A comparative study of the fire performance of halogenated and non-halogenated materials for cable applications. Part I tests on materials and insulated wires

Fire and Materials

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-16

  Barnes, Michael A ^a   Briggs, Peter J ^b,f   Hirschler, Marcelo M ^c   Matheson, Alister F ^d   O'Neill, Thomas J ^e  

^a EVC Compounds Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^b AKZO NOBEL CENTRAL RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^c GBH INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^d Aycliffe Industrial Estate   (United Kingdom)

^e DUPONT COMPANY   (United States)

^f Warrington Fire Res Consult Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGING OF MATERIALS; COMPOSITION; ELECTRIC CABLES; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; FIRE RESISTANCE; FLAMMABILITY; FLAMMABILITY TESTING; HALOGEN COMPOUNDS; MATERIALS TESTING; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; POLYOLEFINS; VINYL RESINS;

FIRE HAZARD ANALYSIS; HALOGENATED MATERIALS; NON HALOGENATED; SMOKE CORROSIVITY; SMOKE OBSCURATION;

POLYMERS;

EID: 0029779176     PISSN: 03080501     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199601)20:1<1::AID-FAM553>3.0.CO;2-W     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. P. H. Thomas, How heat release influences fire hazard. Proc. Int. Conf. 'Fire: Control the Heat ... Reduce the Hazard', Fire Rrsearch Station, UK, London, UK, 24-25 October 1988, paper 1, 1988.
2. V. Babrauskas and R. D. Peacock, Heat release rate: the single most important variable in fire hazard. Fire Safety J. 18, 255-72 (1992).
3. V. Babrauskas, R. D. Peacock, E. Braun, R. W. Bukowski and W. W. Jones, Fire performance of wire and cable: reaction-to-fire tests - A critical review of the existing methods and of new concepts. NIST Tech. Note 1291, 1991, Natl Inst. Stands Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
4. IEC 695-1-1 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 1: Guidance for Assessing Fire Hazard of Electrotechnical Products, Section 1: General Guidance. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland (1982).
5. IEC 695-1-2 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 1: Guidance for Assessing Fire Hazard of Electrotechnical Products, Section 2: Guidance for Electronic Components. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland (1982).
6. P. J. Briggs, Developments in international smoke obscuration tests and British assessment procedures for smoke hazards in fire scenarios containing plastics. In Characterization and Toxicity of Smoke, ASTM STP 1082, ed. by H. K. Hasegawa, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA (1990), pp. 34-45.
7. A. F. Matheson, R. Charge and T. Comelissen, Properties of PVC compounds with improved fire performance for electrical cables. Fire Safety Journal 19, 55-72 (1992).
8. A. E. Williamson, Developments in fire-retardant cables. Wire Industry, 115-17, February (1985).
9. S. Kaufman, PVC in communications cables. Journal of Vinyl Technology 7 (3) (September) 107-11 (1985).
10. M. M. Hirschler, Fire performance of poly(vinyl chloride) and its relation to fire hazard, 31st IUPAC Microsymp. on Macro-molecules Poly(Vinyl Chloride), Prague, 18-21 July (1988), Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 29, 133-53 (1989).
11. M. M. Hirschler, Fire performance of poly(vinyl chloride) and its relation to fire hazard, 31st IUPAC Microsymp. on Macro-molecules Poly(Vinyl Chloride), Prague, 18-21 July (1988), Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 29, 133-53 (1989).
12. M. A. Baenes and A. F. Matheson, A case for halogenated products for reduced fire hazard cable, Inst. Mech. Engineers, Conf. on Materials and Design for Fire C438/012, p. 97 (1992).
13. M. A. Barnes, An experimental review of the performance of PVC in reduced fire hazard cable. In Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on PVC, PVC The Future. The Institute of Materials, Brighton (UK), 27-29 April 1993, pp. 454-79.
14. A. F. Matheson and R. Charge, Comparison of the fire behaviour of different materials in cable construction. Flame Retardants '94 Conference, 26-27 January 1994, Interscience Communications Ltd, London, pp. 73-92.
