On the incompatibility of ocean and atmosphere models and the need for flux adjustments

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 141-170

  Weaver, Andrew J ^a   Hughes, Tertia M C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGCM; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE DRIFT; FLUX ADJUSTMENTS; FRESHWATER; FRESHWATER FLUX; GCM; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE HEAT; SURFACE HEAT FLUX;

EID: 0029749116     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00211615     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Broecker WS (1987) The great ocean conveyor. Nat Hist Mag 97:74-82
2. Bryan K (1969) A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean. J Comp Phys 4:347-376
3. Bryan K, Manabe S, Pacanowski RC (1975) A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. Part II. The ocean circulation. J Phys Oceanogr 5:30-46
4. Cox MD (1984) A primitive equation, three-dimensional model of the ocean. GFDL Ocean Group Techn Rep 1
5. Cubasch U, Hasslemann K, Höck H, Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U, Santer BD, Sausen R (1992) Time-dependent green-house warming computation with a coupled atmosphereocean model. Clim Dyn 8:55-69
6. Cubasch U, Santer BD, Hellbach A, Hegerl G, Höck H, Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U. Stössel A, Voss R (1994) Monte Carlo climate change forecasts with a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Clim Dyn 10:1-19
7. da Silva AM, Young CC, Levitus S (1995) Atlas of surface marine data 1994, Vol 1: algorithms and procedures. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 7 (in press)
8. Fu R, Del Genio AD, Rossow WB, Liu WT (1992) Cirrus-cloud thermal sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data. Nature 358:394-397
9. Gates WL, Nelson AB (1975) A new (revised) tabulation of the Scripps topography on a 1° global grid. Part II: ocean depths, DARPA Rep
10. Gleckler PJ, Randall DA, Boer G, Colman R, Dix M, Galin V, Helfend M, Kiehl J, Kitoh A, Lau W, Liang X-Z, Lykossov V, McAvaney B, Miyakoda K, Planton S, Stern W (1995) Cloud-radiative effects on implied oceanic energy transports as simulated by atmospheric general circulation models. Geophys Res Lett 22:791-794
11. Haney RL (1971) Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr 1:241-248
12. Hellerman S, Rosenstein M (1983) Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates. J Phys Oceanogr 13:1093-1104
13. Hughes TMC, Weaver AJ (1994) Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. J Phys Oceanogr 24:619-637
14. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1992) Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
15. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1995) Climate Change. The IPCC Second Scientific Assessment (in press)
16. Lenderink G, Haarsma RJ (1994) Variability and multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation associated with deep water formation. J Phys Oceanogr 24:1480-1493
17. Levitus S (1982) Climatological atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Prof Pap 13 US Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
18. McFarlane NA, Boer GJ, Blanchet J-P, Lazare M (1992) The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. J Clim 5:1013-1044
19. Maier-Reimer E, Mikolajewicz U (1992) The Hamburg large scale geostrophic ocean general circulation model. Deutsches KlimaRechenZentrum Techn Rep 2, Hamburg
20. Manabe S, Stouffer RJ (1994) Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J Clim 7:5-23
21. 2. Part I: annual mean response. J Clim 4:785-818
22. 2. Part II: seasonal response. J Clim 5:105-126
23. 2 transient climate change. Part 1. Time-averaged differences. Clim Dyn 8:117-133
24. Murphy JM (1995) Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part I: control climate and flux adjustment. J Clim 8:26-56
25. Murphy JM, Mitchell JFB (1995) Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part II: spatial and temporal structure of response. J Clim 8:57-80
26. Pacanowski RC, Dixon KW, Rosati A (1991) The GFDL modular ocean model users guide. GFDL Ocean Group Techn Rep 2
27. Rahmstorf S (1994) Rapid climate transitions in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature 372:82-85
28. Ramanathan V, Collins W (1991) Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino. Nature 351:27-32
29. Sausen R, Barthel K, Hasselmann K (1988) Coupled ocean-atmosphere models with flux correction. Clim Dyn 2:145-163
30. Semtner AJ (1986) Finite-difference formulation of a world ocean model. In: O'Brien JJ (ed) Advanced physical oceanographic numerical modelling, NATO ASI series, 186, Reidel, pp 187-202
31. UNESCO (1983) Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO technical papers in marine science, 44. UNESCO Division of Marine Sciences, France
32. Wallace JM (1992) Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature. Nature 357:230-231
33. 2: experiments with a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. Clim Dyn 4:1-38
34. Weaver AJ, Hughes TMC (1992) Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation and its link to climate. Trends in Physical Oceanography, Research Trends Series, Council of Scientific Research Integration, Trivandrum, India, 1:15-70
35. Weaver AJ, Sarachik ES (1990) On the importance of vertical resolution in certain ocean general circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr 20:600-609
36. Weaver AJ, Marotzke J, Cummins PF, Sarachik ES (1993) Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation. J Phys Oceanogr 23:39-60