Silencing of genes at nontelomeric sites in yeast is controlled by sequestration of silencing factors at telomeres by Rap1 protein

Genes and Development

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 1297-1309

  Marcand, Stéphane ^a,b   Buck, Stephen W ^a   Moretti, Paolo ^a   Gilson, Éric ^b   Shore, David ^a,c  

^a New York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

mating type; Rap1p; silencing; Sir proteins; telomere position effect

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOME MAP; GENE LOCUS; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SILENCER GENE; TELOMERE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 0029741576     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.10.11.1297     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Abraham, J., K.A. Nasmyth, J.N. Strathern, A.J.S. Klar, and J.B. Hicks. 1984. Regulation of mating-type information in yeast. J. Mol. Biol. 176: 307-331.
2. Aparicio, O.M. and D.E. Gottschling. 1994. Overcoming telomeric silencing: A trans-activator competes to establish gene expression in a cell cycle-dependent way. Genes & Dev. 8: 1133-1146.
3. Aparicio, O.M., B.L. Billington, and D.E. Gottschling. 1991. Modifiers of position effect are shared between telomeric and silent mating-type loci in S. cerevisiae. Cell 66: 1279-1287.
4. Bell, S.P. and B. Stillman. 1992. ATP-dependent recognition of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication by a multiprotein complex. Nature 357: 128-134.
5. Bell, S.P., R. Kobayashi, and B. Stillman. 1993. Yeast origin recognition complex functions in transcripton silencing and DNA replication. Science 262: 1844-1849.
6. Bell, S.P., I. Mitchell, J. Leber, R. Kobayashi, and B. Stillman. 1995. The multidomain structure of Orc1p reveals similarity to regulators of DNA replication and transcriptional silencing. Cell 83: 563-568.
7. Biswas, S.B. and S.B. Biswas. 1990. ARS binding factor I of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds to sequences in telomeric and nontelomeric autonomously replicating sequences. Mol. Cell Biol. 10: 810-815.
8. Boscheron, C., L. Maillet, S. Marcand, M. Tsai-Pflugfelder, S.M. Gasser, and E. Gilson. 1996. Cooperation at a distace between silencers and proto-silencers at the yeast HML locus. EMBO J. 15: 2184-2195.
9. Brand, A.H., L. Breeden, J. Abraham, R. Sternglanz, and K. Nasmyth. 1985. Characterization of a "silencer" in yeast: A DNA sequence with properties opposite to those of a transcriptional enhancer. Cell 41: 41-48.
10. Brand, A.H., G. Micklem, and K. Nasmyth. 1987. A yeast si- lencer contains sequences that can promote autonomous plasmid replication and transcriptional activation. Cell 51: 709-719.
11. Buchman, A.R., W.J. Kimmerly, J. Rine, and R.D. Kornberg. 1988. Two DNA-binding factors recognize specific sequences at silencers, upstream activating sequences, autonomously replicating sequences, and telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8: 210-225.
12. Buck, S.W. and D. Shore. 1995. Action of a RAP1 carboxy-terminal silencing domain reveals an underlying competition between HMR and telomeres in yeast. Genes & Dev. 9: 370-384.
13. Chien, C.-T., P.L. Bartel, R. Sternglanz, and S. Fields. 1991. The two-hybrid system: A method to identify and clone genes for proteins that interact with a protein of interest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88: 9578-9582.
14. Chien, C.-T., S. Buck, R. Sternglanz, and D. Shore. 1993. Targeting of SIR1 protein establishes transcriptional silencing at HM loci and telomeres in yeast. Cell 75: 531-541.
15. Cockell, M., F. Palladino, T. Laroche, G. Kyrion, C. Liu, A.J. Lustig, and S.M. Gasser. 1995. The carboxy termini of Sir4 and Rap1 affect Sir3 localization: Evidence for a multicomponent complex required for yeast telomeric silencing. J. Cell Biol. 129: 909-924.
