메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 349-363

Concept of autoimmunity following spinal cord injury: Possible roles for T lymphocytes in the traumatized central nervous system

Author keywords

CNS trauma; demyelination; EAE; microglia; neuroimmunology

Indexed keywords

MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN;

EID: 0029739941     PISSN: 03604012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960815)45:4<349::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (226)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 0028281617 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins in the rat brain: Relationship to the blood-brain barrier
    • Aihara N, Tanno H, Hall JJ, Pitts LH, Noble LJ (1994): Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins in the rat brain: Relationship to the blood-brain barrier. J Comp Neurol 342:481-496.
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.342 , pp. 481-496
    • Aihara, N.1    Tanno, H.2    Hall, J.J.3    Pitts, L.H.4    Noble, L.J.5
  • 2
    • 0026527924 scopus 로고
    • Experimental models for spinal cord injury research: Physical and physiological considerations
    • Anderson TE, Stokes BT (1992): Experimental models for spinal cord injury research: Physical and physiological considerations. J Neurotrauma (Suppl 9) 1:S135-S142.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma (Suppl 9) , vol.1
    • Anderson, T.E.1    Stokes, B.T.2
  • 5
    • 0026802511 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of myelin breakdown in demyelinating diseases: Role of proteolytic enzymes
    • Banik NL (1992): Pathogenesis of myelin breakdown in demyelinating diseases: Role of proteolytic enzymes. Crit Rev Neurobiol 6:257-271.
    • (1992) Crit Rev Neurobiol , vol.6 , pp. 257-271
    • Banik, N.L.1
  • 6
    • 0026472710 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury produced by consistent displacement of the cord in rats: Behavioral and histologic analysis
    • Behrmann DL, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS, Shah BR (1992): Spinal cord injury produced by consistent displacement of the cord in rats: Behavioral and histologic analysis. J Neurotrauma 9(3):197-217.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-217
    • Behrmann, D.L.1    Bresnahan, J.C.2    Beattie, M.S.3    Shah, B.R.4
  • 7
    • 0030584891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 expression in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and trauma in the rat
    • Berman JW, Guida MP, Warren J, Amat J, Brosnan CF (1996): Localization of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 expression in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and trauma in the rat. J Immunol 156:3017-3023.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 3017-3023
    • Berman, J.W.1    Guida, M.P.2    Warren, J.3    Amat, J.4    Brosnan, C.F.5
  • 8
    • 0016056185 scopus 로고
    • An immunological approach to regeneration in the central nervous system
    • Berry M, Riches AC (1974): An immunological approach to regeneration in the central nervous system. Br Med Bull 30(2):135-140.
    • (1974) Br Med Bull , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Berry, M.1    Riches, A.C.2
  • 9
    • 0022252884 scopus 로고
    • Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: A candidate for secondary cell damage in spinal cord injury
    • Blight AR (1985): Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: A candidate for secondary cell damage in spinal cord injury. CNS Trauma 2:299-315.
    • (1985) CNS Trauma , vol.2 , pp. 299-315
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 10
    • 0026575478 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages and inflammatory damage in spinal cord injury
    • Blight AR (1992): Macrophages and inflammatory damage in spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma (Suppl 9) 1:S83-S91.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma (Suppl 9) , vol.1
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 11
    • 0028331346 scopus 로고
    • Effects of silica on the outcome from experimental spinal cord injury: Implication of macrophages in secondary tissue damage
    • Blight AR (1994): Effects of silica on the outcome from experimental spinal cord injury: Implication of macrophages in secondary tissue damage. Neuroscience 60:263-273.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.60 , pp. 263-273
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 12
    • 0027764234 scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in spinal cord following contusion injury
    • Blight AR, Saito K, Heyes MP (1993): Increased levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in spinal cord following contusion injury. Brain Res 632:314-316.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.632 , pp. 314-316
    • Blight, A.R.1    Saito, K.2    Heyes, M.P.3
  • 13
    • 0029061019 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid accumulation and functional deficits following experimental spinal cord injury
    • Blight AR, Cohen TI, Saito K, Heyes MP (1995): Quinolinic acid accumulation and functional deficits following experimental spinal cord injury. Brain 118:735-752.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 735-752
    • Blight, A.R.1    Cohen, T.I.2    Saito, K.3    Heyes, M.P.4
  • 14
    • 0025344617 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinalcord injury
    • Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford TR, Young W, Baskin DS, Eisenberg HM, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon J, et al. (1990): A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinalcord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 322:1405-1411.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Collins, W.F.3    Holford, T.R.4    Young, W.5    Baskin, D.S.6    Eisenberg, H.M.7    Flamm, E.8    Leo-Summers, L.9    Maroon, J.10
  • 15
    • 78651008481 scopus 로고
    • The connections of the spinal sub-arachnoid space with the lymphatic system
    • Brierly JB, Field EJ (1948): The connections of the spinal sub-arachnoid space with the lymphatic system. J Anat 82:153-166.
