메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 757-763

Efficient nondestructive sampler for carcasses and other surfaces

Author keywords

Carcass; rotorinser; stomacher; surface sampling; swab; total counts

Indexed keywords


EID: 0029740844     PISSN: 0362028X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-59.7.757     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0000608491 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of swab and tissue excision methods for recovering microorganisms from washed and sanitized beef carcasses
    • Andersen, M. E., H. E. Huff, H. D. Naumann, R. T. Marshall, J. Damare, R. Johnston, and M. Pratt. 1987. Evaluation of swab and tissue excision methods for recovering microorganisms from washed and sanitized beef carcasses. J. Food Prot. 50:741-743.
    • (1987) J. Food Prot. , vol.50 , pp. 741-743
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Huff, H.E.2    Naumann, H.D.3    Marshall, R.T.4    Damare, J.5    Johnston, R.6    Pratt, M.7
  • 2
    • 84982334243 scopus 로고
    • A direct surface agar plate laboratory method for quantitatively detecting bacterial contamination on nonporous surfaces
    • Angelotti, R., and M. J. Foter. 1958. A direct surface agar plate laboratory method for quantitatively detecting bacterial contamination on nonporous surfaces. Food Res. 23:170-174.
    • (1958) Food Res. , vol.23 , pp. 170-174
    • Angelotti, R.1    Foter, M.J.2
  • 3
    • 0013770996 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of the cotton swab and RODAC methods for the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spore contamination from stainless steel surfaces
    • Angelotti, R., J. L. Wilson, W. Litsky, and W. G. Walter. 1964. Comparative evaluation of the cotton swab and RODAC methods for the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spore contamination from stainless steel surfaces. Health Lab. Sci. 1:289-296.
    • (1964) Health Lab. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 289-296
    • Angelotti, R.1    Wilson, J.L.2    Litsky, W.3    Walter, W.G.4
  • 4
    • 0003497338 scopus 로고
    • Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Arlington, VA
    • AOAC. 1992. Bacteriological analytical manual, 7th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Arlington, VA.
    • (1992) Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 7th Ed.
  • 5
    • 0014839601 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying bacteria on poultry carcass skin
    • Avens, J. S., and B. F. Miller. 1970. Quantifying bacteria on poultry carcass skin. Poult. Sci. 49:1309-1315.
    • (1970) Poult. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1309-1315
    • Avens, J.S.1    Miller, B.F.2
  • 6
    • 2542602416 scopus 로고
    • The removal of bacteria from glass surfaces with calcium alginate, gauze and absorbent cotton wool swabs
    • Barnes, J. M. 1952. The removal of bacteria from glass surfaces with calcium alginate, gauze and absorbent cotton wool swabs. Proc. Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. 15:34-40.
    • (1952) Proc. Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.15 , pp. 34-40
    • Barnes, J.M.1
  • 7
    • 84865665591 scopus 로고
    • Eine Sprühmethode zur Ermittlung des Oberflächenkeimgehaltes bei Schlachttieren
    • Baumgart, J., and H. Kussmann. 1975. Eine Sprühmethode zur Ermittlung des Oberflächenkeimgehaltes bei Schlachttieren. Fleischwirtschaft 55:113-114.
    • (1975) Fleischwirtschaft , vol.55 , pp. 113-114
    • Baumgart, J.1    Kussmann, H.2
  • 8
    • 0017817958 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial sampling techniques on beef, pork and lamb adipose tissue
    • Berry, B. W., A. L. Joseph, and A. Ai-Ti Chen. 1978. Bacterial sampling techniques on beef, pork and lamb adipose tissue. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:978-979.
    • (1978) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 978-979
    • Berry, B.W.1    Joseph, A.L.2    Ai-Ti Chen, A.3
  • 10
    • 0016770560 scopus 로고
    • Total rinse method for microbiological sampling of the internal cavity of eviscerated broiler carcasses
    • Blankenship, L. C., N. A. Cox, S. E. Craven, and R. L. Richardson. 1975. Total rinse method for microbiological sampling of the internal cavity of eviscerated broiler carcasses. Appl. Microbiol. 30:290-292.
