The molecular genetics of sporadic and familial epithelial ovarian cancer

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 337-355

  Jacobs, I ^a,c   Lancaster, J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^c ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

familial; genetics; ovarian cancer

Indexed keywords

COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; DNA; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; ONCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN P53; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

CANCER GENETICS; CANCER RISK; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAMILIAL CANCER; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE ISOLATION; GROWTH REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MOLECULAR GENETICS; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

EID: 0029757664     PISSN: 1048891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.1996.06050337.x     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 759-67.
2. Schildkraut JM, Thompson WD. Familial ovarian cancer: a population based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 456-66.
3. Ponder BAJ, Easton DF, Peto J. Risk of ovarian cancer associated with a family history. In: Sharp F, Mason WP, Leake RE, eds. Ovarian Cancer, London: Chapman & Hall, 1989.
4. Bewtra C, Watson P, Conway T, Read-Hippee C, Lynch HT. Hereditary ovarian cancer: a clinicopathological study. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1992; 11: 180-7.
5. Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, et al. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science 1990; 250: 1684-9.
6. Narod SA, Feunteun J, Lynch HT, et al. Familial breast-ovarian cancer locus on chromosome 17q12-q23. Lancet 1991; 338: 82-3.
7. Easton DF, Bishop DT, Ford D, Crockford GP. Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Gene 1993; 52: 678-701.
8. Simard J, Feunteun J, Lenoir G, et al. Genetic mapping of the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome to a small interval on chromosome 17q12-21: exclusion of candidate genes EDH17B2 and RARA. Hum Molec Genet 1993; 2: 1193-9.
9. Miki Y, Swensen J, Schattuck-Eidens D, et al. Isolation of BRCA1, the 17q linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. Science 1994; 266; 66-71.
10. Castilla LH, Couch FJ, Erdos MR, et al. Mutations in the BRCA1 gene in families with early onset breast and ovarian cancer. Natur Genet 1994; 8: 387-91.
11. Simard J, Tonin P, Durocher F, et al. Common origins of BRCA1 mutations in Canadian breast and ovarian cancer families. Natur Genet 1994; 8: 392-8.
12. Friedman LS, Ostermeyer EA, Szabo CI, et al. Confirmation of BRCA1 by analysis of germline mutations linked to breast and ovarian cancer in ten families. Natur Genet 1994; 8: 299-404.
13. Smith SA, Easton DF, Evans DG, Ponder BA. Allele losses in the region 17q12-21 in familial breast and ovarian cancer involve the wild-type chromosome. Natur Genet 1992; 2: 128-31.
14. Easton D, Ford D, Peto J. Breast cancer. In: Fentiman IS, Taylor-Papadimitrious J, eds. Inherited Susceptibility to Breast Cancer, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.
15. Ford D, Easton DF, Bishop DT, Narod SA, Goldgar DE. Risks of cancer in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Lancet 1994; 343: 692-5.
16. Lynch HT, et al. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II). Cancer 1985; 15: 938-8.
17. Pättomäki P, Aaltonen LA, Sistonen P, et al. Genetic mapping of a locus predisposing to human colorectal cancer. Science 1993; 260: 810-12.
18. Aaltonen LA, Peltomaki P, Leach FS, et al. Clues to the pathogenesis of familial colorectal cancer. Science 1993; 260: 812-16.
19. Ionov Y, Peinado MA, Miakhosyan S, Shibata D, Penucho M. Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis. Nature 1993; 363: 558-61.
20. Thibodeau SN, Bren G, Schaid D. Microsatellite instability in cancer of the proximal colon. Science 1993; 260: 816-19.
21. Strand M, Prolla TA, Liskey RM, Petes TD. Nature 1993; 365: 274.
22. Leach FS, Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, et al. Mutations of a mutS Homolog in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cell 1993; 75: 1215-25.
23. Fishel R, Lascoe MK, Rao MRS, et al. The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell 1993; 75: 1027-38.
24. Lindblom A. Tannergârd, Werelius B, et al. Genetic mapping of a second locus predisposing to hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Natur Genet 1993; 5: 279-82.
25. Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Wei Y-F, et al. Mutation of a mutL Homolog on hereditary colon cancer. Science 1994; 263: 1625-9.
26. Jacobs I, Davies AP, Bridges J, et al. Prevalence screening for ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women by CA 125 measurement and ultrasonography. BMJ 1993; 306: 1030-4.
27. Campbell, S, Bourne T, Bradley E. Screening for ovarian cancer by transvaginal sonography and colour Doppler. Europ J Obstet, Gynecol Reprod Biolog 1993; 49: 33-4.
28. Bast R, Woolas R. Screening for ovarian cancer. Multiple markers may outperform CA 125 alone. BMJ 1993; 306: 1684-5.
29. Piver MS, Jishi MF, Tsukada Y, Nava G. Primary peritoneal carcinoma after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with a family history of ovarian cancer. A report of the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. Cancer 1993; 71: 2751-5.
30. Chen KT, Schooley JL, Flam MS. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis after prophylactic oophorectomy in familial ovarian cancer syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66: 93S-94S.
31. Cliby W, Ritland S, Hartmann L, et al. Human epithelial ovarian cancer allelotype. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2393-8.
32. Puls LE, Powell DE, DePriest PD, et al. Transition from benign to malignant epithelium in mucinous and serous ovarian crystadenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 47: 53-7.
33. Plaxe SC, Deligdisch L, Dottino PR, Cohen CJ. Ovarian intraepithelial neoplasia demonstrated in patients with stage I ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 38: 367-72.
34. Iversen OE, Skaarland E. Ploidy assessment of benign and malignant ovarian tumors by flow cytometry. A clinico-pathologic study. Cancer 1987; 60: 82-7.
35. Erba E, Ubezio P, Pepe S, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in human ovarian cancers. Br J Cancer 1989; 60: 45-50.
36. Murray K, Hopwood L, Volk D, Wilson JF. Cytofluorometric analysis of the DNA content in ovarian carcinoma and its relationship to patient survival. Cancer 1989; 63: 2456-60.
37. Brescia, RJ, Barakat RA, Beller U, et al. The prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. Cancer 1990; 65: 141-7.
38. Barnabei VM, Miller DS, Bauer KD, Murad TM, Rademaker AW, Lurain JR. Flow cytometric evaluation of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1584-90.
39. Khoo SK, Hurst T, Kearsley J, et al. Prognostic significance of tumor ploidy in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 39: 284-8.
40. Berchuck A, Boente MP, Kerns BJ, et al. Ploidy analysis of epithelial ovarian cancers using image cytometry. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 44: 61-5.
41. Whang-Peng J, Knutsen T, Douglass EC, et al. Cytogenetic studies in ovarian cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1984; 11, 91-106.
42. Tanaka K, Boice CR, Testa JR. Chromosome aberrations in nine patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989; 43: 1-14.
43. Pejovic T, Heim S, Mandahl N, et al. Consistent occurrence of a 19p+ marker chromosome and loss of lip material in ovarian seropapillary cystadenocarcinomas. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer 1989; 1: 167-71.
44. Roberts CG, Tattersall MH. Cytogenetic study of solid ovarian tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990; 48: 243-53.
45. Bello MJ, Moreno S, Rey JA. Involvement of 9p in metastatic ovarian adenocarcinomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990; 45: 223-9.
46. Huber H, Knogler W, Karlic H, Akrad M, Soregi G, Schweizer D. Structural chromosomal abnormalities in gynecologic malignancies. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990; 50: 189-97.
47. Gallion HH, Powell DE, Smith LW, et al. Chromosome abnormalities in human epithelial ovarian malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 38: 473-7.
48. Wake N, Hreshchyshyn MM, Piver SM et al. Specific cytogenetic changes in ovarian cancer involving chromosomes 6 and 14. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 4512-18.