    • (1948) J Anat , vol.82 , pp. 153-166
    • Brierly, J.B.1    Field, E.J.2
  • 16
    • 0027343542 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury: A review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination
    • Seil FJ (ed): New York: Raven Press
    • Bunge RP, Puckett WR, Becerra JL, et al. (1993): Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury: A review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination. In Seil FJ (ed): "Advances in Neurology, 7th Ed." New York: Raven Press, pp 75-89.
    • (1993) Advances in Neurology, 7th Ed. , pp. 75-89
    • Bunge, R.P.1    Puckett, W.R.2    Becerra, J.L.3
  • 17
    • 0029062270 scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus gene transfer causes inflammation in the brain
    • Byrnes AP, Rusby JE, Wood MS, Charlton HM (1995): Adenovirus gene transfer causes inflammation in the brain. Neuroscience 66:1015-1024.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.66 , pp. 1015-1024
    • Byrnes, A.P.1    Rusby, J.E.2    Wood, M.S.3    Charlton, H.M.4
  • 18
    • 0018148235 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of basic protein in myelin by neutral proteases secreted by stimulated macrophages: A possible mechanism of inflammatory demyelination
    • Cammer W, Bloom BR, Norton WT, Gordon S (1978): Degradation of basic protein in myelin by neutral proteases secreted by stimulated macrophages: A possible mechanism of inflammatory demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:1554-1558.
    • (1978) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.75 , pp. 1554-1558
    • Cammer, W.1    Bloom, B.R.2    Norton, W.T.3    Gordon, S.4
  • 19
    • 0027970495 scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes in the central nervous system
    • + T lymphocytes in the central nervous system. Clin Exp Immunol 98:313-318.
    • (1994) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 313-318
    • Cash, E.1    Rott, O.2
  • 20
    • 0025244107 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of edema formation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: The contribution of inflammatory cells
    • Claudio L, Kress Y, Factor J, Brosnan CF (1990): Mechanisms of edema formation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: The contribution of inflammatory cells. Am J Pathol 137:1033-1045.
    • (1990) Am J Pathol , vol.137 , pp. 1033-1045
    • Claudio, L.1    Kress, Y.2    Factor, J.3    Brosnan, C.F.4
  • 21
    • 0025127157 scopus 로고
    • Homing to central nervous system vasculature by antigen specific lymphocytes. I. Localization of C14-labeled cells during acute, chronic, and relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Cross AH, Cannella B, Brosnan CF, Raine CS (1990): Homing to central nervous system vasculature by antigen specific lymphocytes. I. Localization of C14-labeled cells during acute, chronic, and relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Lab Invest 63(2):162-170.
    • (1990) Lab Invest , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-170
    • Cross, A.H.1    Cannella, B.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Raine, C.S.4
  • 22
    • 0026663251 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine-immune interactions associated with loss and restoration of immune system function in spinal cord injury and stroke patients
    • Cruse JM, Lewis RE, Bishop GR, Kliesch WF, Gaitan E (1992): Neuroendocrine-immune interactions associated with loss and restoration of immune system function in spinal cord injury and stroke patients. Immunol Res 11:104-116.
    • (1992) Immunol Res , vol.11 , pp. 104-116
    • Cruse, J.M.1    Lewis, R.E.2    Bishop, G.R.3    Kliesch, W.F.4    Gaitan, E.5
  • 23
    • 0026476657 scopus 로고
    • Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: A new view
    • Cserr HF, Knopf PM (1992): Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: A new view. Immunol Today 13:507-512.
    • (1992) Immunol Today , vol.13 , pp. 507-512
    • Cserr, H.F.1    Knopf, P.M.2
  • 24
    • 0024245665 scopus 로고
    • The nature of inflammatory components during demyelination in multiple sclerosis
    • Cuzner ML, Hayes CM, Newcombe J, Woodroofe MN (1988): The nature of inflammatory components during demyelination in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 20:203-209.
    • (1988) J Neuroimmunol , vol.20 , pp. 203-209
    • Cuzner, M.L.1    Hayes, C.M.2    Newcombe, J.3    Woodroofe, M.N.4
  • 25
    • 0025093295 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system
    • David S, Bouchard C, Tsatas O, Giftochristos N (1990): Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Neuron 5:463-469.
    • (1990) Neuron , vol.5 , pp. 463-469
    • David, S.1    Bouchard, C.2    Tsatas, O.3    Giftochristos, N.4
  • 27
    • 0028326548 scopus 로고
    • Secondary cell death and the inflammatory reaction after dorsal hemisection of the rat spinal cord
    • Dusart I, Schwab ME (1993): Secondary cell death and the inflammatory reaction after dorsal hemisection of the rat spinal cord. EurJ Neurosci 6:712-724.
