Physical effects of the pulsation preservative treatment process on northeastern red spruce (Picea rubens. Sarg.)

Forest Products Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 56-62

  Flynn, Kevin A ^a   Goodell, Barry S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC COMPOUNDS; BENDING STRENGTH; CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS; COPPER COMPOUNDS; ELASTIC MODULI; IMPREGNATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PROTECTION;

BOARD; ELASTIC MODULUS; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; PULSE; SOFTWOOD; UNDER PRESSURE;

WOOD PRESERVATION;

EID: 0029748428     PISSN: 00157473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1986. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Standard D 143-83. Philadelphia, Pa. pp. 47-75.
2. Anderson, B.E., R.A. Gortner, and H. Schmitz. 1941. Factors affecting the decreasing rate of flow of liquids through wood. Tech. Bull. 146. Univ. of Minnesota, Agri. Expt. Sta., St. Paul, Minn.
3. Bailey, P.J. 1965. Some studies on the permeability of wood in relation to timber preservation. Record of the 15th Annual Convention - British Wood Preserving Assoc., London. pp. 31-66.
4. Baines, E.F. 1986. The current status of commercial waterborne preservative treatment of spruce. Proc. British Wood Preserving Assoc., London, pp. 14-26.
5. _ and J.M. Saur. 1985. Preservative treatment of spruce and other refractory wood. Proc. Am. Wood-Preservers' Assoc. 81:36-147. AWPA, Woodstock, Md.
6. Barnes, H.M. 1985. Effect of steaming temperature and CCA retention on mechanical properties of southern pine. Forest Prod. J. 35(6):31-32.
7. _ and P.H. Mitchell. 1984. Effects of post-treatment drying schedule on the strength of CCA-treated southern pine dimension lumber. Forest Prod. J. 34(6):29-33.
8. _ and J.E. Winandy. 1986. Effects of seasoning and preservatives on the properties of treated wood. Proc. Am. Wood-Preservers' Assoc. 82:95-103. AWPA, Woodstock, Md.
9. Bendtsen, B.A., L.R. Gjovik, and S.P. Verril. 1983. Mechanical properties of longleaf pine treated with waterborne salt preservatives. Res. Pap. FPL-434. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.
10. Bolton, A.J. and J.A. Petty. 1977. Influence of critical point and solvent exchange drying on the gas permeability of conifer sapwood. Wood Sci. 9(4):187-193.
11. Comstock, G.L. and W.A. Cote, Jr. 1968. Factors affecting permeability and pit aspiration in coniferous wood. Wood Sci. and Technology (2):279-291.
12. _. 1967. Longitudinal permeability of wood to gases and nonswelling liquids. Forest Prod. J. 17(10):41-46.
13. Erickson, H.D. and R.J. Crawford. 1959. The effects of several seasoning methods on the permeability of wood to liquids. Proc. Am. Wood-Preservers' Assoc. 55:210-220. AWPA, Woodstock, Md.
14. _. 1970. Permeability of southern pine wood - A review. Wood Sci. 2(3):149-158.
15. Fleischer, H.O. 1950. An anatomical comparison of refractory and easily treated Douglas-fir heartwood. Proc. Am. Wood-Preservers' Assoc. 46:152-157. AWPA, Woodstock, Md.
16. Flynn, K.A. and B.S. Goodell. 1984. Efficacy of pressure treating Northeastern red spruce with CCA using the pulsation process. Forest Prod. J. 44(10):47-49.
17. Hart, C.A. and R.J. Thomas. 1967. Mechanism of bordered pit aspiration as caused by capillarity. Forest Prod. J. 17(11):61-68.
18. Hornicsar, C.A., P.R. Blankenhorn, and D.A. Webb. 1987. Effects of creosote and CCA on moisture movement in southern pine and red oak. Wood and Fiber Sci. 19(1):1-8.
19. Hosli, J.P. and J.N.R. Ruddick. 1988. The potential of high pressure pulsation processes to treat white spruce lumber with water-borne preservatives. Doc. No. IRG/WP/3471. Inter. Res. Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, Sweden.