49. Sheer D, Sheppard DM, Gorman PA, Ward B, Whelan RD, Hill BT. Cytogenetic analysis of four human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1987; 26:339-49.
50. Trent JM, Salmon SE. Karyotypic analysis of human ovarian carcinoma cells clones in short term agar culture. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1981; 3: 279-91.
51. Kusyk CJ, Turpening EL, Edwards CL, et al. Karyotype analysis of four solid gynaecologic tumours. Gynecol Oncol 1982; 14: 324-38.
52. Samuelson J, Katz S, Schwartz PE, Yang-Feng, TI. Chromosomal evolution through tumour progression in ovarian cancer. Am J Hum Genet 1988; 43: A33.
53. Mrozek K, Nedoszytko B, Babinska M, et al. Trisomy of chromosome 12 in a case of thecoma of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 36: 413-16.
54. Pejovic T, Heim S, Mandahl N, et al. Trisomy 12 is a consistent chromosomal aberration in benign ovarian tumors. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer 1990; 2: 48-52.
55. Yang-Feng TL, Li SB, Leung WY, Carcangiu ML, Schwartz PE. Trisomy 12 and K-ras-2 amplification in human ovarian tumors, Int J Cancer 1991; 48: 678-81.
56. Halverson D, Modi W, Dean M, et al. An oncogenic chromosome 8-9 gene fusion isolated following transfection of human ovarian carcinoma cell line DNA. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1085-9.
57. Berchuck A, Rodriguez G, Olt G, et al. Regulation of growth of normal ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cell lines by transforming growth factor-beta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 676-84.
58. Rodriguez GC, Berchuck A, Whitaker RS, Schlossman D, Clarke-Pearson DL, Bast R Jr. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal ovarian epithelium and ovarian cancer. II. Relationship between receptor expression and response to epidermal growth factor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 745-50.
59. Bast RC, Rodriguez GC, Wu S, et al. Factors regulating the growth of normal and malignant ovarian epithelium. In: Sharp F, Mason WP, Creasman W, eds. Ovarian Cancer II, Biology, Diagnosis and Management, London: Chapman and Hall Medical, 1992; 61-5.
60. Berchuck A, Rodriguez G, Kamel A, Soper JT, Clarke-Pearson DL, Bast R Jr. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and HER-2/neu in normal and neoplastic cervix, vulva, and vagina. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 381-7.
61. Mills GB, Hashimoto S, Hurteau J, et al. Regulation of growth of human ovarian cancer cells. In: Sharp F, Mason WP, Creasman W, eds. Ovarian Cancer II, Biology, Diagnosis and Management, London: Chapman and Hall Medical, 1992: 127-49.
62. Bartlett JM, Rabiasz GJ, Scott WN, Langdon SP, Smyth JF, Miller WR. Transforming growth factor-beta mRNA expression and growth control of human ovarian carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: 655-60.
63. Jozan S, Guerrin M, Mazars P, et al. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibits growth of a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OVCCR1) and is expressed in human ovarian tumors. Int J Cancer 1992; 52: 766-70.
64. Ramakrishnan S, Xu FJ, Brandt SJ, Niedel JE, Bast R Jr, Brown EL. Constitutive production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor by human ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 921-6.
65. Kacinski BM, Carter D, Kohorn EI, et al. Oncogene expression in vivo by ovarian adenocarcinomas and mixed-mullerian tumors. Yale J Biol Med 1989; 62: 379-92.
66. Xu FJ, Ramakrishnan S, Daly L, et al. Increased serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1356-62.
67. Kacinski BM, Carter D, Mittal K, et al. Ovarian adenocarcinomas express fms-complementary transcripts and fms antigen, often with coexpression of CSF-1. Am J Pathol 1990; 137: 135-47.
68. Baiocchi G, Kavanagh JJ, Talpaz M, Wharton JT, Gutterman JU, Kurzrock R. Expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in gynecologic malignancies. Cancer 1991; 67: 990-6.
69. Kacinski BM, Carter D, Mittal K, et al. High level expression of fms proto-oncogene mRNA is observed in clinically aggressive human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988; 15: 823-9.
