Exposures and health effects: An evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 343-350

  Trout, Douglas ^a   Esswein, Eric J ^a   Hales, Thomas ^a   Brown, Kenneth ^a   Solomon, Gina ^b   Miller, Michael ^c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

air monitoring; airbags; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; biological monitoring; blood pressure; hydrazoic acid; hypotension; sodium azide

Indexed keywords

SODIUM AZIDE;

AIR MONITORING; ARTICLE; AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HUMAN; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; WORKPLACE;

ADULT; AZIDES; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HUMANS; HYPOTENSION; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PROTECTIVE DEVICES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SODIUM AZIDE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES;

EID: 0029764343     PISSN: 02713586     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199609)30:3<343::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-W     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abrams J, El-Mallakh RS, Meyer R (1987): Suicidal sodium azide ingestion. Ann Emerg Med 16:1378-1380.
2. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1991): Sodium azide. In ACGIH, "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values." 6th Ed. Cincinnati, OH: pp 1403-1407.
3. Arco-Galan C, Suarez-Fernandez C, Gabriel-Sanchez R (1994): What happens to blood pressure when on-call. Am J Hypertension 7:396-401.
4. Bassendowska E, Kowalski Z (1962): Investigation of the toxicity of sodium azide. Med Pracy (Poland) 12:427-442. Abstracted in: Bull Hyg 37:463.
5. Bassendowska E, Kowalski Z (1962): Investigation of the toxicity of sodium azide. Med Pracy (Poland) 12:427-442. Abstracted in: Bull Hyg 37:463.
6. Black MM, Zweifach BW, Speer FD (1954): Comparison of hypotensive action of sodium azide in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Proc Soc Exp Bio Med 85:11-16.
7. Einert C, Adams W, Crothers R, Moore H, Ottoboni F (1963): Exposure to mixtures of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 24:435-447.
8. "Farm Chemicals Handbook" (1991): Willoughby, OH: Meister, p C-32.
9. Fiedler N, Vivona-Vaughan E, Gochfeld M (1989): Evaluation of a work-site relaxation training program using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Occup Med 31:595-602.
10. Frederick KA, Babish JG (1982): Evaluation of mutagenicity an other adverse effects of occupational exposure to sodium azide. Reg Toxicol Pharm 2:308-322.
11. Graham JDP, Rogan JM, Robertson DG (1948): Observations on hydrazoic acid. J Ind Hyg Tox 30:98-102.
12. Green MS, Schwartz K, Harari G, Najenson T (1991): Industrial noise exposure and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate. J Occup Med 33:879-883.
13. Hitt JM (1992): Automobile air-bag industry toxic exposures. In Sullivan JB, Krieger GR (eds): "Hazardous Materials Toxicology, Clinical Principles of Environmental Health." Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, pp 533-537.
14. Hoffler GW, Wolthuis RA, Johnson RL (1974): Apollo space crew cardiovascular evaluations. Aerospace Med 45:807-820.
15. Howard JD, Skogerboe KJ, Case GA, Raisys VA, Lacsina EQ (1990): Death following accidental sodium azide ingestion. J Forens Sci 35:193-196.
16. Klein-Schwartz W (1989): Three fatal sodium azide poisonings. Med Tox Adverse Drug Exp 4:219-227.
17. Kleinhofs A, Owais WM, Nilan RA (1978): Azide. Mutat Res 55:165-195.
18. Lambert WE, Piette M, Peteghem CV, De Leenheer AP (1995): Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to a fatality involving azide. J Anal Toxicol 19:261-264.
19. Leier CV (1989): Approach to the patient with hypotension and shock. In Kelley WN (ed): "Textbook of Internal Medicine." Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, p 393.
20. Master AM, Dublin LI, Marks HH (1950): The normal blood pressure range and its clinical implications. JAMA 143:1464-1470.
21. NIOSH (1976): HHE 75-184-356, Klamath Reforestation Inc. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH.
22. NIOSH (1990): [unpublished provisional data as of July 1, 1990] National occupational exposure survey (1981-1983). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIOSH, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies.
23. NIOSH (1992): NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health: Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 92-100. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIOSH.
24. NIOSH (1995): Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance report: American Azide Corporation, Cedar City, UT. HETA 95-0023-2531. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIOSH.
25. OSHA (1992): Sodium azide and hydrazoic acid in workplace atmospheres. OSHA Salt Lake Analytical Laboratory, Branch of Inorganic Methods Development. OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center, Salt Lake City. Utah 84165-0200. Method Number ID-211, pp 1-38.
26. Pickering T (1994): Physiology and significance of blood pressure level and variability. In Pickering T (ed): "Ambulatory Blood Pressure." Redmond, WA: Spacelabs Medical, p 16.
27. Pickering TG, James GD, Boddie C, Harshfield GA, Blank S, Laragh JH (1988): How common is white coat hypertension? JAMA 259:225-228.
28. Reinhardt CF, Britelli MR (1981): Heterocyclic and miscellaneous compounds. In Clayton GD, Clayton FE (eds): "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology." 3rd Ed, Vol 2A. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 2778-2784.
29. Roth FE, Schurr J, Moutis E, Govier WM (1956): Comparative hypotensive effects and toxicity of sodium azide and selected organic azides. Arch Int Pharmacodyn CVIII:473-480.
30. Schnall PL, Pieper C, Schwartz JE, Karasek RA, Schlussel Y, Devereux RB, Ganau A, Alderman M, Warren K, Pickering TG (1990): The relationship between "job strain," workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index. JAMA 263:1929-1935.
31. Sheps SG, Pickering TG, White WB, Weber MA, Clement DL, Krakoff LR, Messerli FH, Perloff D (1994): Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:1511-1513.
32. Smith RP, Wilcox DE (1994): Toxicology of selected nitric oxide-donating xenobiotics, with particular reference to azide. Crit Rev Toxicol 24:355-377.
33. Smith RP, Louis CA, Kruszyna R, Kruszyna H (1991): Acute neurotoxicity of sodium azide and nitric oxide. Fund App Toxicol 17:120-127.
34. Staessen J, Fagard R, Lijnen P, Thijs L, van Hoof R, Amery A (1990): Reference values for ambulatory blood pressure: A meta-analysis. J Hypertension 8(suppl 6):s57-s64.
35. Staessen J, Bulpitt CJ, Fagard R, Mancia G, O'Brien E, Thijs L, Vyncke G, Amery A (1991): Reference values for the ambulatory blood pressure and the blood pressure measured at home: a population study. J Hum Hypertension 5:355-361.
36. Swarin SJ, Waldo RA (1982): Liquid chromatographic determination of azide as the 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl derivative.. J Liquid Chromatogr 5:597-604.
37. Szucs T, Schneeweiss A (1992): Cilazapril: An overview of its efficacy and safety in hypertension. Clin Pharm 80:34-41.
38. Theorell T, de Faire U, Johnson J, Hall E, Perski A, Stewart W (1991): Job strain and ambulatory blood pressure profiles. Scand J Work Environ Health 17:380-385.