The mammalian myosin heavy chain gene family

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Volumn 12, Issue , 1996, Pages 417-439

  Weiss, Allison ^a   Leinwand, Leslie A ^b  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

cloning; gene expression; molecular motor; multigene family; muscle

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; MUTANT PROTEIN; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN; THYROID HORMONE; TRANS ACTING FACTOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE CLUSTER; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; MAMMAL; MULTIGENE FAMILY; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; MUSCLE FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MAMMALS; MUTATION; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP;

EUKARYOTA; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0029751987     PISSN: 10810706     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.417     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Adolph EA, Subramaniam A, Cserjesi P, Olson EN, Robbins J. 1993. Role of myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) in the transcriptional regulation of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. J Biol. Chem. 268(8):5349-52
2. Anan R, Greve G, Thierfelder L, Watkins H, McKenna WJ, et al. 1994. Prognostic implications of novel β-cardiac myosin heavy-chain gene-mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Invest. 93:280-85
3. Andersen JL, Klitgaard H, Bangsbo J, Saltin B. 1994a. Myosin heavy chain isoforms in single fibers from m. vastus lateralis of soccer players: effects of strength training. Acta Physiol. Scand. 150:21-26
4. Andersen JL, Klitgaard H, Saltin B. 1994b. Myosin heavy chain isoforms in single fibers from m. vastus lateralis of sprinters: influence of training. Acta Physiol. Scand. 151:135-42
5. Ausoni S, Gorza L, Schiaffino S, Gunderson K, Lomo T. 1990. Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in stimulated fast and slow rat muscles. J Neurosci. 10:153-55
6. Barany M. 1967. ATPase activity of myosin correlated with speed of muscle shortening. J. Gen. Physiol. 50:197-218
7. Bouvagnet PF, Strehler EE, White GE, Strehler-Page M-A, Nadal-Ginard B. 1987. Multiple positive and negative 5′ regulatory elements control the cell-type-specific expression of the embryonic skeletal myosin heavy chain gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:4377-89
8. Butler-Browne GS, Whalen RG. 1984. Myosin isozyme transitions occurring during the postnatal development of the rat soleus muscle. Dev. Biol. 102:324-34
9. Buttrick PM, Kaplan ML, Kitsis RN, Leinwand LA. 1993. Distinct behavior of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene constructs in vivo: discordance with in vitro results. Circ. Res. 72:1211-17
10. Cheney RE, Riley MA, Mooseker MS. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of the myosin superfamily. Cell Motil. Cytoskelet. 24:215-23
11. Cserjesi P, Olson EN. 1991. Myogenin induces muscle-specific enhancer binding factor MEF-2 independently of other muscle-specific gene products. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4854-62
12. Cuda G, Fananapazir L, Zhu W, Sellers JR, Epstein ND. 1993. Skeletal muscle expression and abnormal function of β-myosin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Clin. Invest. 91:2861-65
13. d'Albis A, Anger M, Lompre' A-M. 1993. Rabbit masseter expresses the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene. FEBS Lett. 324:178-80
14. DeNardi C, Ausoni S, Moretti P, Gorza L, Velleca M, et al. 1993. Type 2X-myosin heavy chain is coded by a muscle fiber type-specific and developmentally regulated gene. J Cell Biol. 123(4):823-35
15. Deng Z, Liu P, Marlton P, Claxton DF, Lane S, et al. 1993. Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain locus (MYHII) maps to 16p13.13-p13.12 and establishes a new region of conserved synteny between human 16p and mouse 16. Genomics 18:156-95
16. Drachman DB, Johnston DM. 1973. Development of mammalian fast muscle; dynamic and biochemical properties correlated. J. Physiol. 234:29-42
17. Epner E, Kim CG, Groudine M. 1992. What does the locus control region control? Curr. Biol. 2(5):262-64
18. Flink IL, Edwards JG, Bahl JJ, Liew C, Sole M, Morkin E. 1992. Characterization of a strong positive a'.t-acting element of the human β-myosin heavy chain gene in fetal rat heart cells. J Biol. Chem. 267(14):9917-24
19. Gorza L, Gunderson K, Lomo T, Schiaffino S, Westgaard RH. 1988. Slow-to-fast transformation of denervated soleus muscles by chronic high frequency stimulation in the rat. J. Physiol. 402:627-49
20. Grosveld F, Blomvan Assendelft G, Greaves DR, Kollias G. 1987. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human β-globin gene in transgenic mice. Cell 51:975-85
21. Gulick J, Subramaniam A, Neumann J, Robbins J. 1991. Isolation and characterization of the mouse cardiac myosin heavy chain genes. J. Biol. Chem. 266:9180-85
22. Gunning P, Hardeman E. 1991. Multiple mechanisms regulate fiber diversity. FASEB J. 285:3064-70
23. Ianello RC, Mar JH, Ordahl CP. 1991. Characterization of a promotor element required for transcription in myocardial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:3309-16
24. Izumo S, Mahdavi V. 1988. Thyroid hormone receptor isoforms generated by alternative splicing differentially activate myosin HC transcription. Nature 334:539-42
25. Izumo S, Nadal-Ginard B, Mahdavi V. 1986. All members of the MHC multigene family respond to thyroid hormone in a highly tissue-specific manner. Science 231:594-600
26. Jones KW, Robbins J. 1995. Molecular and physiologic analysis of alpha-MyHC gene ablation. Am. Heart Assoc. 68th Sci. Sess. 92(8):I-369 (Abstr.)