70. Marth C, Lang T, Koza A, Mayer I, Daxenbichler G. Transforming growth factor-beta and ovarian carcinoma cells: regulation of proliferation and surface antigen expression. Cancer Letters 1990; 51: 221-5.
71. Naylor MS, Malik ST, Stamp GW, Jobling T, Balkwill FR. In situ detection of tumour necrosis factor in human ovarian cancer specimens. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26: 1027-30.
72. Malik ST, Griffin DB, Naylor MS, Fiers W, Oliff A, Balkwill FR. The complex effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) in human ovarian cancer xenograft models. [Review]. Prog Clin Biolog Res 1990; 349: 393-403.
73. Rosen EM, Goldberg ID, Liu D, et al. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates epithelial tumour cell motility. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 5315-21.
74. Berchuck A, Rodriguez GC, Kamel A, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal ovarian epithelium and ovarian cancer. I. Correlation of receptor expression with prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 669-74.
75. Foekens JA, van Putten WL, Portengen H, et al. Prognostic value of pS2 protein and receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF-R), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1-R) and somatostatin (SS-R) in patients with breast and ovarian cancer. J Ster Biochem Molec Biol 1990; 37: 815-21.
76. Bauknecht T, Birmelin G, Kommoss F. Clinical significance of oncogenes and growth factors in ovarian carcinomas. J Ster Biochem Molec Biol 1990; 37: 855-62.
77. Henzen-Logmans SC, Berns EM, Klijn JG, van der Burg ME, Foekens JA. Epidermal growth factor receptor in ovarian tumours: correlation of immunohistochemistry with ligand binding assay. Br J Cancer 1992; 66: 1015-21.
78. Berns EM, Klijn JG, Henzen-Logmans SC, Rodenburg CJ, van der Burg ME, Foekens JA. Receptors for hormones and growth factors and (onco)-gene amplification in human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1992; 52: 218-24.
79. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, et al. Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 1989; 244: 707-12.
80. Berchuck A, Kamel A, Whitaker R, et al. Overexpression of HER-2/neu is associated with poor survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 4087-91.
81. Haldane JS, Hird V, Hughes CM, Guffick WJ. c-erbB-2 oncogene expression in ovarian cancer. J Pathol 1990; 162: 231-7.
82. Kacinski BM, Mayer AG, King BL, Carter D, Chambers SK. NEU protein overexpression in benign, borderline, and malignant ovarain neoplasma. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 44: 245-53.
83. McKenzie SJ, DeSombre KA, Bast BS, et al. Serum levels of HER-2 neu (C-erbB-2) correlate with overexpression of p185neu in human ovarian cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 3942-6.
84. De Santes K, Slamon D, Anderson SK, et al. Radiolabeled antibody targeting of the HER-2/neu oncoprotein. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 1916-23.
85. Wels W, Harwerth IM, Mueller M, Groner B, Hynes NE. Selective inhibition of tumor cell growth by a recombinant single-chain antibody-toxin specific for the erbB-2 receptor. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 6310-17.
86. Rodriguez GC, Boente MP, Berchuck A, et al. The effect of antibodies and immunotoxins reactive with HER-2/neu on growth of ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 228-32.
87. Zhou DJ, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Ahuja H, Battifora H, Moore GE, Cline MJ. A unique pattern of proto-oncogene abnormalities in ovarian adenocarcinomas. Cancer 1988; 62: 1573-6.
88. Haas M, Isakov J, Howell SB. Evidence against ras activation in human ovarian carcinomas. Mol Biol Med 1987; 4: 265-75.
89. Masuda H, Battifora H, Yokota J, et al. Specificity of protooncogene amplification in human malignant diseases. Mol Biol Med 1987; 4: 213-27.
90. van't Veer LJ, Hermens R, van den Berg-Bakker LA, et al. ras oncogene activation in human ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 1988; 2: 157-65.
