메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 335, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 490-498

The management of chronic heart failure

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; HYDRALAZINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; PIMOBENDAN; PIPERANOMETOZINE; VASODILATOR AGENT;

EID: 0029739056     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199608153350707     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (316)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0029037793 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for heart failure: Ventricular remodeling and its pharmacological inhibition
    • Cohn JN. Structural basis for heart failure: ventricular remodeling and its pharmacological inhibition. Circulation 1995;91:2504-7
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2504-2507
    • Cohn, J.N.1
  • 2
    • 0025217676 scopus 로고
    • Stretching cardiac myocytes stimulates protooncogene expression
    • Komuro I, Kaida T, Shibazaki Y, et al. Stretching cardiac myocytes stimulates protooncogene expression. J Biol Chem 1990;265:3595-8.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 3595-3598
    • Komuro, I.1    Kaida, T.2    Shibazaki, Y.3
  • 3
    • 0020516786 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine-stimulated hypertrophy of cultured rat myocardial cells is an α-1 adrenergic response
    • Simpson P. Norepinephrine-stimulated hypertrophy of cultured rat myocardial cells is an α-1 adrenergic response. J Clin Invest 1983;72:732-8.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.72 , pp. 732-738
    • Simpson, P.1
  • 5
    • 0015834282 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilator therapy for heart failure: The influence of impedance on left ventricular performance
    • Cohn JN. Vasodilator therapy for heart failure: the influence of impedance on left ventricular performance. Circulation 1973;48:5-8.
    • (1973) Circulation , vol.48 , pp. 5-8
    • Cohn, J.N.1
  • 6
    • 0026569769 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic, left ventricular structural and hormonal changes after discrete myocardial damage in the dog
    • McDonald KM, Francis GS, Carlyle PF, et al. Hemodynamic, left ventricular structural and hormonal changes after discrete myocardial damage in the dog. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:460-7.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 460-467
    • McDonald, K.M.1    Francis, G.S.2    Carlyle, P.F.3
  • 7
    • 0025266820 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: Experimental observations and clinical implications
    • Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation 1990;81:1161-72.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1161-1172
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Braunwald, E.2
  • 8
    • 0028127720 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: The protective effects of captopril
    • St John Sutton M, Pfeffer MA, Plappert T, et al. Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: the protective effects of captopril. Circulation 1994;89:68-75.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 68-75
    • St John Sutton, M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Plappert, T.3
  • 9
    • 0027535080 scopus 로고
    • Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction: Potential mechanisms and early predictors
    • Gaudron P, Eilles C, Kugler I, Ertl G. Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction: potential mechanisms and early predictors. Circulation 1993;87:755-63.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 755-763
    • Gaudron, P.1    Eilles, C.2    Kugler, I.3    Ertl, G.4
  • 10
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricle ejection fractions
    • Erratum, N Engl J Med 1992;327:1768
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricle ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-91. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 1992;327:1768.]
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 685-691
  • 11
    • 0027211889 scopus 로고
    • Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure
    • Cohn JN, Johnson GR, Shabetai R, et al. Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure. Circulation 1993;87:Suppl VI:VI-5-VI-16.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Johnson, G.R.2    Shabetai, R.3
  • 12
    • 0025055285 scopus 로고
    • Heart failure with normal ejection fraction: The V-HeFT Study
    • Cohn JN, Johnson G. Heart failure with normal ejection fraction: the V-HeFT Study. Circulation 1990;81:Suppl III:III-48-III-53.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Johnson, G.2
  • 13
    • 0021886174 scopus 로고
    • Intact systolic left ventricular function in clinical congestive heart failure
    • Soufer R, Wohlgelernter D, Vita NA, et al. Intact systolic left ventricular function in clinical congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1985;55: 1032-6.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 1032-1036
    • Soufer, R.1    Wohlgelernter, D.2    Vita, N.A.3
  • 14
    • 0029257835 scopus 로고
    • An extra-adrenal sodium-retaining factor in congestive heart failure
    • Davis JO. An extra-adrenal sodium-retaining factor in congestive heart failure. J Card Failure 1995;1:179-82.
    • (1995) J Card Failure , vol.1 , pp. 179-182
    • Davis, J.O.1
  • 15
    • 0017804157 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failure
    • Thomas JA, Marks BH. Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1978;41:233-43.
    • (1978) Am J Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 233-243
    • Thomas, J.A.1    Marks, B.H.2
  • 16
    • 0019925250 scopus 로고
    • Activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system assessed by plasma hormone levels and their relation to hemodynamic abnormalities in congestive heart failure
    • Levine TB, Francis GS, Goldsmith SR, Simon AB, Cohn IN. Activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system assessed by plasma hormone levels and their relation to hemodynamic abnormalities in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1982;49:1659-66.