16. Diffley, J.F.X. and J.H. Cocker. 1992. Protein-DNA interactions at a yeast replication origin. Nature 357: 169-172.
17. Dorer, D.R. and S. Henikoff. 1994. Expansions of transgene repeats cause heterochromatin formation and gene silencing in Drosophila. Cell 77: 993-1002.
18. Fleig, U.N., R.D. Pridmore, and P. Philippsen. 1986. Construction of LVS2 cartridges for use in genetic manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 46: 237-245.
19. Foss, M., F.J. McNally, P. Laurenson, and J. Rine. 1993. Origin recognition complex (ORC) in transcriptional silencing and DNA replication in S. cerevisiae. Science 262: 1838-1844.
20. Gilson, E., M. Roberge, R. Giraldo, D. Rhodes, and S.M. Gasser. 1993. Distortion of the DNA double helix by RAP1 at silencers and multiple telomeric binding sites. J. Mol. Biol. 231: 293-310.
21. Gilson, E., T. Muller, J. Sogo, T. Laroche, and S.M. Gasser. 1994. RAP1 stimulates single- to double-strand association of yeast telomeric DNA: Implications for telomere-telomere interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 5310-5320.
22. Gottschling, D.E., O.M. Aparicio, B.L. Billington, and V.A. Zakian. 1990. Position effect at S. cerevisiae telomeres: Reversible repression of pol II transcription. Cell 63: 751-762.
23. Harley, C.B. 1995. Telomeres and aging. In Telomeres (ed. E.H. Blackburn and C.W. Greider), pp. 247-263. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
24. Hecht, A., T. Laroche, S. Strahl-Bolsinger, S.M. Gasser, and M. Grunstein. 1995. Histone H3 and H4 N termini interact with SIRS and SIR4 proteins: A molecular model for the formation of heterochromatin in yeast. Cell 80: 583-592.
25. Kennedy, B.K., N.R. Austriaco, J. Zhang, and L. Guarente. 1995. Mutation in the silencing gene SIR4 can delay aging in S. cerevisiae. Cell 80: 485-496.
26. Kimmerly, W., A. Buchman, R. Kornberg, and J. Rine. 1988. Roles of two DNA-binding factors in replication, segregation and transcriptional repression mediated by a yeast silencer. EMBO J. 7: 2241-2253.
27. Klein, F., T. Laroche, M.E. Cardenas, J.F.-X. Hofmann, D. Schweizer, and S.M. Gasser. 1992. Localization of RAP1 and topoisomerase II in nuclei and meiotic chromosomes of yeast. J. Cell. Biol. 117: 935-948.
28. Kurtz, S. and D. Shore. 1991. The RAP1 protein activates and silences transcription of mating-type genes in yeast. Genes & Dev. 5: 616-628.
29. Kyrion, G., K. Liu, C. Liu, and A.J. Lustig. 1993. RAP1 and telomere structure regulate telomere position effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes & Dev. 7: 1146-1159.
30. Laurenson, P. and J. Rine. 1992. Silencers, silencing, and heritable transcriptional states. Microbiol. Rev. 56: 543-560.
31. Liu, C., X. Mao, and A.J. Lustig. 1994. Mutational analysis defines a C-terminal tail domain of RAP1 essential for telomeric silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 138: 1025-1040.
32. Longtine, M.S., N.M. Wilson, M.E. Petracek, and J. Berman. 1989. A yeast telomere binding activity binds to two related telomere sequence motifs and is indistinguishable from RAP1. Curr. Genet. 16: 225-240.
33. Loo, S., P. Laurenson, M. Foss, A. Dillin, and J. Rine. 1995. Roles of ABF1, NPL3, and YCLS4 in silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 141: 889-902.
34. Louis, E.J., E.S. Naumova, A. Lee, N. Gennadi, and J.E. Haber. 1994. The chromosome end in yeast: Its mosaic nature and influence on recombination dynamics. Genetics 136: 789-802.
35. Mahoney, D.J., R. Marquardt, G.-J. Shei, A.B. Rose, and J.R. Broach. 1991. Mutations in the HML E silencer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yield metastable inheritance of transcriptional repression. Genes & Dev. 5: 605-615.
36. Marshall, M., D. Mahoney, A. Rose, J.B. Hicks, and J.R. Broach. 1987. Functional domains of SIR4, a gene required for position effect regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7: 4441-4452.