    • (1993) EurJ Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 712-724
    • Dusart, I.1    Schwab, M.E.2
  • 28
    • 0016716010 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord regeneration in rats after immunosuppressive treatment. Theoretical considerations and histologic results
    • Feringa ER, Johnson RD, Wendt JS (1975): Spinal cord regeneration in rats after immunosuppressive treatment. Theoretical considerations and histologic results. Arch Neurol 32:676-683.
    • (1975) Arch Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 676-683
    • Feringa, E.R.1    Johnson, R.D.2    Wendt, J.S.3
  • 29
    • 0028821481 scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxin quinolinic acid is selectively elevated in spinal cords of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Flanagan EM, Erickson IB, Viveros Humberto O, Chang SY, Reinhard JF, Jr (1995): Neurotoxin quinolinic acid is selectively elevated in spinal cords of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 64:1192-1196.
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.64 , pp. 1192-1196
    • Flanagan, E.M.1    Erickson, I.B.2    Viveros Humberto, O.3    Chang, S.Y.4    Reinhard Jr., J.F.5
  • 30
    • 0029076362 scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain
    • Gehrmann J, Matsumoto Y, Kreutzberg GW (1995): Microglia: Intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain. Brain Res Rev 20:269-287.
    • (1995) Brain Res Rev , vol.20 , pp. 269-287
    • Gehrmann, J.1    Matsumoto, Y.2    Kreutzberg, G.W.3
  • 31
    • 1642325047 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression as a treatment for acute injury of the central nervous system
    • Reier PJ, Bunge RP, Seil FJ (eds): New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Giulian D (1988): Immunosuppression as a treatment for acute injury of the central nervous system. In Reier PJ, Bunge RP, Seil FJ (eds): "Current Issues in Neural Regeneration Research. " New York: Alan R. Liss, pp 281-90.
    • (1988) Current Issues in Neural Regeneration Research , pp. 281-290
    • Giulian, D.1
  • 32
    • 0025058337 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mononuclear phagocytes reduces ischemic injury in the spinal cord
    • Giulian D, Robertson C (1990): Inhibition of mononuclear phagocytes reduces ischemic injury in the spinal cord. Ann Neurol 27:33-42.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 33-42
    • Giulian, D.1    Robertson, C.2
  • 33
    • 0015590730 scopus 로고
    • Demyelination and remyelination after acute spinal cord compression
    • Gledhill RF, Harrison BM, McDonald WI (1973): Demyelination and remyelination after acute spinal cord compression. Exp Neurol 38:472-487.
    • (1973) Exp Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 472-487
    • Gledhill, R.F.1    Harrison, B.M.2    McDonald, W.I.3
  • 34
    • 0026042342 scopus 로고
    • Sex and strain differences in the circadian rhythm fluctuation of endocrine and immune function in the rat: Implications for rodent models of autoimmune disease
    • Griffin AC, Whitacre CC (1991): Sex and strain differences in the circadian rhythm fluctuation of endocrine and immune function in the rat: Implications for rodent models of autoimmune disease. J Neuroimmunol 35:53-64.
    • (1991) J Neuroimmunol , vol.35 , pp. 53-64
    • Griffin, A.C.1    Whitacre, C.C.2
  • 35
    • 0020693488 scopus 로고
    • Nerve fibres in spinal cord impact injuries
    • Griffiths IR, McCulloch MC (1983): Nerve fibres in spinal cord impact injuries. J Neurol Sci 58:335-349.
    • (1983) J Neurol Sci , vol.58 , pp. 335-349
    • Griffiths, I.R.1    McCulloch, M.C.2
  • 36
    • 0024400449 scopus 로고
    • Antibody-induced generation of reactive oxygen radicals by brain macrophages in canine distemper encephalitis: A mechanism for bystander demyelination
    • Griot C, Burge T, Vandevelde M, Peterhans E (1989): Antibody-induced generation of reactive oxygen radicals by brain macrophages in canine distemper encephalitis: A mechanism for bystander demyelination. Acta Neuropathol (Berlin) 78:396-403.
    • (1989) Acta Neuropathol (Berlin) , vol.78 , pp. 396-403
    • Griot, C.1    Burge, T.2    Vandevelde, M.3    Peterhans, E.4
  • 37
    • 0023682112 scopus 로고
    • Genetic control of the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Separation of MHC and non-MHC gene effects
    • Happ MP, Wettstein P, Dietzschold B, Heber-Katz E (1988): Genetic control of the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Separation of MHC and non-MHC gene effects. J Immunol 141:1489-1494.
