Intergrowths of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites in some sulphide ores from Norway

Mineralogical Magazine

Volumn 60, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 303-316

  Lianxing, Gu ^a,b   Vokes, Frank M ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Annealing; Exsolution; Magnetic colloid; Metamorphism; Pyrrhotite

Indexed keywords

ANNEALING; EXSOLUTION; MAGNETIC COLLOID METHOD; METAMORPHISM; PYRRHOTITE;

NORWAY;

ANNEALING; COLLOIDS; COPPER DEPOSITS; COPPER NICKEL DEPOSITS; DEPOSITS; GRAIN BOUNDARIES; NICKEL DEPOSITS;

ANISOTROPIC STRESS; EXSOLUTION; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTION; INTER-GROWTHS; MAGNETIC COLLOIDS; METAMORPHISM; PYRRHOTITE; SULPHIDE ORES;

IRON ORES;

EID: 0029776584     PISSN: 0026461X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1180/minmag.1996.060.399.05     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Arnold, R.G. (1962) Equilibrium relations between pyrrhotite and pyrite from 325° to 743°C. Econ. Geol., 57, 72-90.
2. Arnold, R.G. (1967) Range in composition and structure of 82 natural terrestrial pyrrhotites. Canad. Mineral., 9, 31-50.
3. Arnold, R.G. (1969) Pyrrhotite phase relations below 304±6°C at <1 aim total pressure. Econ. Geol., 64, 405-19.
4. Bennett, C.E.G., Graham, J. and Thornber, M.R. (1972) New observations on natural pyrrhotites. Part I. mineragraphic techniques. Amer. Mineral.. 57, 445-62.
5. Bjørlykke, A., Grenne, T., Rui. I. and Vokes, F.M. (1980) A review of Caledonian stratabound sulphide deposits in Norway. Geol. Survey Ireland Spec. Paper, 5, 29-46.
6. Boyd, R. and Mathiesen, C.O. (1979) The nickel mineralization of the Råna mafic intrusion, Nordland, Norway. Canad. Mineral., 17, 287-98.
7. Boyd, R and Nixon, F. (1985) Norwegian nickel deposits: a review. In: Nickel-Copper Deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian Caledonides. (H. Papunen and G.I. Gorbunov, eds.) Geol. Surv. Finland, Bull., 333, 363-94.
8. Brady, J.B. (1987) Coarsening of fine-scale exsolution lamellae. Amer. Mineral., 72, 697-706.
9. Brickwood, J.D. (1986) The geology and mineralogy of some Fe-Cu-Ni sulphide deposits in the Bamble area, Norway. Norsk geol. tidsskr., 66, 189-208.
10. Bugge, J.W.A. (1978) Norway. In: Mineral Deposits of Europe, vol. 1, Northwest Europe (S.H.U. Bowie, A. Kvalhcim and H.W. Haslam, eds.). Inst. Mining Metall./Min. Soc., London, 199-246.
11. Byström, A. (1945) Monoclinic magnetic pyrites. Ark. Kemi Mineral. Geol., 19B, 1-8.
12. Carpenter, R.H. (1974) Pyrrhotite isograde in Southeastern Tennessee and Southwestern North Carolina. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 85, 451-8.
13. Carpenter, R.H. and Desborough, B.A. (1964) Range in solid solution and structure of naturally occurring troilite and pyrrhotite. Amer. Mineral., 49, 1350-65.
14. Carstens, C.W. (1923) Der unterordovisische Vulkanhorizont in dem Trondhjemgebiet. mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in ihm auftretender Kiesvorkommen. Norsk geol tidsskr., 7, 185-270.
15. Cathles, L.M. (1993) A capless 350°C flow zone model to explain megaplumes, salinity variations, and high-temperature veins in ridge axis hydrothermal systems. Econ. Geol., 88, 1977-88.
16. Clark, A.H. (1966) Stability field of monoclinic pyrrhotite: Trans. Inst. Mining Metall., Sect. B, 75, 232-5.
17. Clark B.R. and Kelly, W.C. (1976) Experimental deformation of common sulphide minerals. In: The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks (R.G.J. Strens, ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 51-69.
18. Cook, N.J., Halls, C. and Boyle, A.P. (1993) Deformation and metamorphism of massive sulphides at Sulujelma, Norway. Mineral. Mag., 57, 67-82.
19. Cook, N.J., Halls, C. and Kaspersen, P. (1990) The geology of the Sulitjelma ore field. Northern Norway - some new interpretations. Econ. Geol., 85, 1720-37.
20. Craig J.R. and Vaughan, D.J. (1981) Ore Microscopy and Ore Petrography. John Wiley & Sons Press, New York, 406 pp.