    • (1982) Am J Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 1659-1666
    • Levine, T.B.1    Francis, G.S.2    Goldsmith, S.R.3    Simon, A.B.4    Cohn, I.N.5
  • 17
    • 0022591615 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic outflow in patients with heart failure
    • Leimbach WN Jr, Wallin BG, Victor RG, Aylward PE, Sundlof G, Mark AL. Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic outflow in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1986;73: 913-9.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 913-919
    • Leimbach Jr., W.N.1    Wallin, B.G.2    Victor, R.G.3    Aylward, P.E.4    Sundlof, G.5    Mark, A.L.6
  • 18
    • 0018073274 scopus 로고
    • Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the systemic vasoconstriction of chronic congestive heart failure
    • Curtiss C, Cohn JN, Vrobel T, Franciosa JA. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the systemic vasoconstriction of chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 1978;58:763-70.
    • (1978) Circulation , vol.58 , pp. 763-770
    • Curtiss, C.1    Cohn, J.N.2    Vrobel, T.3    Franciosa, J.A.4
  • 19
    • 0025951502 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure
    • Kubo SH, Rector TS, Bank AJ, Williams RE, Heifetz SM. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1991;84:1589-96.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Kubo, S.H.1    Rector, T.S.2    Bank, A.J.3    Williams, R.E.4    Heifetz, S.M.5
  • 20
    • 0026544193 scopus 로고
    • Plasma endothelin correlates with the extent of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
    • Erratum, Circulation 1993;87:1064
    • Cody RJ, Haas GJ, Binkley PF, Capers Q, Kelley R. Plasma endothelin correlates with the extent of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 1992;85:504-9. [Erratum, Circulation 1993;87:1064.]
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 504-509
    • Cody, R.J.1    Haas, G.J.2    Binkley, P.F.3    Capers, Q.4    Kelley, R.5
  • 22
    • 50549194892 scopus 로고
    • Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise
    • Wasserman K, Mcllroy MB. Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise. Am J Cardiol 1964;14:844-52.
    • (1964) Am J Cardiol , vol.14 , pp. 844-852
    • Wasserman, K.1    Mcllroy, M.B.2
  • 23
    • 0023761193 scopus 로고
    • Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects
    • Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: hemodynamic and metabolic effects. Circulation 1988;78:506-15.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78 , pp. 506-515
    • Sullivan, M.J.1    Higginbotham, M.B.2    Cobb, F.R.3
  • 24
    • 0005394546 scopus 로고
    • Value of prolonged bed rest in management of cardiomegaly
    • Burch GE, Walsh JJ, Black WC. Value of prolonged bed rest in management of cardiomegaly. JAMA 1963;183:81-7.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.183 , pp. 81-87
    • Burch, G.E.1    Walsh, J.J.2    Black, W.C.3
  • 25
    • 0021807877 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery: Survival of patients with a low ejection fraction
    • Passamani E, Davis KB, Gillcspie MJ, Killip T, CASS Principal Investigators. A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery: survival of patients with a low ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 1985;312: 1665-71.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , pp. 1665-1671
    • Passamani, E.1    Davis, K.B.2    Gillcspie, M.J.3    Killip, T.4
  • 26
    • 0026808867 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac transplantation: Recipient selection, donor procurement, and medical follow-up: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Cardiac Transplantation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association
    • O'Connell JB, Bourge RC, Costanzo-Nordin MR, et al. Cardiac transplantation: recipient selection, donor procurement, and medical follow-up: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Cardiac Transplantation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation 1992;86:1061-79.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , pp. 1061-1079
    • O'Connell, J.B.1    Bourge, R.C.2    Costanzo-Nordin, M.R.3
  • 27
    • 0001088996 scopus 로고
    • Acute ischemia of inner layers of ventricular wall
    • Salisbury PF, Cross CE, Rieben PA. Acute ischemia of inner layers of ventricular wall. Am Heart J 1963;66:650-6.
    • (1963) Am Heart J , vol.66 , pp. 650-656
    • Salisbury, P.F.1    Cross, C.E.2    Rieben, P.A.3
  • 28
    • 9444250603 scopus 로고
    • Experimental observations on pulsus paradoxus and hepatojugular reflux
    • Reddy PS, Leon DF, Shaver JA, eds. New York: Raven Press
    • Cohn JN, Hamosh P. Experimental observations on pulsus paradoxus and hepatojugular reflux. In: Reddy PS, Leon DF, Shaver JA, eds. Pericardial disease. New York: Raven Press, 1982:249-58.