91. Boltz EM, Kefford RF, Leary JA, Houghton CR, Friedlander ML. Amplification of c-ras-Ki oncogene in human ovarian tumours. Int J Cancer 1989; 43: 428-30.
92. Enomoto T, Inoue M, Perantoni AO, Terakawa N, Tanizawa O, Rice JM. K-ras activation in neoplasms of the human female reproductive tract. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 6139-45.
93. Mok SC, Bell DA, Knapp RC et al. Mutation of K-ras protooncogene in human ovarian epithelial tumors of borderline malignancy. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 1489-92.
94. Teneriello MG, Ebina M, Linnoila RI, et al. p53 and Ki-ras gene mutations in epithelial ovarian neoplasma. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 3103-8.
95. Enomoto T, Weghorst CM, Inoue M, Tanizawa O, Rice JM. K-ras activation occurs frequently in mucinous adenocarcinomas and rarely in other common epithelial tumors of the human ovary. Am J Pathol 1991; 139: 777-85.
96. Ichikawa Y, Nishida M, Suzuki H, et al. Mutation of K-ras protooncogene is associated with histological subtypes in human mucinous ovarian tumors [published erratum appears in Cancer Res 1994 Mar 1; 54(5):1391]. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 33-5.
97. Kohler M, Janz I, Wintzer HO, Wagner E, Bauknecht T. The expression of EGF receptors, EGF-like factors and c-myc in ovarian and cervical carcinomas and their potential clinical significance. Anticancer Res 1989; 9: 1537-47.
98. Baker W, Borst MP, Dixon D, Hatch KD, Shingleton HM, Miller D. c-myc amplification in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 38: 340-2.
99. Schreiber G, Dubeau L. C-myc proto-oncogene amplification detected by polymerase chain reaction in archival human ovarian carcinomas. Am J Pathol 1990; 137: 653-8.
100. Tashiro H, Miyazaki K, Okamura H, Iwai A, Fukumoto M. c-myc over-expression in human primary ovarian tumours: its relevance to tumour progression. Int J Cancer 1992; 50: 828-33.
101. Marks JR, Davidoff AM, Kerns BJ, et al. Overexpression and mutation of p53 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 2979-84.
102. Okamoto A, Sameshima Y, Yokoyama S, et al. Frequent allelic losses and mutations of the p53 gene in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 5171-6.
103. Mazars R, Pujol P, Maudelonde T, Jeanteur P, Theillet C. p53 mutations in ovarian cancer: a late event? Oncogens 1991; 6: 1685-90.
104. Kohler MF, Kerns BJ, Humphrey PA, Marks JR, Blast R Jr, Berchuck A. Mutation and overexpression of p53 in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81: 643-50.
105. Jacobs IJ, Kohler MF, Wiseman RW, et al. Clonal origin of epithelial ovarian carcinoma: analysis by loss of heterozygosity, p53 mutation, and X-chromosome inactivation. J Nat Cancer Instit 1992; 84: 1793-8.
106. Mok CH, Tsao SW, Knapp RC, Fishbaugh PM, Lau CC. Unifocal origin of advanced human epithelial ovarian cancers. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 5119-22.
107. Kohler MF, Marks JR, Wiseman RW, et al. Spectrum of mutation and frequency of allelic deletion of the p53 gene in ovarian cancer. J Nat Cancer Instit 1993; 85: 1513-19.
108. Milner BJ, Allan LA, Eccles DM, et al. p53 mutation is a common genetic event in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2128-32.
109. Kihana T, Tsuda H, Teshima S, Okada S, Matsuura S, Hirohashi S. High incidence of p53 gene mutation in human ovarian cancer and its association with nuclear accumulation of p53 protein and tumor DNA aneuploidy. Jpn J Cancer Res 1992; 83: 978-84.
110. Kupryjanczyk J, Thor AD, Beauchamp R, et al. p53 gene mutations and protein accumulation in human ovarian cancer. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 4961-5.
111. Naito M, Satake M, Sakai E, et al. Detection of p53 gene mutations in human ovarian and endometrial cancers by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Jpn J Cancer Res 1992; 83: 1030-6.
