Multiple-parameter radar observations of isolated Florida thunderstorms during the onset of electrification

Journal of Applied Meteorology

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 343-354

  Jameson, A R ^a,c   Murphy, M J ^b   Krider, E P ^b  

^a Applied Research Corporation   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c RJH Scientific Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPE EXPERIMENT; CUMULONIMBUS; ELECTRIC FIELD NETWORK; RADAR OBSERVATION; STORM ELECTRIFICATON; THUNDERSTORM;

USA, FLORIDA;

EID: 0029749623     PISSN: 08948763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0343:MPROOI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ackerman, B., 1959: The variability of the water contents of tropical cumuli. J. Meteor., 16, 191-198.
2. American Meteorological Society, 1991: CaPE experiment proceeds in Florida. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1287.
3. Balakrishnan, N., and D. S. Zrnić, 1990: Use of polarization to characterize precipitation and discriminate large hail. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1525-1540.
4. Blanchard, D. C., 1957: The supercooling, freezing, and melting of giant water drops at terminal velocity in air. Artificial Stimulation of Rain. Pergamon, 233-249.
5. Blyth, A. M., and J. Latham, 1993: Development of ice and precipitation in New Mexican summertime cumulus clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 91-120.
6. Braham, R. R., 1964: What is the role of ice in summer rainshowers? J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 640-645.
7. Byers, H. R., and R. R. Braham, 1949: The Thunderstorm. U.S. Government Printing Office, 287 pp.
8. Caylor, I. C., and A. J. Illingworth, 1987: Radar observations and modelling of warm rain initiation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 1171-1191.
9. Cooper, W. A., and R. P. Lawson, 1984: Physical interpretation of results form HIPLEX-1 experiment. J. Climate. Appl. Meteor., 23, 532-540.
10. Dye, J. E., J. J. Jones, W. P. Winn, T. A. Cerni, B. Gardiner, D. Lamb, R. L. Pitter, J. Hallett, and C. P. R. Saunders, 1986: Early electrification and precipitation development in a small, isolated Montana cumulonimbus. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1231-1247.
11. Fukuta, N., and R. C. Schaller, 1982: Ice nucleation by aerosol particles: Theory of condensation-freezing nucleation. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 648-655.
12. Gaskell, W., and A. J. I. Illingworth, 1980: Charge transfer accompanying individual collisions between ice particles and its role in thunderstorm electrification. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 841-854.
13. Goodman, S. J., D. E. Buechler, P. D. Wright, and W. D. Rust, 1988: Lightning and precipitation history of a microburst-producing storm. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1185-1188.
14. Hallett, J., and S. C. Mossop, 1974: Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process. Nature, 249, 26-28.
15. _, R. I. Sax, D. Lamb, and A. S. Ramachandra Murty, 1978: Aircraft measurements of ice in Florida cumuli. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 631-651.
16. Hendry, A., and G. C. McCormick, 1976: Radar observations of the alignment of precipitation particles by electrostatic fields in thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5353-5357.
17. Herzegh, P. H., and A. R. Jameson, 1992: Observing precipitation microstructure through dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1365-1374.
18. Illingworth, A. J., J. W. F. Goddard, and S. M. Cherry, 1987: Polarization radar studies of precipitation development in convective storms. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 469-489.
19. Jameson, A. R., 1983: Microphysical interpretation of multiparameter radar measurements in rain. Part I: Interpretation of polarization measurements and estimation of raindrop shapes. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1792-1802.
20. _, 1985: On deducing the microphysical character of precipitation from multiple-parameter radar polarization measurements. J. Climate. Appl. Meteor., 24, 1037-1047.
21. _, 1987: Relations among linear and circular polarization parameters measured in canted hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 634-645.
22. _, 1989a: The application of radar backscatter amplitude ratios at linear polarizations to precipitation studies. Preprints, URSI Commission F Open Symp., La Landes-les Maures, France, URSI, 2.3.1-2.3.4.
23. _, 1989b: The interpretation and meteorological application of radar backscatter amplitude ratios at linear polarizations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 908-919.
24. _, and E. A. Mueller, 1985: Estimation of differential phase shift from sequential orthogonal linear polarization radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 133-137.