    • (1982) Pericardial Disease , pp. 249-258
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Hamosh, P.2
  • 29
    • 0015365327 scopus 로고
    • Total-body potassium in hypertension patients during prolonged diuretic therapy
    • Edmonds CJ, Jasani B. Total-body potassium in hypertension patients during prolonged diuretic therapy. Lancet 1972;2:8-12.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 8-12
    • Edmonds, C.J.1    Jasani, B.2
  • 30
    • 0017836883 scopus 로고
    • Nitrate effects on cardiac output and left ventricular outflow resistance in chronic congestive heart failure
    • Franciosa JA, Blank RC, Cohn JN. Nitrate effects on cardiac output and left ventricular outflow resistance in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Med 1978;64:207-13.
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 207-213
    • Franciosa, J.A.1    Blank, R.C.2    Cohn, J.N.3
  • 31
    • 0016378051 scopus 로고
    • Chronic vasodilator therapy in the management of cardiogenic shock and intractable left ventricular failure
    • Cohn JN, Mathew KJ, Franciosa JA, Snow JA. Chronic vasodilator therapy in the management of cardiogenic shock and intractable left ventricular failure. Ann Intern Med 1974;81:777-80.
    • (1974) Ann Intern Med , vol.81 , pp. 777-780
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Mathew, K.J.2    Franciosa, J.A.3    Snow, J.A.4
  • 32
    • 0020700884 scopus 로고
    • Improved exercise capacity and differing arterial and venous tolerance during chronic isosorbide dinitrate therapy for congestive heart failure
    • Leier CV, Huss P, Magorien RD, Unverferth DV. Improved exercise capacity and differing arterial and venous tolerance during chronic isosorbide dinitrate therapy for congestive heart failure. Circulation 1983;67: 817-22.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 817-822
    • Leier, C.V.1    Huss, P.2    Magorien, R.D.3    Unverferth, D.V.4
  • 33
    • 0020606114 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of captopril in refractory chronic congestive heart failure
    • Captopril Multicenter Research Group. A placebo-controlled trial of captopril in refractory chronic congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:755-63.
    • (1983) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.2 , pp. 755-763
  • 35
    • 0019714809 scopus 로고
    • Central and regional hemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Leier CV, Bambach D, Thompson MJ, Cattaneo SM, Goldberg RJ, Unverferth DV. Central and regional hemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:1115-23.
    • (1981) Am J Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 1115-1123
    • Leier, C.V.1    Bambach, D.2    Thompson, M.J.3    Cattaneo, S.M.4    Goldberg, R.J.5    Unverferth, D.V.6
  • 36
    • 0017874011 scopus 로고
    • Combined oral hydralazinenitrate therapy in left ventricular failure: Hemodynamic equivalency to sodium nitroprusside
    • Pierpont GL, Cohn JN, Franciosa JA. Combined oral hydralazinenitrate therapy in left ventricular failure: hemodynamic equivalency to sodium nitroprusside. Chest 1978;73:8-13.
    • (1978) Chest , vol.73 , pp. 8-13
    • Pierpont, G.L.1    Cohn, J.N.2    Franciosa, J.A.3
  • 37
    • 0021363244 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and clinical response to enalapril, a long-acting converting-enzyme inhibitor, in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, Sharkey SW, Cohn JN. Hemodynamic and clinical response to enalapril, a long-acting converting-enzyme inhibitor, in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1984;69: 548-53.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.69 , pp. 548-553
    • Levine, T.B.1    Olivari, M.T.2    Garberg, V.3    Sharkey, S.W.4    Cohn, J.N.5
  • 38
    • 0020606918 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic responses to combined therapy with captopril and hydralazine in patients with severe heart failure
    • Massie BM, Packer M, Hanlon JT, Combs DT. Hemodynamic responses to combined therapy with captopril and hydralazine in patients with severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:338-44.
