Asymmetries, compartments and null interactions in an Amazonian ant-plant community

Journal of Animal Ecology

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 339-347

  Fonseca, Carlos Roberto ^a   Ganade, Gislene ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ant plants; Coevolution; Community; Mutualism; Pollination

Indexed keywords

ANT-PLANT COMMUNITY; MYRMECOPHYTE;

BRAZIL, AMAZONIA; SOUTH AMERICA, AMAZONIA;

FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA;

EID: 0029751245     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/5880     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Auerbach, M.J. (1984) Stability, probability, and the topology of food webs. Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence (eds D. R. Strong, D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele & A. B. Thistle), pp. 413-436. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
2. Bandeira, A.G. & Harada, A.Y. (1991) Cupins e formigas na Amazônia. Bases Cientificas para Estratégias de Preservação e Desenvolvimento da Amazônia: Fatos e Perspectivas (eds A. L. Val, R. Figliuolo & E. Feldberg), pp. 387-395. Imprensa Universitária, Manaus, Brasil.
3. Beattie, A.J. (1985) The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant-Plant Mutualism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
4. Benson, W.W. (1985) Amazon ant-plants. Amazonia (eds G. T. Prance & T. Lovejoy), pp. 239-266. Pergamon Press, New York, USA.
5. Benson, W.W. & Harada, A.Y. (1988) Local diversity of tropical and temperate ant faunas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Amazonica, 18, 275-289.
6. Bentley, B.L. (1977) Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious bodyguards. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, 407-428.
7. Bierzychudek, P. (1981) Pollinator limitation of plant reproductive effort. American Naturalist, 117, 838-840.
8. Cohen, J.E. & Newman, C.M. (1988) Dynamic basis of food web organization. Ecology, 69, 1655-1664.
9. Davidson, D.W. & Fisher, B.L. (1991) Symbiosis of ants with Cecropia as a function of light regime. Ant-Plant Interactions (eds C. R. Huxley & D. F. Cutler), pp. 289-309. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
10. Davidson, D.W. & McKey, D. (1993) The evolutionary ecology of symbiotic ant-plant relationship. Journal of Hymenopterist Research, 2, 13-83.
11. Davidson, D.W., Snelling, R.R. & Longino, J.T. (1989) Competition among ants for myrmecophytes and the significance of plant trichomes. Biotropica, 21, 64-73.
12. Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J.R. (1979) Arms races between and within species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 205, 489-511.
13. Engels, B. (1988) Monte Carlo: R x C Contingency Table Test. University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
14. Feinsinger, P. (1983) Coevolution and pollination. Coevolution (eds D. J. Futuyma and M. Slatkin), pp. 282-310. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
15. Fiala, B. & Maschwitz, U. (1990) Studies on the South East Asian ant-plant association Crematogaster borneensis/Macaranga: adaptations of the ant partner. Insectes Sociaux, 37, 212-231.
16. Fiala, B., Maschwitz, U., Tho, Y.P. & Helbig, A.J (1989) Studies of a south east Asian ant-plant association: protection of Macaranga trees by Crematogaster borneensis. Oecologia, 79, 463-470.
17. Fonseca, C. R. (1993) Nesting space limits colony size of the plant-ant Pseudomyrmex concolor. Oikos, 67, 437-482.
18. Fonseca, C.R. (1994) Herbivory and the long-lived leaves of an Amazonian ant-tree. Journal of Ecology, 82, 833-842.
19. Grant, A.I. & Grant, K.A. (1965) Flower Pollination in the Phlox Family. Columbia University Press. New York, USA.
20. Hall, S.J. & Raffaelli, D.G. (1993) Food webs, theory and reality. Advances in Ecological Research, 24, 187-239.
21. Harada, A.Y. & Benson, W.W. (1988) Espécies de Azteca (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) especializadas em Cecropia (Moraceae): distribuição geográfica e considerações ecológicas. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 32, 423-435.
22. Heinrich, B. (1975) Bee flowers: a hypothesis on flower variety and blooming times. Evolution, 29, 325-334.
23. Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. (1991) The Ants. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
24. Howe, H.F. (1984) Constraints on the evolution of mutualisms. American Naturalist, 123, 764-777.
25. Howe, H.F. & Westley, L.C. (1988) Ecological Relationships of Plants and Animals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
26. Huxley, C.R. (1986) Evolution of benevolent ant-plant relationships. Insects And The Plant Surface (eds B. E. Juniper & T. R. E. Southwood), pp. 257-282. Edward Arnould, London, UK.
27. Huxley, C.R. & Cutler, D.F. (1991) Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
28. Janzen, D.H. (1966) Coevolution of mutualism between ants and acacias in Central America. Evolution, 20, 249-275.
29. Janzen, D.H. (1967) Interaction of the bull's horn acacia (Acacia cornigera L.) with an ant inhabitant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea F. Smith) in eastern Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 47, 315-558.
30. Janzen, D.H. (1980) When is it coevolution? Evolution, 34, 611-612.
31. Jordano, P. (1987) Patterns of mutualistic interactions in pollination and seed dispersal: connectance, dependence asymmetries, and coevolution. American Naturalist, 129, 657-677.
32. Koptur, S. (1979) Facultative mutualism between weedy vetches bearing extrafloral nectaries and weedy ants in California. American Journal of Botany, 66, 1016-1020.
33. Longino, J.T. (1989) Geographic variation and community structure in an ant-plant mutualism: Azteca and Cecropia in Costa Rica. Biotropica, 21, 126-132.
34. Lovejoy, T.E. & Bierregaard, R.O. (1991) Central Amazonian Forests and the minimal critical size of ecosystem project. Four Neotropical Rainforests (ed. A. H. Gentry), pp. 60-71. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
35. Paine, R. (1988) On food webs: road maps of interactions or the grist for theoretical development? Ecology, 69, 1648-1654.
36. Pimm, S.T. & Lawton, J.H. (1980) Are food webs divided into compartments? Journal of Animal Ecology, 49, 879-898.
37. Putman, R.J. (1994) Community Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.
38. Raffaelli, D. & Hall, S.J. (1992) Compartments and predation in an estuarine food web. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 551-560.
39. Schupp, E.W. (1986) Azteca protection of Cecropia: ant occupation benefits juvenile trees. Oecologia, 70, 379-385.
40. Systat (1992) Statistics, Version 5·2 edn. Systat Inc., Evanston, IL, USA.
41. Vasconcelos, H.L. (1991) Mutualism between Maieta guianensis Aubl., a myrmecophytic melastome, and one of its inhabitants: ant protection against insect herbivores. Oecologia, 87, 295-298.
42. Ward, P.S. (1991) Phylogenetic analysis of pseudomyrmecine ants associated with domatia-bearing plants. Ant-Plant Interactions (eds C. R. Huxley & D. F. Cutler), pp. 335-352. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
43. Warren, P.H. (1994) Making connections in food webs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 136-141.
44. Yodzis, P. (1980) The connectance of real ecosystems. Nature, 284, 544-545.