112. Hollstein H, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC. p53 mutations in human cancers. Science 1991; 253: 49-53.
113. Eccles DM, Cranston G, Steel CM, Nakamura Y, Leonard RC. Allele losses on chromosome 17 in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1599-601.
114. Russell SE, Hickey GI, Lowry WS, White P, Atkinson RJ. Allele loss from chromosome 17 in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1581-3.
115. Sato T, Saito H, Morita R, Koi S, Lee JH, Nakamura Y. Allelotype of human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 5118-22.
116. Jacobs IJ, Smith SA, Wiseman RW, et al. A deletion unit on chromosome 17q in epithelial ovarian tumors distal to the familial breast/ovarian cancer locus. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 1218-21.
117. Foulkes WD, Black DM, Stamp GW, Solomon E, Trowsdale J. Very frequent loss of heterozygosity throughout chromosome 17 in sporadic ovarian carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1993; 54: 220-5.
118. Saito H, Inazawa J, Saito S, et al. Detailed deletion mapping of chromosome 17q in ovarian and breast cancers: 2-cM region on 17q21.3 often and commonly deleted in tumors. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 3382-5.
119. Phillips N, Ziegler M, Saha B, Xynos F. Allelic loss on chromosome 17 in human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1993, 54: 85-91.
120. Futreal PA, Liu Q, Shattuck-Eidens, et al. BRCA1 mutations in primary breast and ovarian carcinomas. Science 1994; 266: 120-2.
121. Hosking L, et al. A somatic BRCA1 mutation in an ovarian tumour. Nat Genet 1995; 9: 343-4.
122. Merajver SD, Pham TM, Caduff RL, et al. Somatic mutations in the BRCA1 gene in sporadic ovarian tumours. Nat Genet 1995; 9: 439-43.
123. Viel A, Giannini F, Tumiotto L, Sopracordevole F, Visentin MC, Boiocchi M. Chromosomal localisation of two putative lip oncosuppressor genes involved in human ovarian tumours. Br J Cancer 1992; 66: 1030-6.
124. Vandamme B, Lissens W, Amfo K, et al. Deletion of chromosome 11p13-11p15.5 sequences in invasive human ovarian cancer is a subclonal progression factor. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 6646-52.
125. Foulkes, WD, Campbell IG, Stamp GW, Trowsdale J. Loss of heterozygosity and amplification on chromosome 11q in human ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 1993; 67: 268-73.
126. Foulkes WD, Ragoussis J, Stamp GW, Allan GJ, Trowsdale J. Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 6 in human ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1993; 67: 551-9.
127. Saito S, Saito H, Koi S, et al. Fine-scale deletion mapping of the distal long arm of chromosome 6 in 70 human ovarian cancers. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 5815-17.
128. Yang-Feng TL, Li S, Han H, Schwartz PE. Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes Xp and 13q in human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1992; 52: 575-80.
129. Kim TM, Benedict WF, Xu HJ, et al. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 13 is common only in the biologically more aggressive subtypes of ovarian epithelial tumors and is associated with normal retinoblastoma gene expression. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 605-9.
130. Dodson MK, Cliby WA, Xu HJ, et al. Evidence of functional RB protein in epithelial ovarian carcinomas despite loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 610-13.
131. Zheng JP, Robinson WR, Ehlen T, Yu MC, Dubeau L. Distinction of low grade from high grade human ovarian carcinomas on the basis of losses of heterozygosity on chromosomes 3, 6, and 11 and HER-2/neu gene amplification. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 4045-51.
132. Dodson MK, Hartmann LC, Cliby WA, et al. Comparison of loss of heterozygosity patterns in invasive low-grade and high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4456-60.
133. Olson TA, Mohanraj D, Carson LF, Ramakrishnan S. Vascular permeability factor gene expression in normal and neoplastic human ovaries. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 276-80.
134. Yeo KT, Wang HH, Nagy JA, et al. Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) in guinea pig and human tumor and inflammatory effusions. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2912-18.