    • (1975) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.30 , pp. 290-292
    • Blankenship, L.C.1    Cox, N.A.2    Craven, S.E.3    Richardson, R.L.4
  • 11
    • 9544248018 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the swab rinse technic for examining eating and drinking utensils
    • Buchbinder, L., T. C. Buck, P. M. Phelps, R. V. Stone, and W. D. Tiedeman. 1947. Investigations of the swab rinse technic for examining eating and drinking utensils. Am. J. Publ. Health 37:373-378.
    • (1947) Am. J. Publ. Health , vol.37 , pp. 373-378
    • Buchbinder, L.1    Buck, T.C.2    Phelps, P.M.3    Stone, R.V.4    Tiedeman, W.D.5
  • 12
    • 84902426985 scopus 로고
    • An in-vivo method for determining the degerming efficiency of soaps containing hexachlorophene
    • Cade, A. R. 1952. An in-vivo method for determining the degerming efficiency of soaps containing hexachlorophene. Amer. Soc. Test. Mat. Tech. Publ. no. 115, p. 33-39.
    • (1952) Amer. Soc. Test. Mat. Tech. Publ. No. 115 , vol.115 , pp. 33-39
    • Cade, A.R.1
  • 13
    • 85035178177 scopus 로고
    • FSIS designs beef data sampling program: Part 1
    • Fall, U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Carosella, J. M. 1992. FSIS designs beef data sampling program: part 1, p. 4-6. FSIS Food Safety Review, Fall, U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • (1992) FSIS Food Safety Review , pp. 4-6
    • Carosella, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 9044250038 scopus 로고
    • Method of estimating the bacterial population on surfaces
    • Clark, D. S. 1963. Method of estimating the bacterial population on surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol. 11:407-413.
    • (1963) Can. J. Microbiol. , vol.11 , pp. 407-413
    • Clark, D.S.1
  • 15
    • 0043208248 scopus 로고
    • Scotch tape-slides for rapid identification of pathogenic fungi
    • Edwards, R. W. 1951. Scotch tape-slides for rapid identification of pathogenic fungi. Lab. Digest 15:8-9.
    • (1951) Lab. Digest , vol.15 , pp. 8-9
    • Edwards, R.W.1
  • 16
    • 9544239659 scopus 로고
    • A simple technique for collecting fungus specimens from infected surfaces
    • Edwards, R. W., and E. Hartman. 1952. A simple technique for collecting fungus specimens from infected surfaces. Lloydia 15:39.
    • (1952) Lloydia , vol.15 , pp. 39
    • Edwards, R.W.1    Hartman, E.2
  • 19
    • 0343200759 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pre-filtration and enzyme treatment on membrane filtration of foods
    • Entis, P., M. H. Brodsky, and A. N. Sharpe. 1982. Effect of pre-filtration and enzyme treatment on membrane filtration of foods. J. Food Prot. 45:8-11.
    • (1982) J. Food Prot. , vol.45 , pp. 8-11
    • Entis, P.1    Brodsky, M.H.2    Sharpe, A.N.3
  • 20
    • 0021254650 scopus 로고
    • Rapid methods for determining the bacterial quality of red meats
    • Fung, D. Y. C. 1984. Rapid methods for determining the bacterial quality of red meats. J. Environ. Health 46:226-228.
    • (1984) J. Environ. Health , vol.46 , pp. 226-228
    • Fung, D.Y.C.1
  • 21
    • 0344982690 scopus 로고
    • Adhesive tape method for estimating microbial load on meat surfaces
    • Fung, D. Y. C., C. Y. Lee, and C. L. Kastner. 1980. Adhesive tape method for estimating microbial load on meat surfaces. J. Food Prot. 43:295-297.
    • (1980) J. Food Prot. , vol.43 , pp. 295-297
    • Fung, D.Y.C.1    Lee, C.Y.2    Kastner, C.L.3
  • 22
    • 0017797347 scopus 로고
    • Bestimmung von Keimzahlen in der Fleischindustrie
    • Gerats, G. E., and J. M. A. Snijders. 1978. Bestimmung von Keimzahlen in der Fleischindustrie. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 29:57-61.
    • (1978) Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. , vol.29 , pp. 57-61
    • Gerats, G.E.1    Snijders, J.M.A.2
  • 23
    • 0020637542 scopus 로고
    • A new simple method for microbiological sampling of meat surfaces
    • Goulet, J., G. Lévesque, J. R. Moreau, and L. A. Roth. 1983. A new simple method for microbiological sampling of meat surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:631-636.
