Immunological changes among farmers exposed to phenoxy herbicides: Preliminary observations

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 53, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 583-585

  Faustini, Annunziata ^a   Settimi, Laura ^b,c   Pacifici, Roberta ^b   Fano, Valeria ^d   Zuccaro, Piergiorgio ^b   Forastiere, Francesco ^d  

^a Local Health Unit   (Italy)

^b ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^c Dept of Occup and Environ Med ^*  (Sweden)

^d DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Italy)

Author keywords

Farmers; Immunological changes; Phenoxy herbicides

Indexed keywords

2 (4 CHLORO 2 METHYLPHENOXY)ACETIC ACID; 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; HERBICIDE;

ADULT; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0029741853     PISSN: 13510711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/oem.53.9.583     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Hardell L, Eriksson M, Lenner P, Lundgren E. Malignant lymphoma and exposure to chemicals, especially organic solvents, chlorophenols and phenoxy acids: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1981;43:169-76.
2. Hoar SK, Blair A, Holmes FF, Boysen CD, Robel RJ, Hoover R, et al. Agricultural herbicides and risk of lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma. JAMA 1986;256: 1141-6.
3. Woods JS, Polissar L, Severson RK, Heuser LS, Kulander BG. Soft tissue sarcoma. And non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in relation to phenoxyherbicide and chlorinated phenol exposure in western Washington. J Nattl Cancer Inst 1987;78:899-910.
4. Hardell L, Eriksson M. The association between soft-tissue sarcomas and exposure to phenoxyacetic acids: a new case-referent study. Cancer 1988;62:652-6.
5. Wigle DT, Semenciw RM, Wilkins K, Riedel D, Ritter L, Morrison HJ, et al. Mortality of Canadian farm operators: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality and agricultural practices in Saskatchewan. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82:575-82.
6. Zahm SH, Weisenburger DD, Rabbitt PA, Saal CR, Vaught JB, Cantor PK, et al. A case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in eastern Nebraska. Epidemiology 1990;1:349-56.
7. Kelly SJ, Guidotti TL. Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides and chlorophenols and the etiology of lymphoma and soft tissue neoplasms. Public Health Rev 1989-90;17:1-37.
8. Kinlen LJ. Immunosuppression and cancer. In: Vanio H, Magee PN, McGregor DB, McMichael AJ, eds. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in risk identification. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1992: 237-53.
9. Vineis P, D'Amore P, and the Working Group on the Epidemiology of Hematolymphopoietic Malignancies in Italy. The role of occupational exposure and immunodeficiency in B-cell malignancies. Epidemiology 1992;3: 265-70.
10. Blair A, Zahm SH, Pearce NE, Heineman EF, Fraumeni JF. Clues to cancer aetiology from studies of farmers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1992;18:209-15.
11. Blakley BR, Schiefer BH. The effect of topically applied n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the immune response in mice. J Appl Toxicol 1986;6:291-5.
12. Blakley BR. The effects of oral exposure to the N-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on immune response in mice. Int J Immunopharmacol 1986;8:93-9.
13. Blakley BR, Blakley PM. The effect of prenatal exposure to the n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the immune response in mice. Teratology 1986; 33:15-20.
14. Blakley BR, Gagnon JM. The effect of a commercial 2,4-D formulation on chemical- and viral-induced tumor production in mice. J Appl Toxicol 1992;12:245-9.
15. Adams SL, Horvat ST, Irwin AE, Junkin RW, Koreman NM, Blakley BR. The effects of Tordon 202C exposure on urethane-induced lung adenoma formation in female CD-mice. Vet Hum Toxicol 1991;33:209-11.
16. Seaman WE, Gindhart TD, Blackman MA, Dalal B, Talal N, Werb Z. Suppression of natural killing in vitro by monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Clin Invest 1982;69:876-8.
17. Herberman RB, Bartam S, Haskill JS, Nunn M, Holden HT, West WH. Fc receptors on mouse effectors cells mediating natural cytotoxicity against tumor cells. J Immunol 1977;119:322-6.
18. Thomas PT, Busse WW, Kerkvliet NI, Luster MI, Munson AE, Murray M, et al. Immunologic effects. In: Baker SR, Wilkinson CF, eds. The effects of pesticides on human health. Advances in Modem Environmental Toxicology vol XVIII. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Sci Publ, 1990:261-95.
19. Newcombe DS. Immune surveillance, organophosphorus exposure, and lymphomagenesis. Lancet 1992;339:539-41.
20. + lymphocytes from AIDS patients inhibits T cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol 1990; 21:737-41.
21. Trichieri G. Biology of natural killer cells. Adv Immunol 1989;47:187-376.