37. McCarroll, R.M. and W.L. Fangman. 1988. Time of replication of yeast centromeres and telomeres. Cell 54: 505-513.
38. Micklem, G., A. Rowley, J. Harwood, K. Nasmyth, and J.F.X. Diffley. 1993. Yeast origin recognition complex is involved in DNA replication and transcriptional silencing. Nature 366: 87-89.
39. Miller, A.M. and K.A. Nasmyth. 1984. Role of DNA replication in the repression of silent mating-type loci in yeast. Nature 312: 247-251.
40. Moretti, P., K. Freeman, L. Coodley, and D. Shore. 1994. Evidence that a complex of SIR proteins interacts with the silencer and telomere-binding protein RAP1. Genes & Dev. 8: 2257-2269.
41. Palladino, F., T. Laroche, E. Gilson, A. Axelrod, L. Pillus, and S.M. Gasser. 1993. SIR3 and SIR4 proteins are required for the positioning and integrity of yeast telomeres. Cell 75: 543-555.
42. Pillus, L. and J. Rine. 1989. Epigenetic inheritance of transcriptional states in S. cerevisiae. Cell 59: 637-647.
43. Renauld, H., O.M. Apancio, P.D. Zierath, B.L. Billington, S.K. Chhablani, and D.E. Gottschling. 1993. Silent domains are assembled continuously from the telomere and are defined by promoter distance and strength, and by SIR3 dosage. Genes & Dev. 7: 1133-1145.
44. Rine, J. and I. Herskowitz. 1987. Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 116: 9-22.
45. Rose, M.D., F. Winston, and P. Hieter. 1990. Methods in yeast genetics: A laboratory course manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold spring Harbor, NY.
46. Rothstein, R. 1991. Targeting, disruption, replacement, and allele rescue: Integrative DNA transformation in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 194: 281-301.
47. Shei, G.-J. and J.R. Broach. 1995. Yeast silencers can act as orientation-dependent gene inactivation centers that respond to environmental signals. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 3496-3506.
48. Shore, D. 1995. Telomere position effect and transcriptional silencing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Telomeres (ed. E.H. Blackburn and C.W. Greider), pp. 247-263. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
49. Shore, D. and K. Nasmyth. 1987. Purification and cloning of a DNA binding protein from yeast that binds to both silencer and activator elements. Cell 51: 721-732.
50. Shore, D., D.J. Stillman, A.H. Brand, and K.A. Nasmyth. 1987. Identification of silencer binding proteins from yeast: Possible roles in SIR control and DNA replication. EMBO J. 6: 461-467.
51. Stavenhagen, J.B. and V.A. Zakian. 1994. Internal tracts of telomeric DNA act as silencers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes & Dev. 8: 1411-1422.
52. Stone, E.M., M.J. Swanson, A.M. Romeo, J.B. Hicks, and R. Sternglanz. 1991. The SIR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its role as an extragenic suppressor of several mating-defective mutants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 2253-2262.
53. Sussel, L. and D. Shore. 1991. Separation of transcriptional activation and silencing functions of the RAP1-encoded repressor/activator protein 1: Isolation of viable mutants affecting both silencing and telomere length. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88: 7749-7753.
54. Sussel, L., D. Vannier, and D. Shore. 1993. Epigenetic switching of transcriptional states: cis- and trans-acting factors affecting establishment of silencing at the HMR locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 3919-3928.
55. Thomas, B.J. and R. Rothstein. 1989. Elevated recombination rates in transcriptionally active DNA. Cell 56: 619-630.
56. Thompson, J.S., L.M. Johnson, and M. Grunstein. 1994. Specific repression of the yeast silent mating locus HMR by an adjacent telomere. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 446-445.