    • (1988) J Immunol , vol.141 , pp. 1489-1494
    • Happ, M.P.1    Wettstein, P.2    Dietzschold, B.3    Heber-Katz, E.4
  • 38
    • 0025991901 scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein infused into cerebrospmal fluid suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Harling-Berg CJ, Knopf PM, Cserr HF (1991): Myelin basic protein infused into cerebrospmal fluid suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 35:45-51.
    • (1991) J Neuroimmunol , vol.35 , pp. 45-51
    • Harling-Berg, C.J.1    Knopf, P.M.2    Cserr, H.F.3
  • 39
    • 0023279097 scopus 로고
    • Microglia are the major cell type expressing MHC class II antigen in human white matter
    • Hayes GM, Woodroofe MN, Cuzner ML (1987): Microglia are the major cell type expressing MHC class II antigen in human white matter. J Neurol Sci 80:25-37.
    • (1987) J Neurol Sci , vol.80 , pp. 25-37
    • Hayes, G.M.1    Woodroofe, M.N.2    Cuzner, M.L.3
  • 40
    • 0028006363 scopus 로고
    • Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: Rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported
    • Hirschberg DL, Yoles E, Belkin M, Schwartz M (1994): Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: Rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported. J Neuroimmunol 50:9-16.
    • (1994) J Neuroimmunol , vol.50 , pp. 9-16
    • Hirschberg, D.L.1    Yoles, E.2    Belkin, M.3    Schwartz, M.4
  • 43
    • 0002375844 scopus 로고
    • T-cell derived cytokines and their receptors
    • Paul WE, (eds): New York: Raven Press
    • Howard MC, Miyajima A, Coffman R (1993): T-cell derived cytokines and their receptors. In Paul WE, (eds): "Fundamental Immunology, 3rd Ed." New York: Raven Press, pp 763-800.
    • (1993) Fundamental Immunology, 3rd Ed. , pp. 763-800
    • Howard, M.C.1    Miyajima, A.2    Coffman, R.3
  • 45
    • 0021164553 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat
    • Juhler M, Barry DI, Offner H, Konat G, Klinken L, Paulson OB (1984): Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat. Brain Res 302:347-355.
    • (1984) Brain Res , vol.302 , pp. 347-355
    • Juhler, M.1    Barry, D.I.2    Offner, H.3    Konat, G.4    Klinken, L.5    Paulson, O.B.6
  • 46
    • 0024990661 scopus 로고
    • Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis. Pathogenetic and clinical implications
    • Kermode AG, Thompson AJ, Tofts P, MacManus DG, Kendall BE, Kingsley, DP, Moseley IF, Rudge P, McDonald WI (1990): Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis. Pathogenetic and clinical implications. Brain 113:1477-1489.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 1477-1489
    • Kermode, A.G.1    Thompson, A.J.2    Tofts, P.3    MacManus, D.G.4    Kendall, B.E.5    Kingsley, D.P.6    Moseley, I.F.7    Rudge, P.8    McDonald, W.I.9
  • 47
    • 0028893614 scopus 로고
    • Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat
    • Kim JS, Gautam SC, Chopp M, Zaloga C, Jones ML, Ward PA, Welch KM (1995): Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Neuroimmunol 56:127-134.
    • (1995) J Neuroimmunol , vol.56 , pp. 127-134
    • Kim, J.S.1    Gautam, S.C.2    Chopp, M.3    Zaloga, C.4    Jones, M.L.5    Ward, P.A.6    Welch, K.M.7
  • 49
    • 0026664422 scopus 로고
    • Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen
    • Lehmann PV, Forsthuber T, Miller A, Sercarz EE (1992): Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen. Nature 358:155-157.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 155-157
    • Lehmann, P.V.1    Forsthuber, T.2    Miller, A.3    Sercarz, E.E.4
  • 51
    • 0024534407 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous recovery of rats from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is dependent on regulation of the immune system by endogenous adrenal corticosteroids
    • MacPhee IA, Antoni FA, Mason DW (1989): Spontaneous recovery of rats from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is dependent on regulation of the immune system by endogenous adrenal corticosteroids. J Exp Med 169:431-445.
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.169 , pp. 431-445
    • MacPhee, I.A.1    Antoni, F.A.2    Mason, D.W.3
  • 52
    • 0029034068 scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
    • Martin R, McFarland HF (1995): Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 32:121-182.
    • (1995) Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci , vol.32 , pp. 121-182
    • Martin, R.1    McFarland, H.F.2
  • 53
    • 0025236642 scopus 로고
    • The role of the neuroendocrine system in determining genetic susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat
    • Mason D, MacPhee I, Antoni F (1990): The role of the neuroendocrine system in determining genetic susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat. Immunology 70:1-5.
