Depositional environments of the Meso- to Neoproterozoic Ghanzi-Chobe belt, northwest Botswana

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 255-268

  Modie, Benson N J ^a,b  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Geological Survey Department   (Botswana)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COPPER; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL; MINERALIZATION; PROTEROZOIC; RIFT; SEDIMENTATION; STRATABOUND DEPOSIT; VOLCANISM;

BOTSWANA, GHANZI-CHOBE BELT;

EID: 0029752574     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0899-5362(96)00014-0     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Anglo American Botswana (Pty) Ltd. 1992. Maun Copper Venture; Geological Interim Report, Unpublished, No. CR5/3/8. Geological Survey Botswana.
2. Anglo American Botswana (Pty) Ltd. 1993. Maun Copper Venture; Terminal Report, Unpublished, Geological Survey Botswana.
3. Aldiss, D. T. and Carney, J. N. 1992. The geology and regional correlation of the Proterozoic Okwa Inlier, western Botswana. Precambrian Research 56, 255-274.
4. Boocock, C. 1968. Annual report of the Geological Survey for the year ended 31 December 1967. Geological Survey Botswana, 40p.
5. Borg, G. 1988a. The Koras-Sinclair-Ghanzi Rift in southern Africa. Volcanism, Sedimentation, Age relationships and Geophysical signature of a late middle Proterozoic rift system. Precambrian Research 38, 75-90.
6. Borg, G. 1988b. Controls on stratabound mineralisation at Klein Aub Mine and similar deposits within the Kalahari Copperbelt of South West Africa/Namibia and Botswana. Ph. D. thesis Unpublished 107p. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
7. Borg, G. and Maiden, K. J. 1987. Basalt alteration and its relation to Middle Proterozoic stratabound copper-silver-gold deposits along the margin of the Kalahari Craton in SWA/Namibia and Botswana. In: Geochemistry and Mineralisation of Poterozoic Volcanic suites (Edited by Pharaoh, T. C., Beckinsale, R. D. and Rickards, D. T.) Geological Society Special Publication 33, 347-354.
8. Borg, G. and Maiden, K. J. 1989. The Middle Proterozoic Kalahari Copperbelt of Namibia and Botswana. In: Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits (Edited by Boyle, R. W., Brown, A. C., Jefferson, C. W., Jowett, E. C. and Kirkham, R. V.) Geological Association Canada, Special Paper 36, 525-540.
9. Bridge, J. S. 1993. Description and interpretation of fluvial deposits: a critical perspective. Sedimentology 40, 801-810.
10. Carney, J. N., Aldiss, D. T. and Lock, N. P. 1994. The Geology of Botswana. Geological Survey Botswana, Bulletin 37, 113p.
11. De Villiers, J. and Simpson, E. S. W. 1974. Late-Precambrian tectonic patterns in South West Africa. Bulletin Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town 15, 141-152.
12. Dickinson, W. R. and Suczek, C. A. 1979. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. Bulletin American Association Petroleum Geologists 63, 2164-2182.
13. Dimarco, M. J. and Lowe, D. R. 1989. Petrography and provenance of silicified early Archaean volcaniclastic sandstones, eastern Pilbara Block, western Australia. Sedimentology 36, 821-836.
14. Hanson, R. E., Wilson, T. J., Brueckner, K. H., Onstott, T. C., Wardlaw, M. S., Johns, C. C. and Hardcastle, K. C. 1988. Reconnaissance geochronology, tectonothermal evolution, and regional significance of the Middle Proterozoic Choma-Kalomo Block, Southern Zambia. Precambrian Research 42, 39-61.
15. Harding, R. R. and Snelling, N. J. 1972. Age determinations carried out in rocks from Botswana by the O.G.S. and the I.G.S. during the period 1963-72. Isotope Geological Unit, Institute Geological Science, 72-75, 11p.
16. Hegenberger, W. and Berger, A. J. 1985. The Oorlogsende Porphyry Member, S. W. Africa/ Namibia: its age and regional setting. Communications Geological Survey S. W. Africa/Namibia 1, 23-29.
17. Hoal, B. G. 1993. The Proterozoic Sinclair Sequence in southern Namibia: intracratonic rift or active continental margin setting? Precambrian Research 63, 143-162.
18. Hoffmann, K. H. 1989. New aspects of lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of late Proterozoic to early Cambrian rocks of the southern Damara Belt and their correlation with the central and northern Damara Belt and the Gariep Belt. Communications Geological Survey Namibia 5, 59-67.
19. Huch, K. M., Modie, B. N., Ratsoma, W. M. and Hannak, W. W. 1992. Mineral Prospecting in the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt of Botswana. Technical Report Phase 1 (1989-1991), Part 1; Geological Reconnaissance Mapping and Litho-Geochemical Investigations. BGR (Hannover)/ GSD (Lobatse) 154p.
20. Johnsson, M. J. 1990. Tectonic versus chemical-weathering controls on the composition of fluvial sands in tropical environments. Sedimentology 37, 713-726.
21. Key, R. M. and Rundle, C. C. 1981. The regional significance of new isotopic ages from Precambrian windows through the Kalahari Beds in north-western Botswana. Transactions Geological Society South Africa 84, 51-66.