    • (1983) Can. J. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 631-636
    • Goulet, J.1    Lévesque, G.2    Moreau, J.R.3    Roth, L.A.4
  • 24
    • 9544255963 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative method for determining the bacterial contamination of dishes
    • Guiteras, A. F., L. H. Flett, and R. L. Shapiro. 1954. A quantitative method for determining the bacterial contamination of dishes. Appl. Microbiol. 2:100-101.
    • (1954) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.2 , pp. 100-101
    • Guiteras, A.F.1    Flett, L.H.2    Shapiro, R.L.3
  • 25
    • 0000385624 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the bacterial contamination on surfaces in hospitals
    • Hall, L. B., and M. J. Hartnett. 1964. Measurement of the bacterial contamination on surfaces in hospitals. Publ. Health Rep. 79:1021-1030.
    • (1964) Publ. Health Rep. , vol.79 , pp. 1021-1030
    • Hall, L.B.1    Hartnett, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0025079203 scopus 로고
    • Skin sampling-validation of a pad method and comparison with commonly used methods
    • Hambraeus, A., J. Hoborn, and W. Whyte. 1990. Skin sampling-validation of a pad method and comparison with commonly used methods. J. Hosp. Infect. 16:19-27.
    • (1990) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.16 , pp. 19-27
    • Hambraeus, A.1    Hoborn, J.2    Whyte, W.3
  • 27
    • 0014267245 scopus 로고
    • Effect of low-frequency ultrasound and elevated temperatures on isolation of bacteria from raw milk
    • Huhtanen, C. N. 1968. Effect of low-frequency ultrasound and elevated temperatures on isolation of bacteria from raw milk. Appl. Microbiol. 16:470-475.
    • (1968) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.16 , pp. 470-475
    • Huhtanen, C.N.1
  • 28
    • 0025211786 scopus 로고
    • Adhesion of an amylolytic Arthrobacter sp. to starch-containing plastic films
    • Imam, S. H., and J. M. Gould. 1990. Adhesion of an amylolytic Arthrobacter sp. to starch-containing plastic films. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:872-876.
    • (1990) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.56 , pp. 872-876
    • Imam, S.H.1    Gould, J.M.2
  • 29
    • 0017147704 scopus 로고
    • The microbiology of the red meat carcass and the slaughterhouse
    • Ingram, M., and T. A. Roberts. 1976. The microbiology of the red meat carcass and the slaughterhouse. Roy. Soc. Health J. 96:270-276.
    • (1976) Roy. Soc. Health J. , vol.96 , pp. 270-276
    • Ingram, M.1    Roberts, T.A.2
  • 30
    • 0018706820 scopus 로고
    • Wipe-rinse technique for quantitating microbiol contamination on large surfaces
    • Kirschner, L. E., and J. R. Puleo. 1979. Wipe-rinse technique for quantitating microbiol contamination on large surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:466-470.
    • (1979) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.38 , pp. 466-470
    • Kirschner, L.E.1    Puleo, J.R.2
  • 31
    • 0003215664 scopus 로고
    • Sampling for precise microbiological plate counts on broiler chicken carcasses
    • Klinger, I., D. Basker, and B. J. Juven. 1981. Sampling for precise microbiological plate counts on broiler chicken carcasses. Poultry Sci. 60:575-578.
    • (1981) Poultry Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 575-578
    • Klinger, I.1    Basker, D.2    Juven, B.J.3
  • 32
    • 0017577403 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of microbial counts on beef carcasses by using the moist-swab contact method and secondary tissue removal technique
    • Lazarus, C. R., A. Abu-Bakar, R. L. West, and J. L. Oblinger. 1977. Comparison of microbial counts on beef carcasses by using the moist-swab contact method and secondary tissue removal technique. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:217-218.
    • (1977) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 217-218
    • Lazarus, C.R.1    Abu-Bakar, A.2    West, R.L.3    Oblinger, J.L.4
  • 33
    • 0022630467 scopus 로고
    • Methods for sampling meat surfaces
    • Lee, J. Y., and D. Y. C. Fung. 1986. Methods for sampling meat surfaces. J. Environ. Health 48:200-205.