    • (1990) Immunology , vol.70 , pp. 1-5
    • Mason, D.1    MacPhee, I.2    Antoni, F.3
  • 54
    • 0027994601 scopus 로고
    • Absence of MHC class II molecules reduces CNS demyelination, microglial/macrophage infiltration, and twitching in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy
    • Matsushima GK, Taniike M, Glimcher LH, Grusby MJ, Frelinger JA, Suzuki K, Ting JP (1994): Absence of MHC class II molecules reduces CNS demyelination, microglial/macrophage infiltration, and twitching in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy. Cell 78:645-656.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 645-656
    • Matsushima, G.K.1    Taniike, M.2    Glimcher, L.H.3    Grusby, M.J.4    Frelinger, J.A.5    Suzuki, K.6    Ting, J.P.7
  • 55
    • 0028201732 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance, danger, and the extended family
    • Matzinger P (1994): Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol 12:991-1045.
    • (1994) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 991-1045
    • Matzinger, P.1
  • 56
    • 0027161216 scopus 로고
    • Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide
    • Merrill JE, Ignarro LJ, Sherman MP, Melinek J, Lane TE (1993): Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide. J Immunol 151:2132-2141.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 2132-2141
    • Merrill, J.E.1    Ignarro, L.J.2    Sherman, M.P.3    Melinek, J.4    Lane, T.E.5
  • 57
    • 0028952443 scopus 로고
    • A monoclonal autoantibody that promotes central nervous system remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis is a natural autoantibody encoded by germline immunoglobulin genes
    • Miller DJ, Rodriguez M (1995): A monoclonal autoantibody that promotes central nervous system remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis is a natural autoantibody encoded by germline immunoglobulin genes. J Immunol 154:2460-2469.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 2460-2469
    • Miller, D.J.1    Rodriguez, M.2
  • 58
    • 0029032438 scopus 로고
    • Experimental strategies to promote central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Insights gained from the Theiler's virus model system
    • Miller DJ, Asakura K, Rodriguez M (1995): Experimental strategies to promote central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Insights gained from the Theiler's virus model system. J Neurosci Res 41:291-296.
    • (1995) J Neurosci Res , vol.41 , pp. 291-296
    • Miller, D.J.1    Asakura, K.2    Rodriguez, M.3
  • 59
  • 60
    • 0024353079 scopus 로고
    • H2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties
    • H2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Ann Rev Immunol 7:145-174.
    • (1989) Ann Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 145-174
    • Mosmann, T.R.1    Coffman, R.L.2
  • 61
    • 0021249299 scopus 로고
    • Activated T lymphocytes produce a matrix-degrading heparan sulphate endoglycosidase
    • Naparstek Y, Cohen IR, Fuks Z, Vlodavsky I (1984): Activated T lymphocytes produce a matrix-degrading heparan sulphate endoglycosidase. Nature 310:241-244.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 241-244
    • Naparstek, Y.1    Cohen, I.R.2    Fuks, Z.3    Vlodavsky, I.4
  • 62
    • 0024515595 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and time course of protein extravasation in the rat spinal cord after contusive injury
    • Noble LJ, Wrathall JR (1989): Distribution and time course of protein extravasation in the rat spinal cord after contusive injury. Brain Res 482:57-66.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.482 , pp. 57-66
    • Noble, L.J.1    Wrathall, J.R.2
  • 63
    • 0026742832 scopus 로고
    • Facial nerve transection causes expansion of myelin autoreactive T cells in regional lymph nodes and T cell homing to the facial nucleus
    • Olsson T, Diener P, Ljungdahl A, Hojeberg B, van der Meide PH, Kristensson K (1992): Facial nerve transection causes expansion of myelin autoreactive T cells in regional lymph nodes and T cell homing to the facial nucleus. Autoimmunity 13:117-126.
    • (1992) Autoimmunity , vol.13 , pp. 117-126
    • Olsson, T.1    Diener, P.2    Ljungdahl, A.3    Hojeberg, B.4    Van der Meide, P.H.5    Kristensson, K.6
  • 64
    • 0027265568 scopus 로고
    • Autoreactive T and B cell responses to myelin antigens after diagnostic sural nerve biopsy
    • Olsson T, Sun JB, Solders G, Xiao BG, Hojeberg B, Ekre HP, Link H (1993): Autoreactive T and B cell responses to myelin antigens after diagnostic sural nerve biopsy. J Neurol Sci 117:130-139.
    • (1993) J Neurol Sci , vol.117 , pp. 130-139
    • Olsson, T.1    Sun, J.B.2    Solders, G.3    Xiao, B.G.4    Hojeberg, B.5    Ekre, H.P.6    Link, H.7
  • 66
    • 0017106754 scopus 로고
    • Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Role of fibrin deposition in immunopathogenesis of inflammation in rats
    • Paterson PY (1976): Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Role of fibrin deposition in immunopathogenesis of inflammation in rats. Fed Proc 35:2428-2434.