22. Leeder, M. R. and Gawthorpe, R. L. 1987. Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins. In: Continental Extensional Tectonics (Edited by Coward, M. P., Dewey, J. F. and Hancock, P. L.) Geological Society Special Publication 28, 139-152.
23. Litherland, M. 1982. The geology of the area around Mamuno and Kalkfontein, Ghanzi District, Botswana. Geological Survey Botswana, District Memoir 4, 145p.
24. Maiden, K. J., Innes, A. H., King, M. J., Master, S. and Pettitt, I. 1984. Regional controls on the localisation of stratabound copper deposits: Proterozoic examples from southern Africa and South Australia. Precambrian Research 25, 99-118.
25. Martin, H. and Porada, H. 1977. The intracratonic branch of the Damara orogen in South West Africa. I. Discussion of geodynamic models. II. Discussion of relationships with the Pan-African Mobile Belt system. Precambrian Research 5, 311-338 and 339-357.
26. McCormick, D. S. and Grotzinger, J. P. 1993. Distinction of marine from alluvial facies in the palaeoproterozoic (1.9 Ga) Burnside Formation, Kilohigok Basin, N.W.T., Canada. Journal Sedimentary Petrology 63, 398-419.
27. Miller, R. McG. 1983. Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia: National geodynamics programme. Geological Society South Africa 11, 515p.
28. Modie, B. N. J. 1994. Sedimentology and basin evolution of the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt; Northwest Botswana. M. Phil. thesis 187p. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.
29. Passarge, S. 1904. Die Kalahari. 822p. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin.
30. Reading, H. G. 1986. Sedimentary environments and facies 2nd ed. 615p. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
31. Reeves, C. V. 1978. Reconnaissance aeromagnetic survey of Botswana, 1975-1977. Final Report (compiled by Terra Surveys Ltd.) Geological Survey Botswana, 318p.
32. Reeves, C. V. 1985. The Kalahari Desert, central southern Africa; A case history of regional gravity and magnetic exploration. In: The utility of regional gravity and magnetic anomaly maps (Edited by Hinze, W. J.) Society Exploration Geophysicists 144-153.
33. Ruxton, P. A. 1980. Sediments and copper in the Lake Ngami area, North-Western Botswana. Unpublished Report No. CR6/3/8, Geological Survey Botswana, 13p.
34. Ruxton, P. A. 1981. The sedimentology and diagenesis of copper-bearing rocks of the southern margin of the Damaran Orogenic Belt, Namibia and Botswana, Ph. D. thesis 241p. University of Leeds, UK.
35. Schwartz, M. and Akanyang, P. 1994. Mineral Prospecting in the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt of Botswana. Technical Report Interim Phase (1993-1994), volume 1, BGR (Hannover)/ GSD (Lobatse), 247p.
36. Schwartz, M. O., Kwok, Y. Y., Davis, D. W. and Akanyang, P. (In press) Geology, age dating and regional correlation of the Ghanzi Ridge, Botswana. BGK (Hannover)/ROM (Toronto)/GSD(Lobatse), 18p.
37. Selley, R. C. 1985. Ancient sedimentary environments 3rd ed. 317p. Chapman and Hall, London.
38. South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS) 1980. Part 1, Lithostratigraphy of the Republic of South Africa, South West Africa/Namibia, and the Republics of Bophuthatswana, Transkei and Venda. (Compiled by Kent, L. E.) Handbook 8, Geological Survey South Africa, 690p.
39. Tankard, A. J., Jackson, M. P. A., Eriksson, K. A., Hobday, D. K. and Minter, W. E. L. 1982. Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa: 3.8 billion years of earth history. 523p. Springer-Verlag, New York.
40. Thomas, C. M. 1969. A short description of the geology of South Ngamiland (covering Q.D.S. 2022C, 2022D and 2023C). Geological Survey Botswana. Unpublished Report No. CMT/4/69,13p.
41. Thomas, C. M. 1973. Brief explanation of the geology of South Ngamiland, accompanying geological map (1: 125 000) covering Q.D.S. 2022C, 2022D and 2023C. Geological Survey Botswana.
42. Toens, P. D. 1975. The geology of part of the southern foreland of the Damara Orogenic Belt in South West Africa and Botswana. Geologische Rundschau 64, 175-192.
43. U. S. Steel 1972-1978. Reports on prospecting activities, Zeta and Theta concessions, Southern Ngamiland. Unpublished Report CR6/1 - CR6/4. Geological Survey Botswana.
44. Walker, I. R. 1973. The geology of North Ghanziland. Geological Survey Botswana, Unpublished Report No. IRW/6/73, 36p.
45. Watters, B. R. 1977. The Sinclair Group: definition and regional correlation. Transactions Geological Society South Africa 80, 9-16.
46. Wright, E. P. 1956. Report on the Goha Hills, Geological Survey Botswana, Unpublished Report No. EPW/13/56,2p.
47. Wright, E. P. 1958. Report on a visit to the Shinamba Hills. Geological Survey Botswana, Unpublished Report No. EPW/22/58,2p.
48. Geological map with brief description (Q.D.S. 2121B, 2122A and 2122B) of North Ghanziland, 1: 125 000 1974. Compiled by Walker, I. R. Geological Survey Botswana.