Prevalence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts and characterization of Giardia spp. isolated from drinking water in Canada

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 62, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 2789-2797

  Wallis, P M ^a   Erlandsen, S L ^b   Isaac Renton, J L ^c   Olson, M E ^d   Robertson, W J ^e   Van Keulen, H ^f  

^a Hyperion Research Ltd   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^e HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

^f CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

ARTICLE; BIOTYPOLOGY; CANADA; CHLORINATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; GERBIL; GIARDIASIS; KARYOTYPING; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OOCYST; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING;

EID: 0029743876     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.8.2789-2797.1996     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Belosevic, M., G. M. Faubert, R. Guy, J. D. MacLean, C. Law, and N. A. Croll. 1983. Giardia lamblia infections in Mongolian gerbils: an animal model. J. Infect. Dis. 147:222-226.
2. Clancy, J. L. Personal communication.
3. Giboda, M. 1988. Studies on the prevalence of giardiasis in Czechoslovakia, p. 39-41. In P. M. Wallis and B. R. Hammond (ed.), Advances in Giardia research. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
4. Haas, C. N., and J. B. Rose. 1995. Developing an action level for Cryptosporidium. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(9):81-84.
5. 4a. Hibler, C. P. Analysis of municipal water samples for cysts of Giardia, p. 237-245. In P. M. Wallis and B. R. Hammond (ed.), Advances in Ciardia Research. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
6. Hoff, J. C., E. W. Rice, and F. W. Schaefer III. 1985. Comparison of animal infectivity and excystation as measures of Giardia muris cyst inactivation by chlorine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1115-1117.
7. Homan, W. L., F. H. J. van Enckevort, L. Limper, G. J. J. M. van Eys, G. J. Schoone, W. Kasprzak, A. C. Majewska, and F. van Knapen. 1992. Comparison of Giardia isolates from different laboratories by isoenzyme analysis and recombinant DNA probes. Parasitol. Res. 78:316-323.
8. Isaac-Renton, J. L., C. Cordeiro, K. Sarafis, and H. Shahriari. 1993. Characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates from a waterborne outbreak. J. Infect. Dis. 167:431-440.
9. LeChevallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, and R. G. Lee. 1991. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2610-2616.
10. LeChevallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, and R. G. Lee. 1991. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in filtered drinking water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2617-2621.
11. LeChevallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, J. E. Siegel, and M. Abbaszadegan. 1995. Evaluation of the immunofluorescence procedure for detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 690-697.
12. Mayrhofer, G. 1994. Discussant's report: immunology, p. 161-168. In R. C. A. Thompson, J. A. Reynoldson, and A. J. Lymbery (ed.), Giardia: from molecules to disease. CAB International, Cambridge.
13. Meloni, B. P., A. J. Lymbery, and R. C. A. Thompson. 1995. Genetic characterization of isolates of Giardia intestinalis by enzyme electrophoresis: implications for reproductive biology, population structure, taxonomy, and epidemiology. J. Parasitol. 81:368-383.
14. Olson, M. E., D. W. Morck, and H. Ceri. 1994. Vaccination against Giartlia in domestic kittens, p. 366-367. In R. C. A. Thompson, J. A. Reynoldson, and A. J. Lymbery (ed.), Giardia: from molecules to disease. CAB International, Cambridge.
15. Rendtorff, R. C. 1978. The experimental transmission of Giardia lamblia among volunteer subjects, p. 64-81. In W. Jakubowski and J. C. Hoff (ed.), Waterborne transmission of giardiasis. EPA 600/9-79-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
16. Roach, P. D., M. E. Olson, G. Whitley, and P. M. Wallis. 1993. Waterborne Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Yukon, Canada. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:67-73.
17. Rose, J. B., L. K. Landeen, K. R. Riley, and C. P. Gerba. 1989. Evaluation of immunofluorescence techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts from environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:3189-3196.
18. Schupp, D. G., and S. L. Erlandsen. 1987. A new method to determine Giardia cyst viability: correlation of fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide staining with animal infectivity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:704-709.
19. Thompson, R. C. A., A. J. Lymbery, and B. P. Meloni. 1990. Genetic variation in Giardia Kuntsler, 1882: taxonomic and epidemiological significance. Protozool. Abstr. 14:1-28.
20. Tibayrenc, M. 1993. Entamoeba, Giardia and Toxoplasma: clones or cryptic species? Parasitol. Today 9:102-105.
21. van Keulen, H., W. L. Homan, S. L. Erlandsen, and E. J. Jarroll. 1995. A three nucleotide sequence in small subunit rRNA divides human Giardia in two different genotypes. J. Eukaryote Microbiol. 42:392-394.
22. Wallis, P. M. 1994. Abiotic transmission - is water really significant?, p. 99-122. In R. C. A. Thompson, J. A. Reynoldson, and A. J. Lymbery (ed.), Giardia: from molecules to disease. CAB International, Cambridge.
23. Wallis, P. M., W. J. Robertson, P. D. Roach, and M. J. Wallis. 1993. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Canadian water supplies, p. 165-185. In W. J. Robertson, R. Tobin, and K. Kjartanson (ed.), Disinfection dilemma: microbiological control vs. by-products. Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Drinking Water, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1992. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
24. Wallis, P. M., and H. M. Wallis. 1986. Excystation and culturing of human and animal Giardia spp. by using gerbils and TYI-S-33 medium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:647-651.
25. Weiss, J. B., H. van Keulen, and T. E. Nash. 1992. Classification of subgroups of Giardia lamblia based upon ribosomal RNA gene sequence using the polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 54:73-86.