Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change

Science

Volumn 272, Issue 5260, 1996, Pages 393-396

  Trumbore, Susan E ^a   Chadwick, Oliver A ^a   Amundson, Ronald ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON CYCLE; CARBON DIOXIDE; DECOMPOSITION RATE; RESIDENT TIME; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; TEMPERATURE;

USA, CALIFORNIA, SIERRA NEVADA;

EID: 0029775314     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5260.393     Document Type: Article

References (40)

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10. These samples were collected as part of a soil vegetation survey of California [G. L. Huntington, thesis, University of California, Berkeley (1954)]
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14. D. W. Anderson and E. A. Paul, Soil Sci Soc Am. J. 48, 298 (1984); B J. O'Brien and J. D. Stout, Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 309 (1978); J. Balesdent, Sci Total Environ. 62, 405 (1987); A R. Townsend et al., Ecology 76, 721 (1995).
15. D. W. Anderson and E. A. Paul, Soil Sci Soc Am. J. 48, 298 (1984); B J. O'Brien and J. D. Stout, Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 309 (1978); J. Balesdent, Sci Total Environ. 62, 405 (1987); A R. Townsend et al., Ecology 76, 721 (1995).
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17. -1 at 2900 m. Precipitation is primarily in late fall, winter, and early spring. Above 1000 m elevation, precipitation falls as a mixture of rain and snow.
18. Vegetation is mixed conifer at all but the Fallbrook site, which is dominated by oak trees and annual grasses. At 1200 m, the dominant tree species are ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and manzanita. At 1800 to 1900 m, white fir, ponderosa, and sugar pine dominate, whereas at 2900 m, Sierra juniper, western white pine, and lodgepole pine dominate
19. F. Harradine and H Jenny, Soil Sci. 85, 235 (1958).
20. 14C was measured on graphite targets [J. S. Vogel, Radiocarbon 34, 344 (1992)] with the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Center for AWS at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California [J R Southon et al., Radiocarbon 34, 473 (1992)].
21. 14C was measured on graphite targets [J. S. Vogel, Radiocarbon 34, 344 (1992)] with the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Center for AWS at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California [J R Southon et al., Radiocarbon 34, 473 (1992)].
22. 14C was measured on graphite targets [J. S. Vogel, Radiocarbon 34, 344 (1992)] with the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Center for AWS at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California [J R Southon et al., Radiocarbon 34, 473 (1992)].
23. We chose the genetic soil A horizon (total depths ranging from 12 to 23 cm; Table 1), rather than a standard depth interval, because the properties of A horizon organic matter differ from those of the horizons below The total inventory of carbon in the soil A honzon roughly equals that of surface detritus (surface litter) and is between 50 and 90% of the total SOM integrated to 80 cm.
24. 14C from measurements in the dense, untreated and dense, hydrolysis residue fractions.
25. 13C corrections
26. 14C values for pre-bomb samples, these values ranged from 2 to 62% of the hydrolyzable carbon. The second approach gives the minimum turnover time
27. The Fallbrook site has been in continuous pasture since the late 1950s. The Shaver site was logged between 1959 and 1992; we sampled in an unlogged stand of trees
28. -1 [R Valentini et al , Ecology 76, 1940 (1995)].
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33. W. M Post et al., Nature 298, 156 (1982); D S. Jenkinson, D. E. Adams, A. Wild, ibid. 351, 304 (1991); A R. Townsend et al., Clim. Change 22, 293 (1992).
34. M. Kirschbaum, Soil Biol. Biochem 27, 753 (1995).
35. 10 is the rate of a biological process (here, decomposition) at one temperature divided by the rate of the process at a temperature 10°C cooler.]
36. 10 is the rate of a biological process (here, decomposition) at one temperature divided by the rate of the process at a temperature 10°C cooler.]
37. E G. Dutton and J. R. Christy, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 2313 (1992), G. W. Basset and Z Y Lin, Clim. Change 25, 179 (1993).
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39. J. Harte, Consider a Spherical Cow (University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA, 1985), p. 257.
40. 14C samples, and all of those responsible for maintaining soil archives at the University of California, Berkeley. Original field notes and topographic maps for the Sierra Nevada from 1958 through 1963 were from G Huntington, University of California, Davis