: preclinical and clinical studies. Asia Pacific J Pharmacol 1994; 9:113-118.
76. Strzelczyk M, Dubieniecki W, Rutkowski M, et al. New original preparations antineoplastic (skin cancers) - Sulficyd-antiexudative and antiinflammatory - ulcer CLEPS. In: Szarmach H, ed. Advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of skin and venereal diseases. Proceedings of the 24th Congress of the Polish Dermatologic Society, Gdańsk, Poland, September 24-26, 1992. Gdańsk: Drukamia Archidiecezji Gdańskiej, 1992:790-795.
77. Jackson R, Laughlin S. Electrodesiccation and curettage. In: Schwartz RA, ed. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:292-295.
78. Kuflik EG. Cryosurgery updated. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31:925-944.
79. 2O) w praktyce dermatologicznej. Przegl Dermatol 1995; 82:547-554.
80. Kaźmierowski M, Bowszyc J. Dermatologiczne wskazania do krioterapii płynnym azotem i podtlenkiem azotu ze szczególnym uwzglȩ, dnieniem nowotworów skóry. Przegl Dermatol 1985; 72:330-338.
81. Lubritz RR, Smolewski SA. Cryosurgery cure rate of premalignant leukoplakia of the lower lip. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1983; 9:235-237.
82. Lubritz RR, Smolewski SA. Cryosurgery cure rate of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 7:631-632.
83. Kuflik EG, Kuflik AS. Cryosurgery. In: Demis DJ, ed. Clinical dermatology. 20th Ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1993:Unit 37-5:1-5.
84. Drake LA, Ceilley RI, Cornelison RL, et al. Guidelines of care for cryosurgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31: 648-653.
85. Crutcher WA. Cryosurgery of cutaneous malignancies: In: Schwartz RA. Skin cancer recognition and management. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:299-310.
86. Holt PJA. Cryotherapy for skin cancer: results of a 5-year period using liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery. Br J Dermatol 1988; 119:231-240.
87. Chiarello SE. Full-face cryo- (liquid nitrogen) peel. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18:329-332.
88. Placek W, Jasiel E, Czubek M, et al. Thermoelectric cryosurgery in dermatology. In: Omulecki A, ed. Congressus Dermatologiae 23-25.06.1995. Łódź. Streszczenie referatów. Warsaw, Poland: SB Publications, 1995: 212. [Abstr]
89. 2b on actinic keratoses. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990; 16:446-449.
90. Shuttleworth D, Marks R. A comparison of the effects of intralesional interferon α-2b and topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of solar keratoses and Bowen's disease. J Dermatol Treat 1989; 1:65-68.
91. Eckert RL, Agarwal C, Hembree JR, et al. Retinoids, interferon, human papillomavirus, and cancer. In: H. Mukhtar, ed. Skin cancer: mechanisms and human relevance. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1995:361-370.
92. Helm F, Klein E, Rivera EP. Studies on local administration of 2,3,5-tri-ethylene-imino-(1,4)-benzoquinone (trenimon) on epitheliomas and keratoses. J Invest Dermatol 1965; 45:152-159.
93. Peck GL. Topical tretinoin in actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15: 829-835.
94. Goldfarb MT, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ. Topical tretinoin: its use in daily practice to reverse photoageing. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122(Suppl 35):87-91.
95. Noszczyk M, Majeski S. Mechanizmy starzenia sie skóry oraz zapobiegawcze działanie retinoidów. Przegl Dermatol 1993; 80:441-446.
96. Rogoziński T, Geiger J-M, Czarnetzki BM, et al. Acitretin in the treatment and prevention of viral, premalignant and malignant skin lesions. J Dermatol Treat 1989; 1:91-93.
97. Meyskens FL Jr. Coming of age - the chemoprevention of cancer. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:825-827.
98. Misiewicz J, Sendagorta E, Golebiowska A, et al. Topical treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face with arotinoid methyl sulfone (Ro 14-9706) cream versus tretinoin cream: a double-blind, comparative study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24:448-451.
99. Alirezai M, Dupuy P, Amblard P, et al. Clinical evaluation of topical isotretinoin in the treatment of actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30:447-451.
100. Moriarty M, Dunn J, Darragh A, et al. Etretinate in treatment of actinic keratosis. A double-blind crossover study. Lancet 1982; i:364-365.