21. Craig, J.R. and Vokes, P.M. (1992) Ore mineralogy of the Appalachian-Caledonian stratahound sulfide deposits. Ore Geol. Rev., 7, 77-123.
22. Craig, J.R. and Vokes, F.M. (1993) The metamorphism of pyrite and pyritic ores: an overview. Mineral. Mag., 57, 3-18.
23. Desborough, G.A. and Carpenter, R.H. (1965) Phase relations of pyrrhotite. Econ. Geol., 60, 1431-50.
24. Durazzo, A. and Taylor, A. (1982) Exsolution in the mss-pentlandite system: textural and genetic implications for Ni-sulphide ores. Mineral. Deposita, 17, 313-32.
25. Fleet, M.E. and Macrae, N. (1969). Two-phase hexagonal pyrrhotites. Canad. Mineral., 9, 699-705.
26. Foslie, S. (1926) Norges svovelkisforekomster. Norges geol. unders., 127, 69-70.
27. Grenne, T., Grammeltvedt, G. and Vokes, F.M. (1980) Cyprus-type sulphide deposits in the western Trondheim district, Central Norwegian Caledonides. In: Ophiolites (A. Panayiotou, ed.). Proc. Int. Ophiolite Symp., Cyprus 1979. - Repub. Cyprus, Minist. Agrig. Nat. Res., Geol. Surv. Dept., 727-43.
28. Grenne, T. (1989) The feeder zone to the Løkken ophiolite-hosted massive sulphide deposits and related mineralizations in the central Norwegian Caledonides. Econ. Geol., 84, 2173-95.
29. Gribble, C.D. and Hall, A.J. (1992) Optical Mineralogy: Principles & Practice. University College London Press, 303 pp.
30. Gu Lianxing, Zheng Sujuan and Lu Jianjun (1988) The intergrowth and origin of pyrrhotite polymorphs in the South China-type massive sulfide deposit at Mashan, Anhui Province (in Chinese with an English abstract). Collections of Mineralogy and Petrology, 5, 21-8.
31. Gu Lianxing, Hu Wenxuan, He Jinxian and Xu Yaotong (1993) Geology and Genesis of the Upper Paleozoic Massive sulphide deposits in South China. Trans. Inst. Mining Metall., Sect. B, 83-96.
32. Gu Lianxing and McClay, K.R. (1992) Pyrite deformation in stratiform lead-zinc deposits of the Canadian Cordillera. Mineral. Deposita, 27, 169-81.
33. Joesten, R.L. (1991) Kinetics of coarsening and diffusion-controlled mineral growth. In Contact Metamorphism (D.M. Kerrick, ed.). BookCrafters Inc. 507-82.
34. Kelly D.P. and Vaughan, D.J. (1983) Pyrrhotinepentlandite ore textures: a mechanistic approach, Mineral. Mag., 47, 453-63.
35. Kissin, S.A. and Scott, S.D. (1982) Phase relations involving pyrrhotite below 350°C. Econ. Geol., 77, 1739-54.
36. Kübler, L and Lindqvist, B. (1979) Tectonic control of pyrrhotite phase distribution studied on a fold structure. Lithos, 12, 241-9.
37. Lalou, C., Reyss, J.L., Brichet, E., Arnold, M., Thompson, G., Fouquet, Y. and Rona. P. (1993) New age data for Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites: TAG and Snakepit chronology revisited. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9705-14.
38. Lindahl, I. (1974) Öknomisk geologi og prospektering i Vaddas - Rieppe feltet, Nord-Troms. Del. I: Geologi og malmgeologi. Unpubl. doc. thesis, Norw. Inst. Techn., Trondheim. 175 pp.
39. Lusk, J., Scott, S.D and Ford, C.E. (1993) Phase relations in the Fe-Zn-S system to 5 Kbars and temperature between 325° and 150°C. Econ. Geol., 88, 1880-903
40. MacDonald, K.C., Becker, K., Spiess, F.N. and Ballard, R.D. (1980) Hydrothermal heat flux of the 'Black smoker' vents on the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 48, 1-7.
41. Markham, N. and Stevens, B. (1982) Geology of the orebody and enclosing rocks. In Minerals of Broken Hill (H.K. Worner and R.W. Mitchell, eds.). Australian Mining & Smelting Limited, Melbourne, 42-9.
42. McClay K.R. and Ellis, P.G. (1983) Deformation and recrystallization of pyrite. Mineral. Mag., 47, 527-38.
43. Missack, E., Stoffers, P. and Goresy, A. El (1989) Mineralogy, parageneses. and phase relations of copper-iron sulfides in the Atlantis II deep, Red Sea. Mineral. Deposita, 24, 82-91.
44. Nakazawa, H. and Morimoto, N. (1970) Pyrrhotite phase relations below 320°C. Proc. Japan Acad., 46, 678-83.
45. 1-xS. Mat. Res. Bull., 6, 345-58.
