The economic cooperation organization: Towards a new silk road on the ruins of the Cold War?

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 47-57

  De Cordier, Bruno ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFLICT; ECONOMIC COOPERATION; REGIONAL COOPERATION;

IRAN; PAKISTAN; TURKEY;

EID: 0029752288     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634939608400933     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. The mutual defence Baghdad Pact was signed by Turkey and Iraq on 24 February 1955, and was joined by Great Britain, Iran and Pakistan later that year. After the overthrow of the monarchy, Iraq withdrew on 24 March 1959, and the headquarters were moved from Baghdad to Ankara. The withdrawal of Iraq gave the impetus to the name change of the pact.
2. United States Institute for Peace, 'Afghanistan and post-Soviet Central Asia. Prospects for political evolution and Islam', Special Middle East Programme in Peacemaking and Conflict Resolution (Washington DC: USIP, 1992), p 33.
3. Cited in P. J. Taylor, Political Geography. World-Economy, Nation-State and Locality (Harlow: Longman, 1991), pp 56-57.
4. M. E. Ahrari, 'The dynamics of the new great game in Central Asia', Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 4, 1994, pp 531-534.
5. K. Gharabaghi, 'Development strategies for Central Asia in the 1990s: in search of alternatives', Third World Quarterly, Vol 15, No 1, 1994, p 116.
6. Afghanistan was invited but did not participate in the summit, due to the chaotic transition of power in Kabul and the armed anarchy in the rest of the country.
7. De Financiëel-Ekonomische Tijd, 18 February 1992.
8. 'Text of the Tehran communique issued at the end of the first ECO summit meeting', Islamic Republic News Agency Press Communique (Tehran: IRNA, 24 February 1992).
9. A. Rashid, The Resurgence of Central Asia, Islam or Nationalism? (London: Zed Books, 1994), p 217.
10. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 30 November 1992.
11. D. Hiro, Between Marx and Muhammad. The Changing Face of Central Asia (London: Harper Collins, 1994), p 301.
12. S. Akiner, 'The republic of Uzbekistan', Regional Surveys of the World. The Far East and Australasia (London: Europa Publication Limited, 1992), p 1012.
13. S. Akiner, 'The Kazakh republic', op cit, p 1002.
14. See also B. A. Islamov, 'Post-Soviet Central Asia and the CIS: the economic background of interdependence', in B. F. Manz, Central Asia in Historical Perspective (Oxford: Westview Press, 1994), pp 202-219.
15. N. Shahrani, 'Central Asia and the challenge of Soviet legacy', Central Asian Survey, Vol 12, No 2, 1993, pp 132-133.
16. See also S. Goldenberg, Pride of Small Nations. The Caucasus and post-Soviet disorder (London: Zed Books, 1994), pp 56-59.
17. A. Rashid, op cit, pp 215-216.
18. A. Höttinger, 'Zukunftsfragen für Zentralasien. Neubeginn in den Staaten am Südrand der ehemaligen Sowjetunion', Europa Archiv, Vol 14, 1992, pp 401-402.
19. Of these, 62 per cent live in the Pakistani province of Baluchistan, 28 per cent in the Iranian provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, and 7 per cent in the Afghan provinces of Nimroz, Hilmand and Kandahar.
20. K. Gharabaghi, op cit, pp 111-113.
21. P. P. Micklin, 'The water crisis in Soviet Central Asia', in P. R. Pryde, Environmental Management in the Soviet Union (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p 215.
22. See A. Banuazizi and M. Weiner, The New Geopolitics of Central Asia and its Borderlands (London: I. B. Tauris, 1994), pp 163-164.
23. R. Israeli, 'Return to the source: the republics of Central Asia and the Middle East', Central Asian Survey, Vol 13, No 1, 1994, pp 24-26.
24. A. Faroughy, 'Affecté par les boulversements en Afghanistan. L'Iran à la recherche d'une politique régionale', Le Monde Diplomatique, No 457, March 1992, p 11.
25. De Fianciëel-Ekonomische Tijd, 12 May 1992.
26. A. Gresh, 'Du Caucase à l'Asie centrale. La Turquie dans le grand jeu', Le Monde Diplomatique, 1992, No 458, April 1992, p 6.
27. De Financiëel-Ekonomische Tijd, 5 May 1995.
28. A. Gresh, 'Rivalités ethniques, réformes politiques, relations avec les voisins. Les républiques d'Asie centrale s'engagent sur des chemins divergents', Le Monde Diplomatique, No 466, December 1992, pp 14-15.
29. The Financial Times, 8 May 1992.
30. Y. Zakarovitch, 'We are all scared', Time Magazine, 22 February 1993, pp 38-39.
31. A. Rashid, op cit, pp 226-227.
32. Y. V. Gankovsky, 'Russia's relations with the Central Asian states since the dissolution of the Soviet Union', in H. Malik, Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects (London: Macmillan, 1994), p 123.
33. B. F. Manz, 'Central Asia: historical background', in B. F. Manz, op cit, pp 4-5.