27. Kariya K, Farrance IKG, Simpson PC. 1993. Transcriptional enhancer factor-1 in cardiac myocytes interacts with an alpha(1)-adrenergic- and beta-protein kinase C-inducible element in the rat beta-myosin heavy chain promotor. J. Biol. Chem. 268:26658-62
28. Karns LR, Kariya K, Simpson PC. 1995. M-CAT, CArg, and Spl elements are required for alpha(1)-adrenergic induction of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter during cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. Transcriptional enhancer factor-1 and protein kinase C as conserved transducers of the fetal program of cardiac growth. J. Biol. Chem. 270:410-17
29. Kitsis RN, Buttrick PM, McNally EM, Kaplan ML, Leinwand LA. 1991. Hormonal regulation of a gene injected into rat heart in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4138-42
30. Knotts S, Rindt H, Robbins J. 1995. Position independent expression and developmental regulation is directed by the β myosin heavy chain gene's 5′ upstream region in transgenic mice. Nucleic Acids Res. 23(16):3301-9
31. Lankford EB, Epstein ND, Fananapazir L, Sweeney HL. 1995. Abnormal contractile properties of muscle fibers expressing β-myosin heavy chain gene mutations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Invest. 95:1409-14
32. Larsson L, Ansved T, Edstrom L, Gorza L, Schiaffino S. 1991. Effects of age on physiological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical properties of fast-twitch single motor units in the rat. J. Physiol 443:257-75
33. LeBlanc JM, Kitsis RN, Buttrick PM, Leinwand LA. 1992. Molecular genetic manipulation of myosin. In Neuromuscular Development and Disease, ed. AM Kelly, HM Blau, pp. 223-37. New York: Raven
34. Leinwand LA, Fournier REK, Nadal-Ginard B, Shows TB. 1983. Multigene family for sarcomeric myosin heavy chain in mouse and human DNA: localization on a single chromosome. Science 221:766-79
35. Leinwand LA, Leiden JM. 1991. Gene transfer into myocytes in vivo. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 1(7):271-76
36. Lompre AM, Nadal-Ginard B, Mahdavi V. 1984. Expression of the cardiac ventricular alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain genes is developmentally and hormonally regulated. J. Biol. Chem. 259:6437-46
37. Loughna PT, Izumo S, Goldspink G, Nadal-Ginard B. 1990. Disuse and passive stretch cause rapid alteration in expression of developmental and adult contractile protein genes in skeletal muscle. Development 109:217-23
38. Lowey S, Waller GS, Trybus KM. 1993. Function of skeletal muscle myosin heavy and light chain isoforms by an in vitro motility assay. J. Biol. Chem. 268:20414-18
39. Lyons GE, Ontell M, Cox R, Sassoon D, Buckingham M. 1990a. The expression of myosin genes in developing skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo. J. Cell Biol. 111:1465-76
40. Lyons GE, Schiaffino S, Sassoon D, Barton P, Buckingham M. 1990b. Developmental regulation of myosin gene expression in mouse cardiac muscle. J. Cell Biol. 111:2427-36
41. Mahdavi V, Chambers AP, Nadal-Ginard B. 1984. Cardiac alpha- and β-myosin heavy chain genes are organized in tandem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2626-30