15. T. J. O'Neill, The heat and flame response of flame retardant halogenated and non-halogenated polymers and compounds. Proc. Flame Retardants '90 Conference, Elsevier Science, London, pp. 43-53, (1990).
16. J. W. Weatherley, Enhanced safety in fires: development and testing of electric cables with low smoke and gas emission. Materials & Design 4, 889-891 (1983).
17. Why have non-halogenous cables? Fire International 91, 43-6 (1984).
18. H. A. Mayer, Halogen-free fire resisting cables. Wire Industry 432-35, July (1985).
19. Y. Lecoq, New aid-to-safety electrical cables. Wire Industry 712-14, November (1966).
20. T. L Joumeaux, Recent developments in fire performance cables. Proc. PRI Cables Conference. University of Lancas ter, Lancaster, UK, September (1986).
21. J. A. Taylor, Halogen-free, low-smoke, fire retardant compounds for the wire and cable industry. Proc PRI Cables Conference, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK September (1986).
22. M. Teylor, P. Richardson, J. Preston and J. Teylor, Second generation thermoplastic, zerohalogen, low-smoke, fire-reterdant insulation compound. Proc. 39th. Int. Wire & Cable Symp., US Army Communications Electronics Commend (CECOM), Fort Monmoutn NJ, ed. by E.F. Godwin, Reno, NV, 13-15 November 1990, p. 673-82.
23. M. M. Hirtchler, First order evaluation of fire hazard in a room due to the burning of pory(vinyl chloride) products in a plenum: estimation of the time required to establish an untenable atmosphere. J. Fire Sci. 6, 100-20 (1988).
24. F. M. Galloway and M. M. Hirschler, Fire hazard in a room due to a fire starting in a plenum: Effect of poly(vinyl chloride) wire coating. In Fire and Polymers: Hazards Identification and Prevention, ed. by G.L. Nelson, ACS Symposium Series 425, Developed from Symp. at 197th ACS Mtg. Dallas, TX, 9-14, April 1989, Amer. Chem. Soc. Weshington, DC, Chapter 28, 462-478 (1990).
25. R. W. Bukowski, Toxic hazard analysis of plenum cables. Fire Technology 21, No. 4, 252-66 (1985).
26. R. W. Bukowski, F. B. Clarke, J. R. Hall and S. W. Stiefel, Fire risk assessment method: case study 3: concealed combustibles in hotels. NISTIR 90-4245, NIST, May 1990, National Fire Protection Research Foundation, NFPA, Quincy, MA, July (1990).
27. E. D. Weil, M. M. Hirschler, N. Patel, M. Said and S. Shakir, Oxygen Index: correlations to other fire tests. Fire and Materials 16, 159-67 (1992).
28. J. E. Doe, The combustion toxicology of Polyvinylchloride revisited. J. Fire Sciences 5, 228-47 (1987).
29. D. A. Purser, Toxicity assessment of combustion products. In The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Boston, MA (1988), pp. 1.200-245.
30. M. M. Hirschler, Fire retardance, smoke toxicity and fire hazard. In Flame Retardants '94, Conference, 26-27 January 1994, Interscience Communications Ltd, London, pp. 226-37.
31. M. M. Hirschler, Analysis of an attachment for use with the National Bureau of Standards smoke density chamber to enable measurements of smoke obscuration to be done at different orientations. Fire and Materiels 17, 173-83 (1993).
32. P. J. Briggs, Smoke generation - developments in international test methods and use -of data for selection of materials and products. Fire Safety Journal 20, 341-51 (1993).
33. T. J. O'Neill, Assessing the corrosion risk of plastics in fires. Fire Safety Journal 15, 45-56 (1989).
34. S. J. Grayson and M. M. Hirschler, Testing for corrosivity of smoke in materials and products, Fire and Materials, 1st Int. Conf. and Exhibition, Crystal City, VA, 24-25 Sept 1992, pp 201-212.
35. M. M. Hirschler, Discussion of Smoke Corrosivity Test Methods: Analysis of Exiting Tests end of their Results, Fire and Materials 17, 231-248 (1993).
36. ISO DIS 11907, Part 2, Condensing mode (CNET test), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
37. M. M. Hirschler, Plastics, heat release from plastic materials. Chapter 12a, in Heat Release in Fires, UK. ed. by V. Babrauskas and S. J. Grayson, Elsevier, London, 1992, pp. 373-4.
38. M. J. Scudamore, P. J. Briggs and F. H. Prager, Cone calorimetry - a review of tests carried out on plastics for the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe. Fire and Materials 15, 86-84 (1991).