Head circumference as a measure of cognitive reserve association with severity of impairment in Alzheimer's disease

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 169, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 86-92

  Graves, A B ^a,b,f   Mortimer, J A ^b,c,d   Larson, E B ^e   Wenzlow, A ^a   Bowen, J D ^e   Mccormick, W C ^e  

^a BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAIN SIZE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL TEST; POPULATION RESEARCH; SCREENING TEST;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASIAN AMERICANS; BRAIN; CEPHALOMETRY; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; ODDS RATIO; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; WASHINGTON;

EID: 0029760708     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.169.1.86     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: APA.
2. ANDREASEN, N. C., FLAUM, M., SWAYZE, V. II, et al (1993) Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 130-134.
3. BRANDT, I. (1978) Growth dynamics of low-birth weight infants with emphasis on the perinatal period. In Human Growth, Volume 2 (eds F. Faulkner & J. M. Tanner), pp. 469-518. New York: Plenum Press.
4. CAMERON, N. (1978) The methods of auxological anthropometry. In: Human Growth, Volume 2: Postnatal Growth (eds F. Falkner & J. M. Tanner), pp. 35-90. New York: Plenum Press.
5. DOBBING, J. & SANDS, J. (1973) Quantitative growth and development of human brain. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 49, 757-767.
6. ELO, I. T. & PRESTON, S. H. (1992) Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: a review. Population Index, 58, 186-212.
7. EMANUEL, I. (1993) Intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome: implications for teratology? In Issues and Reviews in Teratology, Volume 6 (ed. H. Kaltner), pp. 47-84. New York: Plenum Press.
8. EPSTEIN, H. T. (1979) Correlated brain and intelligence development in humans. In Development and Evolution of Brain Size (eds M. E. Hahn, C. Jensen & B. C. Dudek), pp.111-131. New York: Academic Press.
9. EVANS, D. A., SMITH, L. A., ALBERT, M. S., et al (1993) Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons. Annals of Epidemiology, 3, 71-77.
10. FOLSTEIN, M. F., FOLSTEIN, S. E. & MCHUGH, P. R. (1975). "Mini-Mental State". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
11. FORSTL, H., BURNS, A., JACOBY, R., et al (1991) Quantitative CT scan analysis in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: I. Computerized planimetry of cerebrospinal fluid areas. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6, 709-713.
12. GRAVES, A. B., LARSON, E. B., EDLAND, S., et al (1995) Prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in a total population of older Japanese Americans in King County, WA. Abstract Neurology, 45 (suppl 4), A216.
13. HACK, M., BRESLAU, N., WEISSMAN, B., et al (1991) Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age. New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 231-237.
14. HASEGAWA, K. (1983) The clinical assessment of dementia in the aged: a dementia screening scale for psychogeriatric patients. In: Aging in the Eighties and Beyond (eds M. Bergener, U. Lehr, E. Lang, et al), pp. 207-218. New York: Springer.
15. HOSMER, D. W. & LEMESHOW, S. (1989) Applied Logistic Regression. New York Wiley.
16. HUGHES, C. P., BERG, L., DANZIGER, W. L., et al (1982) A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 566-572.
17. JENSEN, A. R. & SINHA, S. N. (1993) Physical correlates of human intelligence. In Biological Approaches to the Study of Human Infelligence (ed. P. A. Vernon), pp. 139-242. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
18. KATZMAN, R., TERRY, R., DETERESA, R., et al (1988) Clinical, pathological and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Annals of Neurology, 23, 138-144.
19. LARSON, E. B., KUKULL, W. A., TERI, L., et al (1990) University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry. 1987-1988. Aging, 2, 404-408.
20. LYNN, R. (1989) A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence, positive correlations between height, head size and IQ. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, 372-377.
21. MARTORELL, R. & HABICHT, J. P. (1986) Growth in early childhood in developing countries. In Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise, 2nd edition. Volume 3: Methodology, Ecological, Genetic and Nutritional Effects on Growth (eds F. Falkner & J. M. Tanner), pp. 241-262. New York: Plenum Press.
22. MCKHANN, G., DRACHMANN, D., FOLSTEIN, M. F., et al (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939-944.
23. MILLER, A. K. H. & CORSELLIS, J. A. N. (1977) Evidence for a secular increase in human brain weight during the past century. Annals of Human Biology, 4, 253-257.
24. MORTIMER, J. A. & GRAVES, A. B. (1993) Education and other socioeconomic determinants of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 43 (Suppl.4), S39-S44.
25. NORUSIS, M. J. (1986) SPSS/PC+ for the IBM PC/XT/AT. Chicago, Ill: SPSS Inc.
26. SAS/STAT USER'S GUIDE (1990) Version 6, Fourth Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
27. SCHOFIELD, P. W., MOSESSON, R. E., STERN, Y., et al (1995) The age at onset of Alzheimer's disease and an intracranial area measurement. Archives of Neurology, 52, 95-98.
28. SELLS, C. J. (1977) Microcephaly in a normal school population. Pediatrics, 59, 262-265.
29. STERN, Y., GURLAND, B., TATEMICHI, T., et al (1994) Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 1004-1010.
30. TENG, E. L. & CHUI, H. C. (1987) The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48, 314-318.
31. _, HASEGAWA, K., HOMMA, A., et al (1994) The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): a practical test for cross-cultural epidemiologic studies of dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 6, 45-56.
32. TERI, L., MCCURRY, S. M., EDLAND, S. D., et al (1995) Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal investigation of risk factors for accelerated decline. Journal of Gerontology, 50A, M49-M55.
33. TOMLINSON, B. E., BLESSED, G. & ROTH, M. (1968) Observations on the brains of nondemented old people. Journal of Neurological Science, 7, 331-356.
34. VAN VALEN, L. (1974) Brain size and intelligence in man. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 40, 417-424.
35. ZAR, J. H. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis. 2nd edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
36. ZHANG, M. Y., KATZMAN, R., SALMON, D., et al (1990) The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender and education. Annals of Neurology, 27, 428-437.