    • (1976) Fed Proc , vol.35 , pp. 2428-2434
    • Paterson, P.Y.1
  • 67
    • 0028179006 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte responses and cytokines
    • Paul WE, Seder RA (1994): Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell 76:241-251.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 241-251
    • Paul, W.E.1    Seder, R.A.2
  • 68
    • 0025188659 scopus 로고
    • Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals
    • Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, Whitaker JN, Albert E, Kappos L, Wekerle, H (1990): Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals. Neurology 40:1770-1776.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 1770-1776
    • Pette, M.1    Fujita, K.2    Kitze, B.3    Whitaker, J.N.4    Albert, E.5    Kappos, L.6    Wekerle, H.7
  • 69
    • 0028047244 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid occurs following spinal contusion injury
    • Popovich PG, Reinhard JF, Jr, Flanagan EM, Stokes BT (1994): Elevation of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid occurs following spinal contusion injury. Brain Res 633:348-352.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.633 , pp. 348-352
    • Popovich, P.G.1    Reinhard Jr., J.F.2    Flanagan, E.M.3    Stokes, B.T.4
  • 70
    • 0030560684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative spatial analysis of the blood-spinal cord barrier I. Permeability changes after experimental spinal contusion injury
    • in press
    • Popovich PG, Horner PJ, Mullin BB, Stokes BT (1996a) A quantitative spatial analysis of the blood-spinal cord barrier I. Permeability changes after experimental spinal contusion injury. Exp Neurol (in press).
    • (1996) Exp Neurol
    • Popovich, P.G.1    Horner, P.J.2    Mullin, B.B.3    Stokes, B.T.4
  • 71
    • 9544258014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular inflammatory response after spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats
    • submitted
    • Popovich PG, Wei P, Stokes BT (1996b): The cellular inflammatory response after spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats. J Comp Neurol, submitted.
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol
    • Popovich, P.G.1    Wei, P.2    Stokes, B.T.3
  • 72
    • 0026557135 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis. Observations and reflections - A personal memoir
    • Poser CM (1992): Multiple sclerosis. Observations and reflections - A personal memoir. J Neurol Sci 107:127-140.
    • (1992) J Neurol Sci , vol.107 , pp. 127-140
    • Poser, C.M.1
  • 73
    • 0028305139 scopus 로고
    • The role of trauma in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: A review
    • Poser CM (1994): The role of trauma in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: A review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 96:103-110.
    • (1994) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 103-110
    • Poser, C.M.1
  • 74
    • 0015065642 scopus 로고
    • Studies of immunological reactions after brain injury. II. Antibodies against brain tissue lipids after blunt head injury in man
    • Prochazka M, Voltnerova M, Stefan J (1971): Studies of immunological reactions after brain injury. II. Antibodies against brain tissue lipids after blunt head injury in man. Int Surg 55(5):322-326.
    • (1971) Int Surg , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 322-326
    • Prochazka, M.1    Voltnerova, M.2    Stefan, J.3
  • 78
    • 0025892475 scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by transforming growth factor-β1
    • Racke MK, Dhib-Jalbut S, Cannella B, Albert PS, Raine CS, McFarlin, DE (1991): Prevention and treatment of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by transforming growth factor-β1. J Immunol 146:3012-3017.
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.146 , pp. 3012-3017
    • Racke, M.K.1    Dhib-Jalbut, S.2    Cannella, B.3    Albert, P.S.4    Raine, C.S.5    McFarlin, D.E.6
  • 79
    • 0021592979 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of autoimmune demyelination: Its impact upon multiple sclerosis
    • Raine CS (1984): Analysis of autoimmune demyelination: Its impact upon multiple sclerosis. Lab Invest 50(6):608-635.
    • (1984) Lab Invest , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 608-635
    • Raine, C.S.1
  • 82
    • 34547907306 scopus 로고
    • Observations on attempts to produce acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys
    • Rivers TM, Sprunt DH, Berry GP (1933): Observations on attempts to produce acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys. J Exp Med 58:39-53.
    • (1933) J Exp Med , vol.58 , pp. 39-53
    • Rivers, T.M.1    Sprunt, D.H.2    Berry, G.P.3
  • 83
    • 43949162155 scopus 로고
    • Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited)
    • Rose NR, Bona C (1993): Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited). Immunol Today 14:426-430.
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 426-430
    • Rose, N.R.1    Bona, C.2
  • 84
    • 0024372111 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance
    • Schwartz RH (1989): Acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell 57:1073-1081.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.57 , pp. 1073-1081
    • Schwartz, R.H.1
  • 85
    • 0027447712 scopus 로고
    • Resident macrophages (ramified microglia) of the adult brown Norway rat central nervous system are constitutively major histocompatibility complex class II positive
    • Sedgwick JD, Schwender S, Gregersen R, Dorries R, ter Meulen V (1993): Resident macrophages (ramified microglia) of the adult brown Norway rat central nervous system are constitutively major histocompatibility complex class II positive. J Exp Med 177:1145-1152.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.177 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Sedgwick, J.D.1    Schwender, S.2    Gregersen, R.3    Dorries, R.4    Ter Meulen, V.5
  • 87
    • 0029053902 scopus 로고
    • T lymphocyte subpopulations and activation markers correlate with severity of Alzheimer's disease
    • Shalit F, Sredni B, Brodie C, Kott E, Huberman M (1995): T lymphocyte subpopulations and activation markers correlate with severity of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 75:246-250.