101. Hughes BR, Marks R, Pearse AD, et al. Clinical response and tissue effects of etretinate treatment of patients with solar keratoses and basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18:522-529.
102. Kaźmierowski M. Retinoidy w leczeniu raków i chłoniaków skóry. Postepy Dermatol 1993; 10:137-143.
103. Chen L-C, De Luca LM. Retinoid effects on skin cancer. In: Mukhtar H, ed. Skin cancer: mechanisms and human relevance. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995:401-424.
104. Stüttgen G. Zur Lokalbehandlung von Keratosen mit Vitamin-A-Säure. Dermatologica (Basel) 1962; 124:65-80.
105. Majewski S, Skopinska M, Bollag W, et al. Combination of isotretinoin and calcitriol for precancerous and cancerous skin lesions. Lancet 1994; 344:1510-1511. (Letter)
106. 3 in the treatment of precancerous lesions and skin cancers. In: Omulecki A, ed. Congressus Dermatologiae 23-25.06.1995. Łódź. Streszczenie referatów. Warsaw, Poland: SB Publications, 1995:44. [Abstr]
107. Noszczyk M, Majewski S, Rudnicka L, et al. The mechanisms of action of retinoids in the treatment of photoaged skin. In: Omulecki A, ed. Congressus Dermatologiae 23-25.06.1995. Łódź. Streszczenie referatów. Warsaw, Poland: SB Publications, 1995:72. [Abstr]
108. Hevia O, Nemeth AJ, Taylor JR. Tretinoin accelerates healing after trichloroacetic acid chemical peel. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127:678-682.
109. Verma AK. Protein kinase C and skin cancer prevention. In: Mukhtar A, ed. Skin cancer: mechanisms and human relevance. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995:383-390.
110. Agarwal R, Katiyar SK, Mukhtar H. Skin cancer chemo-prevention by naturally occurring polyphenols. In: Mukhtar H, ed. Skin cancer: mechanisms and human relevance. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995:391-399.
111. Zelickson BD, Roenigk RK. Actinic cheilitis. Treatment with the carbon dioxide laser. Cancer 1990; 65:1307-1311.
112. Spicer MS, Goldberg DJ. Lasers in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34:1-25.
113. 2 laser for dermatology including facial resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 1995; 15(Suppl 7):50. [Abstr]
114. Sidorowicz W. Zastosowanie lasera argonowego w leczeniu wybanych zmian skórnych. In: Szarmach H, ed. Advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of skin and venereal diseases. Proceedings of the 24th Congress of the Polish Dermatologic Society Gdánsk. September 24-26, 1992. Gdańsk: Drukamia Archidiecezji Gdańskiej, 1992:860-864.
115. Rubisz-Brzezińska J, Brzezińska-Weisło L. Przydatność lasera wysokoenergetycznego Nd: YAG w terapii nabłoniaków podstawnokomórkowych skóry i niektórych stanów przednowotworowych. Przegl Dermatol 1993; 80:469-474.
116. Szeimies RM, Karrer S, Sauerwald A, et al. Photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: an initial clinical study. Dermatology (Basel) 1996; 192: 246-251.
117. Szeimies R-M, Karrer S, Heine A, Saucrwiad A, et al. Arsenic-induced skin tumors treated with topical photodynamic therapy after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Eur J Dermatol 1995; 5:208-211.
118. Winton GB, Salasche SJ. Dermabrasion of the scalp as a treatment for actinic damage. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14:661-668.
119. Nelson BR, Fader DJ, Gillard M, et al. The role of dermabrasion and chemical peels in the treatment of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:623-626.
120. Swinehart JM. Salicylic acid ointment peeling of the hands and forearms. Effective nonsurgical removal of pigmented lesions and actinic damage. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18:495-498.
121. Ditre CM, Griffin TD, Murphy GF, et al. The effects of alpha hydroxyacids (AHAs) on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histological and ultrastructural study. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104:690. [Abstr]
122. Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL. Treatment of photoaging. Facial chemical peeling (phenol and trichloroacetic acid) and dermabrasion. Clinics Plastic Surg 1993; 20:9-25.
123. Goh SH. The treatment of visible signs of senescence: the Asian experience. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122(Suppl 35): 105-109.
124. van Zuuren EJ, Posma AN, Scholtens REM, et al. Resurfacing the back of the hand as treatment and prevention of multiple skin cancers in kidney transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31:760-764.