25. _, and J. H. Davé, 1988: An interpretation of circular polarization measurements affected by propagation differential phase shift. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 405-415.
26. Johnson, D. B., 1982: The role of giant and ultragiant aerosol particles in warm rain initiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 448-460.
27. Keith, W. D., and C. P. R. Saunders, 1988: Light emission from colliding ice particles. Nature, 336, 362-364.
28. Knight, C. A., N. C. Knight, J. E. Dye, and V. Toutenhoofd, 1974: The mechanism of precipitation formation in northeastern Colorado cumulus. Part I: Observations of the precipitation itself. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2142-2147.
29. Koenig, L. R., 1963: The glaciating behavior of small cumuonimbus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 29-47.
30. Krehbiel, P. R., 1986: The electrical structure of thunderstorms. The Earth 's Electrical Environment, National Academy Press, 90-113.
31. _, W. Rison, S. McCrary, T. Blackman, and M. Brook, 1991: Dual-polarization radar observations of lightning echoes and precipitation alignment at 3 cm wavelength. Preprints, 25th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology., Paris, France, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 901-904.
32. Lhermitte, R., and M. Gilet, 1975: Dual-Doppler radar observation and study of sea-breeze convective storm development. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 1346-1361.
33. Ludlam, F. H., 1958: The hail problem. Nubila, 1, 12-96.
34. Metcalf, J. I., 1995: Radar observations of changing orientations of hydrometeors in thunderstorms. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 757-772.
35. Moore, C. B., 1977: An assessment of thunderstorm electrification mechanisms. Electrical Processes in Atmospheres, N. Dolezalek and R. Reiter, Eds., Steinkopff, 333-352.
36. Mueller, E. A., 1984: Calculation procedure for differential propagation phase shift. Proc. 22d Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Zurich, Switzerland, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 397-399.
37. Pruppacher, H. R., and K. V. Beard, 1970: A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 247-256.
38. Reynolds, S. E., and M. Brook, 1956: Correlation of the initial electric field and the radar echo in thunderstorms. J. Meteor., 13, 376-380.
39. _, _, and M. F. Gourley, 1957: Thunderstorm charge separation. J. Meteor., 14, 426-436.
40. Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnić, 1986: Differential propagation phase shift and rainfall rate estimation. Radio Sci., 21, 907-922.
41. Saunders, C. P. R., 1993: A review of thunderstorm electrification processes. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 642-655.
42. _, W. D. Keith, and R. P. Mitzeva, 1991: The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11 007-11 017.
43. Seliga, T. A., and V. N. Bringi, 1976: Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 69-76.
44. Simpson, J., 1967: Photographic and radar study of the Stormfury 5 August 1965 seeded cloud. J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 82-87.
45. _, G. W. Brier, R. H. Simpson, 1967: Stormfury cumulus seeding experiment 1965: Statistical analysis and main results. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 508-521.
46. Spengler, J. D., and N. R. Gokhale, 1972: Freezing of freely suspended, supercooled water drops in a large vertical wind tunnel. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 1101-1107.
47. Takahashi, T., 1978: Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1536-1548.
48. Vonnegut, B., 1963: Some facts and speculations concerning the origin and role of thunderstorm electricity. Severe Local Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 27, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 224-241.
49. _, 1982: The physics of thunderclouds. Vol. 1, CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, CRC Press, 1-22.
50. _, 1994: The atmospheric electricity paradigm. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 53-62.
51. Wakimoto, R. M., and J. K. Lew, 1993: Observations of a Florida waterspout during CaPE. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 412-423.
52. Weinheimer, A. J., and A. A. Few, 1987: The electric field alignment of ice particles in thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14 833-14 844.
53. _, J. D. Dye, D. W. Breed, M. P. Spowart, J. L. Parrish, T. L. Hoglin, and T. C. Marshall, 1991: Simultaneous measurements of the charge, size, and shape of hydrometeors in an electrified cloud. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20 809-20 829.
54. Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.