135. Risinger J, Berchuck A, Kohler M, Boyd J. Mutations of the E-cadherin gene in human gynecologic cancers. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 98-102.
136. Steeg P, Bevilaqua G, Kopper L, et al. Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumour metastatic potential. J Nat Cancer Instit 1988; 80: 200-4.
137. Mandai M, Konishi I, Koshiyama M, et al. Expression of metastasis-related nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 genes in ovarian carcinomas: correlation with clinicopathology, EGFR, c-erbB-2, and c-erbB-3 genes, and sex steroid receptor expression. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 1825-30.
138. Fox H. Pathology of early malignant change in the ovary, (review). Int J Gynecol Pathol 1993; 12: 153-5.
139. Mittal KR, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Cooper JL, Demopoulos RI. Contralateral ovary in unilateral ovarian carcinoma: a search for preneoplastic lesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1993; 12: 59-63.
140. Resta L, Russo S, Colucci GA, Prat J. Morphologic precursors of ovarian epithelial tumors. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 181-6.
141. Anderson MC. Malignant potential of benign ovarian cysts: the case 'for'. In: Sharp F, Mason WP, Leake RE, eds. Ovarian Cancer; Biological and Therapeutic Challenges, London: Chapman and Hall, 1990; 87-190.
142. Bourne TH, Campbell S, Reynolds KM, et al. Screening for early familial ovarian cancer with transvaginal ultrasonography and colour blood flow imaging (see comments). BMJ 1993; 306: 1025-9.
143. Gooneratne S, Sassone M, Blaustein A, Tallerman A. Serous surface papillary carcinoma of the ovary: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Int J Gynecol Path 1982; 1: 258-69.
144. Tobacman JK, Tucker MA, Kase R, et al. Intra-abdominal carcinomatosis after prophylactic oophorectomy in ovarian-cancer-prone families. Lancet 1982; 2: 795-7.
145. Woodruff JD, Julian CG. Multiple malignancy in the upper genital tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 193: 810-22.
146. Pejovic T, Heim S, Mandahl N, et al. Bilateral ovarian carcinoma: cytogenetic evidence of unicentric origin. Int J Cancer 1991; 47: 358-61.
147. Lee JH, Kavanagh JJ, Wildrick DM, Wharton JT, Blick M. Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 6q, 11, and 17 in human ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 2724-8.
148. Li SB, Schwartz PE, Lee WH, Yang-Feng TL. Allele loss at the retinoblastoma locus in human ovarian cancer. J Nat Cancer Instit 1991; 83: 637-40.
149. Yang-Feng TL, Han H, Chen KC, et al. Allelic loss in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1993; 54: 546-51.
150. Eccles DM, Gruber L, Stewart M, Steel CM, Leonard RC. Allele loss on chromosome lip is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer. Disease Markers 1992; 10: 95-9.
151. Eccles DM, Russell SE, Haites NE, et al. Early loss of heterozygosity on 17q in ovarian cancer. The Abe Ovarian Cancer Genetics Group. Oncogene 1992; 7: 2069-72.
152. Eccles DM, Brett L, Lessells A, et al. Overexpression of the p53 protein and allele loss at 17p13 in ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: 40-4.
153. Ehlen T, Dubeau L. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal segments 3p, 6q and 11p in human ovarian carcinomas. Oncogene 1990; 5: 219-23.
154. Chenevix-Trench G, Leary J, Kerr J, et al. Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 18 in ovarian adenocarcinoma which does not always include the DCC locus. Oncogene 1992; 7: 1059-65.
155. Tavassoli M, Ruhrberg C, Beaumont V, et al. Whole chromosome 17 loss in ovarian cancer. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer 1993; 8: 195-8.
156. Osborne RJ, Leech V. Polymerase chain reaction allelotyping of human ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 1994; 69: 429-38.
157. Wooster R, Bignell G, Laucaster JM, Swift S, Seal S, Maugion J et al. Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. Nature 1995; 378: 789-92.