    • (1995) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.75 , pp. 246-250
    • Shalit, F.1    Sredni, B.2    Brodie, C.3    Kott, E.4    Huberman, M.5
  • 88
    • 0027360433 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandins modulate alterations of microvascular permeability, blood flow, edema and serotonin levels following spinal cord injury: An experimental study in the rat
    • Sharma HS, Olsson Y, Nyberg F, Dey PK (1993): Prostaglandins modulate alterations of microvascular permeability, blood flow, edema and serotonin levels following spinal cord injury: An experimental study in the rat. Neuroscience 57:443-449.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.57 , pp. 443-449
    • Sharma, H.S.1    Olsson, Y.2    Nyberg, F.3    Dey, P.K.4
  • 89
    • 0023190818 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous visualization of vascular permeability change and leukocyte egress in the central nervous system during autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Simmons RD, Buzbee TM, Linthicum DS, Mandy WJ, Chen G, Wang C (1987): Simultaneous visualization of vascular permeability change and leukocyte egress in the central nervous system during autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol (Berlin) 74:191-193.
    • (1987) Acta Neuropathol (Berlin) , vol.74 , pp. 191-193
    • Simmons, R.D.1    Buzbee, T.M.2    Linthicum, D.S.3    Mandy, W.J.4    Chen, G.5    Wang, C.6
  • 90
    • 0026496198 scopus 로고
    • Immunoblot detection of antibodies to myelin basic protein in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Singh VK, Yang YY, Singh EA (1992): Immunoblot detection of antibodies to myelin basic protein in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 147:25-28.
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.147 , pp. 25-28
    • Singh, V.K.1    Yang, Y.Y.2    Singh, E.A.3
  • 91
    • 0015067996 scopus 로고
    • Studies of immunologic reactions after brain injury. I. Antibodies against brain tissue lipids after experimental injury of the brain in rabbits
    • Stefan J, Prochazka M, Voltnerova M (1971): Studies of immunologic reactions after brain injury. I. Antibodies against brain tissue lipids after experimental injury of the brain in rabbits. Int Surg 55(5):316-321.
    • (1971) Int Surg , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 316-321
    • Stefan, J.1    Prochazka, M.2    Voltnerova, M.3
  • 92
    • 0026458725 scopus 로고
    • An electromechanical spinal injury device with dynamic sensitivity
    • Stokes BT, Noyes DH, Behrmann DL (1992): An electromechanical spinal injury device with dynamic sensitivity. J Neurotrauma 9:187-195.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma , vol.9 , pp. 187-195
    • Stokes, B.T.1    Noyes, D.H.2    Behrmann, D.L.3
  • 93
    • 0024340657 scopus 로고
    • Expression of la antigen on perivascular and microglial cells after sublethal and lethal motor neuron injury
    • Streit WJ, Graeber MB, Kreutzberg GW (1989a): Expression of la antigen on perivascular and microglial cells after sublethal and lethal motor neuron injury. Exp Neurol 105:115-126.
    • (1989) Exp Neurol , vol.105 , pp. 115-126
    • Streit, W.J.1    Graeber, M.B.2    Kreutzberg, G.W.3
  • 94
    • 0024538004 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral nerve lesion produces increased levels of major histocompatibility complex antigens in the central nervous system
    • Streit WJ, Graeber MB, Kreutzberg GW (1989b): Peripheral nerve lesion produces increased levels of major histocompatibility complex antigens in the central nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 21:117-123.
    • (1989) J Neuroimmunol , vol.21 , pp. 117-123
    • Streit, W.J.1    Graeber, M.B.2    Kreutzberg, G.W.3
  • 95
    • 0028919313 scopus 로고
    • The basis of autoimmunity: Part II. Genetic predisposition
    • Theofilopoulos AN (1995): The basis of autoimmunity: Part II. Genetic predisposition. Immunol Today 16:150-159.
    • (1995) Immunol Today , vol.16 , pp. 150-159
    • Theofilopoulos, A.N.1
  • 96
    • 0026601588 scopus 로고
    • Demyelination in spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis: What can we do to enhance functional recovery
    • Waxman SG (1992): Demyelination in spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis: What can we do to enhance functional recovery. J Neurotrauma 9:S105-S117.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma , vol.9
    • Waxman, S.G.1
  • 97
    • 0026042008 scopus 로고
    • Oral tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. III. Evidence forclonal anergy
    • Whitacre CC, Gienapp IE, Orosz CG, Bitar DM (1991): Oral tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. III. Evidence forclonal anergy. J Immunol 147:2155-2163.