    • (1986) J. Environ. Health , vol.48 , pp. 200-205
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Fung, D.Y.C.2
  • 36
    • 9544228604 scopus 로고
    • Zwei Methoden zur bakteriologischen Untersuchung von Schlachtgeflugel
    • Leistner, L., and L. Szentkuti. 1970. Zwei Methoden zur bakteriologischen Untersuchung von Schlachtgeflugel. Fleischwirtschaft 50:81.
    • (1970) Fleischwirtschaft , vol.50 , pp. 81
    • Leistner, L.1    Szentkuti, L.2
  • 37
    • 0001512705 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sampling methods and implications for bacterial decontamination of poultry carcasses by rinsing
    • Lillard, H. S. 1988. Comparison of sampling methods and implications for bacterial decontamination of poultry carcasses by rinsing. J. Food Prot. 51:405-408.
    • (1988) J. Food Prot. , vol.51 , pp. 405-408
    • Lillard, H.S.1
  • 38
    • 77952057569 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the relative bacterial cleanability of milk-contact surfaces
    • Masurovsky, E. B., and W. K. Jordan. 1958. Studies on the relative bacterial cleanability of milk-contact surfaces. J. Dairy Sci. 41:1342-1358.
    • (1958) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1342-1358
    • Masurovsky, E.B.1    Jordan, W.K.2
  • 39
    • 0344045181 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the removal of Staphylococcus aureus from milk-contact surfaces by ultrasonic cleaning methods
    • Masurovsky, E. B., and W. K. Jordan. 1960. Studies on the removal of Staphylococcus aureus from milk-contact surfaces by ultrasonic cleaning methods. J. Dairy Sci. 11:1545-1559.
    • (1960) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 1545-1559
    • Masurovsky, E.B.1    Jordan, W.K.2
  • 40
    • 0015642681 scopus 로고
    • The bacteriological condition of eviscerated chickens processed under controlled conditions in a spin-chilling system and sampled by two different methods
    • Mead, G. C., and N. L. Thomas. 1973. The bacteriological condition of eviscerated chickens processed under controlled conditions in a spin-chilling system and sampled by two different methods. Br. Poultry Sci. 14:413-419.
    • (1973) Br. Poultry Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 413-419
    • Mead, G.C.1    Thomas, N.L.2
  • 41
    • 9544241614 scopus 로고
    • Huidevermalingsmethode-Colworth Stomacher
    • Mulder, R. W. A. W. 1975. Huidevermalingsmethode-Colworth Stomacher. Vleesdistrib Vleestechnol. 10:24-25.
    • (1975) Vleesdistrib Vleestechnol. , vol.10 , pp. 24-25
    • Mulder, R.W.A.W.1
  • 42
    • 9544257556 scopus 로고
    • Special applications of the membrane filter in the food industry
    • Murphy, J. F., and J. H. Silliker. 1955. Special applications of the membrane filter in the food industry. Bacteriol. Proc., 1955, A5, p. 20-21.
    • (1955) Bacteriol. Proc., 1955 , vol.A5 , pp. 20-21
    • Murphy, J.F.1    Silliker, J.H.2
  • 46
    • 0017397635 scopus 로고
    • Determination of relative bacterial levels on carcasses and meats - A new quick method
    • Olgaard, K. 1977. Determination of relative bacterial levels on carcasses and meats - a new quick method. J. Appl. Bact. 42:321-329.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Bact. , vol.42 , pp. 321-329
    • Olgaard, K.1
  • 47
    • 0027326331 scopus 로고
    • Improved aerobic colony count technique for hydrophobic grid membrane filters
    • Parrington, L. J., A. N. Sharpe, and P. I. Peterkin. 1993. Improved aerobic colony count technique for hydrophobic grid membrane filters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2784-2789.
    • (1993) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.59 , pp. 2784-2789
    • Parrington, L.J.1    Sharpe, A.N.2    Peterkin, P.I.3
  • 48
    • 9544238417 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriology of processed broilers 1. Methods of examination
    • N. Ireland
    • Patterson, J. T., and D. J. Stewart. 1962. Bacteriology of processed broilers 1. Methods of examination. Res. Exp. Rec. Min. Agric., N. Ireland, vol. 11, part 1, p. 57-63.