42. Mar JH, Ordahl CP. 1990. M-CAT binding factor, a novel transacting factor governing muscle-specific transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4271-83
43. Matsuoka R, Yoshida MC, Furutani Y, Imamura S, Kanda N, et al. 1993. Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene mapped to chromosomal region 16q12. Am. J. Med. Genet. 46:61-67
44. McNally EM, Kraft R, Bravo-Zehnder M, Taylor DA, Leinwand LA. 1989. Full-length rat alpha and beta cardiac myosin heavy-chain sequences. Comparisons suggest a molecular basis for functional differences. J. Mol. Biol. 210:665-71
45. Miano JM, Cserjesi P, Ligon KL, Periasamy M, Olson EN. 1994. Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain exclusively marks the smooth muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis. Circ. Res. 75(5):803-12
46. Molkentin JD, Markham BE. 1993. Myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) regulates α-cardiac myosin heavy chain expression in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 268(26):19512-20
47. Moore LA, Tidyman WE, Arrizubieta MJ, Bandman E. 1993. The evolutionary relationship of avian and mammalian myosin heavy-chain genes. J. Mol. Evol. 36:21-30
48. Navankasattusus S, Zhu H, Garcia AV, Evans SM, Chien KR. 1991. A ubiquitous factor (HF-1) and a distinct muscle factor (HF-lb/Mef2) form an E-box'-independent pathway for cardiac muscle gene expression. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:1469-79
49. Ojamaa K, Klein I. 1991. Thyroid hormone regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain promotor activity assessed by in vivo DNA transfer in rat heart. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179:1269-75
50. Ojamaa K, Samarel AM, Klein I. 1996. Identification of a contractile-responsive element in the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270(52):31276-81
51. Olson EN. 1992. Regulation of muscle transcription by the MyoD family: the heart of the matter. Circ. Res. 72(1):1-6
52. Periasamy M, Wieczorek DF, Nadal-Ginard B. 1984. Characterization of a developmentally regulated perinatal myosin heavy chain gene expressed in skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 259(1):13573-76
53. Pette D, Vrbova G. 1985. Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve 8:676-89
54. Pope B, Hoh JFY, Weeds A. 1980. The ATPase activities of rat cardiac myosin isozymes. FEBS Lett. 118:205-11
55. Rayment I, Holden HM, Sellers JR, Fananapazir L, Epstein ND. 1995. Structural interpretation of the mutations in the β-cardiac myosin that have been implicated in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3864-68
56. Rayment I, Holden HM, Whittaker M, Yohn CB, Lorenz M, et al. 1993. Structure of the actin-myosin complex and its implications for muscle contraction. Science 261:58-65
57. Rindt H, Gulick J, Knotts S, Neumann J, Robbins J. 1993. In vivo analysis of the murine β-myosin heavy chain gene promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 268:5332-38
58. Rindt H, Knotts S, Robbins J. 1995. Segregation of cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific regulatory elements of the β myosin heavy chain gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1540-44
59. Rudnicki MA, Jaenisch R. 1995. The MyoD family of transcription factors and skeletal myogenesis. BioEssays 17(3):203-9