46. Naldrett, A.J., Craig, J.R. and Kullerud, G.A. (1967) The central portion of the Fe-Ni-S system and its bearing on pentlandite exsolution in iron-nickel sulphide ores. Econ. Geol., 62, 826-47.
47. Reinsbakken, A. (1986a) The Gjersvik Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposit in a bimodal metavolcanic sequence. In: Stratabound Sulphide Deposits in the Central Scandinavian Caledonides (M.B. Stephens, ed.). Sveriges geol. unders., Ser. Ca. No. 60, 50-68.
48. Reinsbakken, A. (1986b) The Joma Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposit hosted by mafic metavolcanites. In: Stratabound Sulphide Deposits in the Central Scandinavian Caledonides (M.B. Stephens, ed.). Sveriges geol. unders., Ser. Ca. No. 60, 45-9.
49. Rekstad, J. (1921) Eidsberg (Geology within the Eidsberg 1:100 000 rectangle). Norges geol. unders., 88, 76 pp.
50. Robin, P.-Y.F. (1974) Thermodynamic equilibrium across a coherent interface in a stressed crystal. Amer. Mineral., 59, 1286-98.
51. Sand, K. (1986) A study of Paleozoic Iron Formations in the Central Norwegian Caledonides. Geol. Inst., Univ. Trondheim-Norses tekn. høgsk. Rpt. 23 (b), 23 pp.
52. Scott, S.D., Both, R.A. and Kissin, S.A. (1977) Sulfide petrology of the Broken Hill region, New South Wales. Econ. Geol., 72, 1410-25.
53. Spry, A. (1969) Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 350 pp.
54. Stanton, R.L. (1972) Ore Petrology. McGraw-Hill, New York, 713 pp.
55. Stephens, M.B., Swinden, H.S. and Slack J.F. (1984) Correlation of massive sulphide deposits in the Applachian-Caledonian Orogen on the basis of Paleotectonic setting. Econ. Geol., 79, 1442-78.
56. Sugaki, A., Shima, A., Kitakaze, A. and Fukuoka, M. (1977) Hydrothermal synthesis of pyrrhotites and their phase relation at low temperature. Studies on the pyrrhotite group minerals (4). Tohoku Univ. Sci. Rept., ser.3, 13, 165-82.
57. Vaughan, D.J., Schwarz, E.J. and Owens, D.R. (1971) Pyrrhotites from the Strathcona mine, Sudbury, Canada: a thermomagnetic and mineralogical study. Econ. Geol., 66, 1131-44.
58. Vaughan, D.J. and Craig J.R. (1978) Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulphides. Cambridge University Press. 492 pp.
59. Vokes, F.M. (1957) The copper deposits of the Birtavarre district, Troms, Northern Norway. Norges geol. unders., 199, 239 pp.
60. Vokes, F.M. (1962) Mineral paragenesis of the massive sulphide ore bodies of the Caledonides of Norway. Econ. Geol., 57, 890-903.
61. Vokes, F.M. (1963) Geological studies on the Caledonian pyritic zinc-lead orebody at Bleikvassli, Nordland, Norway: Norges geol. unders., 222, 126 pp.
62. Vokes, F.M. (1968) Regional metamorphism of the Paleozoic geosynclinal sulphide ore deposits of Norway. Trans. Inst. Mining. Metall., Sect. B. 53-9.
63. Vokes, F.M. (1976) Caledonian massive sulphide deposits in Scandinavia: A comparative review. In Handbook of Stratabound and Stratiform Ores (H. Wolf, ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 79-127.
64. Vokes, P.M. (1988) Latest Proterozoic and Phanerozoic metallogeny in Fennoscandia. Procs. 7th Quadr. IAGOD Symp., 41-58.
65. Von Gehlen, K. (1963) Pyrrhotite phase relations at low temperatures. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 62, 213-4.
66. Yund, R.A. and Davidson, P. (1978) Kinetics of lamellar coarsening in cryptoperthites. Amer. Mineral., 63, 470-7.
67. Yund, R.A. and Hall, H.T. (1969) Hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites. Econ. Geol., 64, 420-3.
68. Yund, R.A. and Hall, H.T. (1970) Kinetics and mechanism of pyrite exsolution from pyrrhotite. J. Petrol., 11, part 2, 381-404.
69. Yund, R.A., McLaren, A.C. and Hobbs, B.E. (1974) Coarsening kinetics of exsolution microstructure in alkali feldspar. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 48, 45-55.
70. Zhang Zhengen, Li Xilin and Chen Guoxi (1976) A study of hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotites and their distinctive characteristics in a mining district, Guangxi Province (in Chinese with an English abstract). Geochemica, no. 1, 54-63.