    • (1962) Res. Exp. Rec. Min. Agric. , vol.11 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 57-63
    • Patterson, J.T.1    Stewart, D.J.2
  • 49
    • 0018940546 scopus 로고
    • Membrane filtration of dairy products for microbiological analysis
    • Peterkin, P. I., and A. N. Sharpe. 1980. Membrane filtration of dairy products for microbiological analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:1138-1143.
    • (1980) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1138-1143
    • Peterkin, P.I.1    Sharpe, A.N.2
  • 50
    • 0020056452 scopus 로고
    • Inexpensive treatment of frozen dairy products for membrane filtration
    • Peterkin, P. I., A. N. Sharpe, and D. W. Warburton. 1982. Inexpensive treatment of frozen dairy products for membrane filtration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:486-487.
    • (1982) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 486-487
    • Peterkin, P.I.1    Sharpe, A.N.2    Warburton, D.W.3
  • 51
    • 0015355868 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of procedures for enumerating bacteria in activated sludge
    • Pike, E. B., E. G. Carrington, and P. A. Ashburner. 1972. An evaluation of procedures for enumerating bacteria in activated sludge. J. Appl. Bact. 35:309-321.
    • (1972) J. Appl. Bact. , vol.35 , pp. 309-321
    • Pike, E.B.1    Carrington, E.G.2    Ashburner, P.A.3
  • 52
    • 0012197887 scopus 로고
    • The germicidal action of cleaning agents - A study of a modification of Price's procedure
    • Pohle, W. D., and L. S. Stuart. 1940. The germicidal action of cleaning agents - a study of a modification of Price's procedure. J. Infect. Dis. 67:275-281.
    • (1940) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 275-281
    • Pohle, W.D.1    Stuart, L.S.2
  • 53
    • 0000350830 scopus 로고
    • The bacteriology of normal skin; a new quantitative test applied to a study of the bacterial flora and the disinfectant action of mechanical cleaning
    • Price, P. B. 1938. The bacteriology of normal skin; a new quantitative test applied to a study of the bacterial flora and the disinfectant action of mechanical cleaning. J. Infect. Dis. 63:301-318.
    • (1938) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.63 , pp. 301-318
    • Price, P.B.1
  • 54
    • 0002996666 scopus 로고
    • Use of ultrasonic energy in assessing microbial contamination on surfaces
    • Puleo, J. R., M. S. Favero, and N. J. Petersen. 1967. Use of ultrasonic energy in assessing microbial contamination on surfaces. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1345-1351.
    • (1967) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.15 , pp. 1345-1351
    • Puleo, J.R.1    Favero, M.S.2    Petersen, N.J.3
  • 55
    • 0014075770 scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of using ultrasonics for removing viable microorganisms from surfaces
    • Puleo, J. R., M. S. Petersen, and G. J. Tritz. 1967. Feasibility of using ultrasonics for removing viable microorganisms from surfaces. Contam. Control 6:58-67.
    • (1967) Contam. Control , vol.6 , pp. 58-67
    • Puleo, J.R.1    Petersen, M.S.2    Tritz, G.J.3
  • 56
    • 0017475088 scopus 로고
    • Control microbológico de superficies con esponjas de poliuretano
    • Quevedo, F., J. A. Lasta, and J. A. Dinelli. 1977. Control microbológico de superficies con esponjas de poliuretano. Rev. L. Am. Microbiol. 19:79-82.
    • (1977) Rev. L. Am. Microbiol. , vol.19 , pp. 79-82
    • Quevedo, F.1    Lasta, J.A.2    Dinelli, J.A.3
  • 57
    • 0018750029 scopus 로고
    • Entwicklung und Prufung eines Abspulgerates zur Erfassung des Oberflachenkeimgehaltes an Schlachttierkorpen
    • Reuter, G., D. Sasse, and G. Sibomana. 1979. Entwicklung und Prufung eines Abspulgerates zur Erfassung des Oberflachenkeimgehaltes an Schlachttierkorpen. Arch. Lebensmitt. 30:126-129.
    • (1979) Arch. Lebensmitt. , vol.30 , pp. 126-129
    • Reuter, G.1    Sasse, D.2    Sibomana, G.3
  • 58
    • 0018834272 scopus 로고
    • Contamination of meat. The effects of slaughter practices on the bacteriology of red meat carcass surfaces
    • Roberts, T. A. 1980. Contamination of meat. The effects of slaughter practices on the bacteriology of red meat carcass surfaces. Roy. Soc. Health J. 100:3-9.
