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10144233730
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note
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Abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, lle; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S. Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; Y, Tyr; and X, uncharged amino acid.
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19
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10144235069
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note
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The afg3 rca1 double mutant, formally called WDAR2(167), has been described (11). Conversion of afg3 rca1 mutants to phenotypically wild-type cells was done by cotransformation of plasmids YC-plac33 and YCplac111 (carrying the AFG3 and RCA1 genes, respectively) under the control of their authentic promoters.
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20
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10144258919
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note
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The wild-type and mutant LON genes were overexpressed either on the 2μ plasmid YEplac181, under the control of the authentic LON promoter, or on the centromere-based plasmid pSEYc68, under the control of the GAL1 promoter. The wild-type LON gene was cloned into the Bam HI and Not I sites of pSEYc68. LON gene mutants were produced by the polymerase chan reaction (PCR). Primer pairs used for creating LON K638N were 5′-gttaagagctctagcgatagatttacctatggacgtAttaccaacacctgggggtcctacg3′ and 5′-ggatactgaaacgaccgt-3′. The amplified product was digested with Afl II and Sac I; this fragment was used to replace the corresponding region in the wild-type LON gene. The mutant LON S1040A was produced in a two-stage PCR reaction; first-stage primers were 5′-gtgacaccAgcagCtggaccatct-3′ and 5′-caggatatgttgctgaa-3′. The first primer bears at → A silent mutation removing a Pst I site and an a → C substitution replacing serine with alanine. The amplified product was used as a megaprimer in a second-stage reaction with primer 5′-cgtattcacatccttg-3′. The amplified product was digested with Xba I and Sna BI and cloned into the corresponding region of the wild-type LON gene. The 2μ constructs were made by cloning the wild-type LON gene into the Sal I site of YEplac 181, and then cloning the Nco I and Bgl II fragment of the mutated genes into the corresponding sites of the wild-type gene.
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10144226669
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note
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Immunoblot analysis of total cell extracts confirmed that the wild-type and mutant Lon proteins were stably overproduced at identical levels in the afg3 rca1 cells (M. Rep and C. K. Suzuki, data not shown).
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24
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0015935258
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T. L. Mason, R. O. Poyton, D. C. Wharton, G. Schatz, J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1346 (1973).
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Mason, T.L.1
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Schatz, G.4
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10144223131
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note
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Total cellular proteins were extracted from afg3 rca1 cells that had been transformed with an empty plasmid (pSEYc68) or with a plasmid carrying the wild-type LON or mutant LON S1040A gene and grown on galactose-containing selective medium, Immunoblot analysis indicated that the levels of cpn10, hsp60, mitochondrial hsp70, and hsp78 were comparable. In addition, transformation of the afg3 rca1 double mutant with plasmids resulting in the overproduction of these mitochondrial chaperones did not restore growth of the afg3 rca1 double mutant on ethanol and glycerol medium (M. Rep, J. M. van Dijl, C.K. Suzuki, data not shown).
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27
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0024309756
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Wickner, S.1
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35S]methionine essentially as described [T. Langer, A. Pajic, I. Wagner, W. Neupert, Methods Enzymol. 260, 495 (1995)]. Labeling was terminated with 20 mM unlabeled methionine and 100 μM puromycin; the mitochondria were washed three times with 0.6 M mannitol, 2 mM EGTA, and 10 mM tris-maleate (pH 6.8), incubated at 37°C, and assayed for trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity at the indicated times.
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Methods Enzymol.
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Click, B.S.1
Pon, L.2
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35
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0028840345
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35S]methionine essentially as described [T. Langer, A. Pajic, I. Wagner, W. Neupert, Methods Enzymol. 260, 495 (1995)]. Labeling was terminated with 20 mM unlabeled methionine and 100 μM puromycin; the mitochondria were washed three times with 0.6 M mannitol, 2 mM EGTA, and 10 mM tris-maleate (pH 6.8), incubated at 37°C, and assayed for trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity at the indicated times.
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Langer, T.1
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10144244206
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note
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125I-labeled protein A and autoradiography.
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37
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10144251193
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note
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1 ATPase and to mitochondrial hsp60. For quantitation, different amounts of protein were loaded to ensure that measurements were within the linear range; these different samples were prepared from 800, 400, and 200 μg of mitochondrial protein.
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38
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10144237453
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note
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Supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to G.S.), the Human Capital and Mobility Program of the European Union (to G.S. and L.A.G.), EMBO (to M.R. and J.M.v.D.), and the Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell Cancer Research Foundation (to C.K.S.).
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