20. Hudson, M.S. and S.T Henriksson. 1956. The oscillating pressure method of wood impregnation. Forest Prod. J. 6(10):381-386.
21. Johansson, I. and K. Nordman-Edberg. 1987. Studies on the permeability of Norway spruce. Doc. No. IRG/WP/2295. Inter. Res. Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, Sweden.
22. Keith, C.T. and G. Chauret. 1988. Anatomical studies of CCA penetration associated with conventional (tooth) and with micro (needle) incising. Wood and Fiber Sci. 20(2):197-208.
23. Knuffel, W.E. 1985. The effect of CCA preservative treatment on the compression strength of South African pine structural lumber. Holzforschung und Holzverwertung 37(5):96-99.
24. Krahmer, R.L. and W.A. Cote, Jr. 1963. Changes in coniferous wood cells associated with heartwood formation. Tappi 46(1):42-49.
25. Kumar, S. and V.K. Jain. 1978. Effects of wood preservatives on physical properties of wood. II. Effects of different salt loadings of copper-chrome-arsenic composition. Wood and Fiber 9(4):262-269.
26. Kuroda, N. and J.F. Siau. 1988. Evidence of nonlinear flow in softwoods from wood permeability measurements. Wood and Fiber Sci. 20(1):162-169.
27. Lee, A.W.C. 1985. Effect of CCA-treating and air-drying on the properties of southern pine lumber and plywood. Wood and Fiber Sci. 17(2):209-213.
28. Liese, W. and J. Bauch. 1966. On the closure of bordered pits in conifers. Wood Sci. and Technology (1):1-13.
29. Liese, W. and J. Bauch. 1967. On anatomical causes of the refractory behavior of spruce and Douglas-fir. Institute of Wood Sci. J. No.19 (Vol. 19, No. 1):3-14.
30. Mitchell, P.H. and H.M. Barnes. 1986. Effect of drying temperature on the clear wood strength of southern pine treated with CCA-Type A. Forest Prod. J. 36(3):8-12.
31. Nicholas, D.D. 1982. Characteristics of preservative solutions which influence their penetration into wood. Forest Prod. J. 22(5):31-36.
32. Perng, W.R. 1980. Studies on flow in wood. I. Permeability and axial structural variation. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 26(3):132-138.
33. _. 1981. Studies on flow in wood. V. Air flow and effective pit openings in spruce wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 27(5):356-362.
34. Petty, J.A. 1970. Permeability and structure of the wood of Sitka spruce. Proc. Royal Soc. London B. 179:149-166.
35. Resch, H. and R. Parker. 1982. Strength and stiffness of preservative-treated marine piles. Wood and Fiber 14(4):310-319.
36. Riechert, C.H. 1976. On the theory of pressure loss in wood during pressure impregnation. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 34:331-333.
37. Sebastion, L.P., W.A. Cote, Jr., and C. Skaar. 1965. Relationship of gas phase permeability to ultrastructure of white spruce wood. Forest Prod. J. 15(9):394-404.
38. USDA Forest Service. 1955 and 1987. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. Agri. Handbook No. 72. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.
39. Walchli, O. 1975. Topical problems regarding the wood impregnation with salts. Inter. Union of Forest Res. Organizations, VII World Congress, Div. 5. pp. 317-330.
40. Willeitner, H. and R.J. Murphy. 1987. Wash-board effect: a surface deformation of spruce resulting from vacuum-pressure impregnation with water-borne preservatives. Doc. No. IRG/WP/3450. International Res. Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm, Sweden.
41. Winandy, J.E. and R.S. Boone. 1988. The effects of CCA preservative treatment and redrying on the bending properties of 2 × 6 southern pine lumber. Wood and Fiber Sci. 20(3):350-364.