    • (1980) Roy. Soc. Health J. , vol.100 , pp. 3-9
    • Roberts, T.A.1
  • 59
    • 0000134361 scopus 로고
    • Number and distribution of bacteria on some beef carcasses at selected abattoirs in some member states of the European Communities
    • Roberts, T. A., W. R. Hudson, O. P. Whelehan, B. Simonsen, K. Olgaard, H. Labots, J. M. A. Snijders, and J. van Hoof. 1984. Number and distribution of bacteria on some beef carcasses at selected abattoirs in some member states of the European Communities. Meat Sci. 11:191-205.
    • (1984) Meat Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 191-205
    • Roberts, T.A.1    Hudson, W.R.2    Whelehan, O.P.3    Simonsen, B.4    Olgaard, K.5    Labots, H.6    Snijders, J.M.A.7    Van Hoof, J.8
  • 60
    • 0037938805 scopus 로고
    • Stomaching: A new concept in bacteriological sample preparation
    • Sharpe, A. N., and A. K. Jackson. 1972. Stomaching: a new concept in bacteriological sample preparation. Appl. Microbiol. 24:175-178.
    • (1972) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.24 , pp. 175-178
    • Sharpe, A.N.1    Jackson, A.K.2
  • 61
    • 0014805876 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound and vortex stirring as bacteriological sampling methods for foods
    • Sharpe, A. N., and D. C. Kilsby. 1970. Ultrasound and vortex stirring as bacteriological sampling methods for foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 33:351-357.
    • (1970) J. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.33 , pp. 351-357
    • Sharpe, A.N.1    Kilsby, D.C.2
  • 62
    • 9544228603 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of barrier creams and germicides for hand hygiene
    • Sheena, A. Z., and M. E. Stiles. 1983. Comparison of barrier creams and germicides for hand hygiene. J. Food Prot. 46:943-946.
    • (1983) J. Food Prot. , vol.46 , pp. 943-946
    • Sheena, A.Z.1    Stiles, M.E.2
  • 63
    • 9544229998 scopus 로고
    • A new non-destructive method for the bacteriological sampling of meats
    • Silliker, J. H., H. P. Andrews, and J. F. Murphy. 1957. A new non-destructive method for the bacteriological sampling of meats. Food Technol. (Champaign) 11:317-318.
    • (1957) Food Technol. (Champaign) , vol.11 , pp. 317-318
    • Silliker, J.H.1    Andrews, H.P.2    Murphy, J.F.3
  • 64
    • 0000866505 scopus 로고
    • A cellulose sponge sampling technique for surfaces
    • Silliker, J. H., and D. A. Gabis. 1975. A cellulose sponge sampling technique for surfaces. J. Milk Food Technol. 38:504.
    • (1975) J. Milk Food Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 504
    • Silliker, J.H.1    Gabis, D.A.2
  • 65
    • 84865670008 scopus 로고
    • Niveau de contamination microbiologique de quelques établissements d'abattage et de charcuterie "Aprouvé Canada"
    • Simard, R. E., and G. Auclair. 1981. Niveau de contamination microbiologique de quelques établissements d'abattage et de charcuterie "Aprouvé Canada." Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. 14:128-134.
    • (1981) Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 128-134
    • Simard, R.E.1    Auclair, G.2
  • 67
    • 38249031314 scopus 로고
    • Establishing microbiological surveillance programmes at slaughterlines - A new concept of meat hygiene
    • Stolle, F. A. 1988. Establishing microbiological surveillance programmes at slaughterlines - a new concept of meat hygiene. Meat Sci. 22:203-211.
    • (1988) Meat Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 203-211
    • Stolle, F.A.1
  • 68
    • 0025053846 scopus 로고
    • Increased sensitivity of the rapid hydrophobic grid membrane filter enzyme-labeled antibody procedure for Escherichia coli O157 detection in foods and bovine feces
    • Szabo, R., E. Todd, J. MacKenzie, L. Parrington, and A. Armstrong. 1990. Increased sensitivity of the rapid hydrophobic grid membrane filter enzyme-labeled antibody procedure for Escherichia coli O157 detection in foods and bovine feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:3546-3549.