60. Rugh R. 1990. The Mouse. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press. 430 pp.
61. Rushbrook JI, Weiss C, Ko K, Feuerman MH, Carleton S, et al. 1994. Identification of alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein in extraocular muscle of the adult rabbit. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 15:505-15
62. Saez CG, Myers JC, Shows TB, Leinwand LA. 1990. Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain mRNA: generation of diversity through alternative polyadenylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1164-68
63. Saez L, Leinwand LA. 1986. Characterization of diverse forms of myosin heavy chain expressed in adult human skeletal muscle. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:2951-68
64. Saez LJ, Gianola KM, McNally EM, Feghali R, Eddy R, et al. 1987. Human cardiac myosin heavy chain genes and their linkage in the genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:5443-59
65. Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. 1994. Myosin isoforms in mammalian skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 77(2):493-501
66. Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. 1996. Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: gene regulation and functional significance. Physiol. Rev. In press
67. Shimizu N, Dizon E, Zak R. 1992. Both muscle-specific and ubiquitous nuclear factors are required for muscle-specific expression of the myosin heavy-chain β gene in cultured cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 12(2):619-30
68. Simons M, Wang M, McBride OW, Kawamoto S, Yamakawa K, et al. 1991. Human non-muscle myosin heavy chains are encoded by two genes located on different chromosomes. Circ. Res. 69(2):530-39
69. Sissman N. 1970. Developmental landmarks in cardiac morphogenesis: comparative chronology. Am. J. Cardiol. 25:141-48
70. Stedman HH, Eller M, Julian EH, Fertels SH, Sarkar S, et al. 1990. The human embryonic myosin heavy chain: complete primary structure reveals evolutionary relationships with other developmental isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 265(6):3568-76
71. Stockdale FE. 1992. Myogenic cell lineages. Dev. Biol. 154:284-98
72. Strehler EE, Strehler-Page M-A, Perriard J-C, Periasamy M, Nadal-Ginard B. 1986. Complete nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequence of a mammalian myosin heavy chain gene: evidence against intron-independent evolution of the rod. J. Mol. Biol. 190:291-317
73. Subramaniam A, Gulick J, Neumann J, Knotts S, Robbins J. 1993. Transgenic analysis of the thyroid-responsive elements in the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. J Biol. Chem. 268(6):4331-36
74. Subramaniam A, Jones WK, Gulick J, Wert S, Neumann J, Robbins J. 1991. Tissue-specific regulation of the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 266:24613-20
75. Sweeney HL, Straceski AJ, Leinwand LA, Faust L. 1994. Heterologous expression of a cardiomyopathic myosin that is defective in its actin interaction. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 1603-5
76. Termin A, Staron RS, Pette D. 1989. Changes in myosin heavy chain isoforms during chronic low-frequency stimulation of rat fast hindlimb muscles. Eur. J. Biochem. 186:749-54
77. Thompson WR, Nadal-Ginard B, Mahdavi V. 1991. A MyoD1-independent muscle-specific enhancer controls the expression of the β-myosin heavy chain gene in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266(33):22678-88
78. Toyoshima YY, Kron SJ, McNally EM, Niebling KR, Toyoshima C, Spudich JA. 1987. Myosin subfragment-1 is sufficient to move actin-filaments in vitro. Nature 328:536-39
79. Tsika RW, Bahl JJ, Leinwand LA, Morkin E. 1990. Thyroid hormone regulates expression of a transfected human α-myosin heavy-chain fusion gene in fetal rat heart cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:379-83
80. Uyeda TQP, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA. 1994. Enzymatic activities correlate with chimaeric substitutions at the actin-binding face of myosin. Nature 368:567-69
81. Vikstrom KL, Leinwand LA. 1996. Contractile protein mutations and heart disease. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:97-105
82. Watkins H, Rosenzweig A, Hwang DS, Levi T, McKenna W, et al. 1992. Characteristics and prognostic implications of myosin missense mutations in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:1108-14
83. Weiss A, Mayer DCG, Leinwand LA. 1994. Diversity of myosin-based motility: multiple genes and functions. Soc. Gen. Physiol. Ser. 49:159-71
84. Weydert A, Barton P, Harris JA, Pinset C, Buckingham M. 1987. Developmental pattern of mouse skeletal myosin heavy chain gene transcripts in vivo and in vitro. Cell 49:121-29
85. Weydert A, Lazaridis I, Barton P, Gardner I, Leader DP, et al. 1985. Gene for skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains are clustered and are not located on same mouse chromosome as alpha cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7183-87
86. Whalen RG, Johnstone D, Bryers PS, Butler-Browne MS, Ecob MS, Jaros E. 1984. A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast type muscles of the mouse. FEBS Lett. 177:51-56
87. Wolff JA, Malone RW, Williams P, Chong W, Acsadi G, et al. 1990. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science 247:1465-68
88. Yoon SJ, Seller SH, Kucherlapati R, Leinwand LA. 1992. Organization of the human myosin heavy chain gene cluster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:12078-82
89. Yu Y-T, Breltbart RE, Smoot LB, Lee Y, Mahdavi V, Nadal-Ginard B. 1992. Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors. Genes Dev. 6:1783-98