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.147 , pp. 2155-2163
    • Whitacre, C.C.1    Gienapp, I.E.2    Orosz, C.G.3    Bitar, D.M.4
  • 98
    • 0026605081 scopus 로고
    • Fluids from immune privileged sites endow macrophages with the capacity to induce antigen-specific immune deviation via a mechanism involving transforming growth factor-beta
    • Wilbanks GA, Streilein JW (1992): Fluids from immune privileged sites endow macrophages with the capacity to induce antigen-specific immune deviation via a mechanism involving transforming growth factor-beta. Eur J Immunol 22:1031-1036.
    • (1992) Eur J Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 1031-1036
    • Wilbanks, G.A.1    Streilein, J.W.2
  • 99
    • 0017337291 scopus 로고
    • Studies on cell-mediated hypersensitivity to neural antigens after experimental spinal cord injury
    • Willenborg DO, Staten EA, Eidelberg E (1977): Studies on cell-mediated hypersensitivity to neural antigens after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 54:383-392.
    • (1977) Exp Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 383-392
    • Willenborg, D.O.1    Staten, E.A.2    Eidelberg, E.3
  • 100
    • 0028500549 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory effects of gene transfer into the CNS with defective HSV-1 vectors
    • Wood MJ, Byrnes AP, Pfaff DW, Rabkin SD, Chariten HM (1994): Inflammatory effects of gene transfer into the CNS with defective HSV-1 vectors. Gene Ther 1:283-291.
    • (1994) Gene Ther , vol.1 , pp. 283-291
    • Wood, M.J.1    Byrnes, A.P.2    Pfaff, D.W.3    Rabkin, S.D.4    Chariten, H.M.5
  • 101
    • 0022644493 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical characterisation of the immune reaction in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Possible role for microglia in lesion growth
    • Woodroofe MN, Bellamy AS, Feldmann M, Davison AN, Cuzner ML (1986): Immunocytochemical characterisation of the immune reaction in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Possible role for microglia in lesion growth. J Neurol Sci 74:135-152.
    • (1986) J Neurol Sci , vol.74 , pp. 135-152
    • Woodroofe, M.N.1    Bellamy, A.S.2    Feldmann, M.3    Davison, A.N.4    Cuzner, M.L.5
  • 102
    • 0028597564 scopus 로고
    • Sequential expression of c-fos protooncogene, TNF-α, and dynorphin genes in spinal cord following experimental traumatic
    • Yakovlev AG, Faden AI (1994): Sequential expression of c-fos protooncogene, TNF-α, and dynorphin genes in spinal cord following experimental traumatic. Mol Chem Neuropathol 23:179-190.
    • (1994) Mol Chem Neuropathol , vol.23 , pp. 179-190
    • Yakovlev, A.G.1    Faden, A.I.2
  • 103
    • 0026474397 scopus 로고
    • Expression of interleukin (IL)-l beta, IL-6 and their respective receptors in the normal rat brain and after injury
    • Yan HQ, Banos MA, Herregodts P, Hooghe R, Hooghe-Peters EL (1992): Expression of interleukin (IL)-l beta, IL-6 and their respective receptors in the normal rat brain and after injury. Eur J Immunol 22:2963-2971.
    • (1992) Eur J Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 2963-2971
    • Yan, H.Q.1    Banos, M.A.2    Herregodts, P.3    Hooghe, R.4    Hooghe-Peters, E.L.5
  • 104
    • 0028937785 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and humoral immune responses to viral antigens create barriers to lung-directed gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses
    • Yang Y, Li Q, Ertl HC, Wilson JM (1995): Cellular and humoral immune responses to viral antigens create barriers to lung-directed gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses. J Virol 69:2004-2015.
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 2004-2015
    • Yang, Y.1    Li, Q.2    Ertl, H.C.3    Wilson, J.M.4
  • 106
    • 0002899253 scopus 로고
    • Recovery Mechanisms in Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Regenerative Therapy
    • Seil FJ (ed): New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Young W (1989): Recovery Mechanisms in Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Regenerative Therapy. In Seil FJ (ed): "Neural Regeneration and Transplantation." New York: Alan R. Liss, pp 157-70.
    • (1989) Neural Regeneration and Transplantation , pp. 157-170
    • Young, W.1
  • 107
    • 0025246367 scopus 로고
    • The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Zamvil SS, Steinman L (1990): The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Annu Rev Immunol 8:579-621.
    • (1990) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 579-621
    • Zamvil, S.S.1    Steinman, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.