    • (1990) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.56 , pp. 3546-3549
    • Szabo, R.1    Todd, E.2    MacKenzie, J.3    Parrington, L.4    Armstrong, A.5
  • 69
    • 84981842944 scopus 로고
    • Removal of bacteria from food raw materials by electrophoresis. 1. Factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of certain species of bacteria
    • Tanikawa, E., T. Motohiro and M. Akiba. 1966. Removal of bacteria from food raw materials by electrophoresis. 1. Factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of certain species of bacteria. J. Food Sci. 31:595-604.
    • (1966) J. Food Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 595-604
    • Tanikawa, E.1    Motohiro, T.2    Akiba, M.3
  • 70
    • 85035173850 scopus 로고
    • Removal of bacteria from food raw materials by electrophoresis. II. Applied study with baby clams and oysters
    • Tanikawa, E., T. Motohiro, and M. Akiba. 1967. Removal of bacteria from food raw materials by electrophoresis. II. Applied study with baby clams and oysters. Food Technol. 21 (3A):121A-125A.
    • (1967) Food Technol. , vol.21 , Issue.3 A
    • Tanikawa, E.1    Motohiro, T.2    Akiba, M.3
  • 71
    • 0000019129 scopus 로고
    • A note on a simple and rapid method of bacteriological sampling by means of agar sausages
    • ten Cate, L. 1965. A note on a simple and rapid method of bacteriological sampling by means of agar sausages. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 28:221-223.
    • (1965) J. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.28 , pp. 221-223
    • Ten Cate, L.1
  • 72
    • 0018584323 scopus 로고
    • A note on scanning electron microscopic assessment of stomacher action on chicken skin
    • Thomas, C. J., and T. A. McMeekin. 1980. A note on scanning electron microscopic assessment of stomacher action on chicken skin. J. Appl. Bact. 49:339-344.
    • (1980) J. Appl. Bact. , vol.49 , pp. 339-344
    • Thomas, C.J.1    McMeekin, T.A.2
  • 73
    • 9544247050 scopus 로고
    • The sticky film method of detecting skin staphylococci
    • Thomas, M. 1961. The sticky film method of detecting skin staphylococci. Month. Bull. Min. Health London 20:37-40.
    • (1961) Month. Bull. Min. Health London , vol.20 , pp. 37-40
    • Thomas, M.1
  • 74
    • 84980285145 scopus 로고
    • The suitability of swab tests for determining the bacterial content of dairy equipment
    • Thomas, S. B., E. Griffiths, K. Elson, and N. B. Bebbington. 1955. The suitability of swab tests for determining the bacterial content of dairy equipment. Dairy Ind. 21:41-43.
    • (1955) Dairy Ind. , vol.21 , pp. 41-43
    • Thomas, S.B.1    Griffiths, E.2    Elson, K.3    Bebbington, N.B.4
  • 75
    • 0141535549 scopus 로고
    • Mikrobiologische untersuchung von Oberflachen - Ein Probennahmegerat
    • Thran, V. 1979. Mikrobiologische untersuchung von Oberflachen - ein Probennahmegerat. Fleischwirtschaft 59:950-953.
    • (1979) Fleischwirtschaft , vol.59 , pp. 950-953
    • Thran, V.1
  • 76
    • 2542556784 scopus 로고
    • The use of calcium alginate wool for swabbing dairy equipment
    • Tredinnick, J. E., and J. Tucker. 1951. The use of calcium alginate wool for swabbing dairy equipment. Proc. Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. 14:85-88.
    • (1951) Proc. Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.14 , pp. 85-88
    • Tredinnick, J.E.1    Tucker, J.2
  • 77
    • 9544257555 scopus 로고
    • Technics of skin sampling for microbial contaminants
    • Ulrich, J. A. 1961. Technics of skin sampling for microbial contaminants. Health Lab Sci. 1:133-136.
    • (1961) Health Lab Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 133-136
    • Ulrich, J.A.1
  • 78
    • 0014185494 scopus 로고
    • A new method for evaluating surface contamination of raw meat
    • Williams, M. L. B. 1967. A new method for evaluating surface contamination of raw meat. J. Appl. Bact. 30:498-499.
    • (1967) J. Appl. Bact. , vol.30 , pp. 498-499
    • Williams, M.L.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.