    • (1983) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.2 , pp. 338-344
    • Massie, B.M.1    Packer, M.2    Hanlon, J.T.3    Combs, D.T.4
  • 39
    • 0022623381 scopus 로고
    • Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study
    • Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1547-52.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1547-1552
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Archibald, D.G.2    Ziesche, S.3
  • 40
    • 0025770138 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
    • Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesehe S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:303-10.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 303-310
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Johnson, G.2    Ziesehe, S.3
  • 41
    • 0026005676 scopus 로고
    • Concurrent hydralazine administration prevents nitroglycerin-induced hemodynamic tolerance in experimental heart failure
    • Bauer JA, Fung H-L. Concurrent hydralazine administration prevents nitroglycerin-induced hemodynamic tolerance in experimental heart failure. Circulation 1991;84:35-9.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 35-39
    • Bauer, J.A.1    Fung, H.-L.2
  • 42
    • 0028784929 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of nitrates with concomitant use of hydralazine in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Gogia H, Mehra A, Parikh S, et al. Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of nitrates with concomitant use of hydralazine in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1575-80.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 1575-1580
    • Gogia, H.1    Mehra, A.2    Parikh, S.3
  • 44
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 45
    • 0027326641 scopus 로고
    • Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor? Results of the Flosequinan-ACE Inhibitor Trial (FACET)
    • Massie BM, Berk MR, Brozena SC, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor? Results of the Flosequinan-ACE Inhibitor Trial (FACET). Circulation 1993;88:492-501.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 492-501
    • Massie, B.M.1    Berk, M.R.2    Brozena, S.C.3
  • 46
    • 0000296591 scopus 로고
    • Effect of flosequinan on survival in chronic heart failure: Preliminary results of the PROFILE study
    • abstract
    • Packer M, Rouleau J, Swedberg K, et al. Effect of flosequinan on survival in chronic heart failure: preliminary results of the PROFILE study. Circulation 1993;88:Suppl I:I-301. abstract.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Packer, M.1    Rouleau, J.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 47
    • 0027192022 scopus 로고
    • Influence of prerandomization (baseline) variables on mortality and on the reduction of mortality by enalapril: Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Vasodilator Therapy of Heart Failure (V-HeFT II)
    • Johnson G, Carson P, Francis GS, Cohn JN. Influence of prerandomization (baseline) variables on mortality and on the reduction of mortality by enalapril: Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Vasodilator Therapy of Heart Failure (V-HeFT II). Circulation 1993;87:Suppl VI:VI-32-VI-39.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Johnson, G.1    Carson, P.2    Francis, G.S.3    Cohn, J.N.4
  • 48
    • 0027216221 scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
    • Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1-7.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1-7
    • Packer, M.1    Gheorghiade, M.2    Young, J.B.3
  • 50
    • 1842264016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale, implementation and baseline characteristics of patients in the DIG trial: A large, simple trial to evaluate the effect of digitalis on mortality in heart failure
    • in press
    • The Digitalis Investigation Group. Rationale, implementation and baseline characteristics of patients in the DIG trial: a large, simple trial to evaluate the effect of digitalis on mortality in heart failure. Clin Trials (in press).
    • Clin Trials
  • 52
    • 0015997991 scopus 로고
    • Static (isometric) exercise and the heart: Physiological and clinical considerations
    • Mitchell JH, Wildenthal K. Static (isometric) exercise and the heart: physiological and clinical considerations. Annu Rev Med 1974;25:369-81.
    • (1974) Annu Rev Med , vol.25 , pp. 369-381
    • Mitchell, J.H.1    Wildenthal, K.2
  • 53
    • 0028945136 scopus 로고
    • Reverse remodeling from cardiomyoplasty in human heart failure: External constraint versus active assist
    • Kass DA, Baughman KL, Pak PH, et al. Reverse remodeling from cardiomyoplasty in human heart failure: external constraint versus active assist. Circulation 1995;91:2314-8.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2314-2318
    • Kass, D.A.1    Baughman, K.L.2    Pak, P.H.3
  • 54
    • 0021828444 scopus 로고
    • Survival after an experimental myocardial infarction: Beneficial effects of long-term therapy with captopril
    • Pfeffer MA, Pfeffer JM, Steinberg CR, Finn P. Survival after an experimental myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of long-term therapy with captopril. Circulation 1985;72:406-12.
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.72 , pp. 406-412
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Pfeffer, J.M.2    Steinberg, C.R.3    Finn, P.4
  • 55
    • 0025529203 scopus 로고
    • Early ventricular remodeling after myocardial damage and its attenuation by converting enzyme inhibition
    • McDonald KM, Carlyle PF, Matthews J, et al. Early ventricular remodeling after myocardial damage and its attenuation by converting enzyme inhibition. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1990;103:229-35.
    • (1990) Trans Assoc Am Physicians , vol.103 , pp. 229-235
    • McDonald, K.M.1    Carlyle, P.F.2    Matthews, J.3
  • 56
    • 0028261043 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term monotherapy with enalapril, metoprolol, and digoxin on the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and dilation in dogs with reduced ejection fraction
    • Sabbah HK, Shimoyama H, Kono T, et al. Effects of long-term monotherapy with enalapril, metoprolol, and digoxin on the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and dilation in dogs with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation 1994;89:2852-9.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 2852-2859
    • Sabbah, H.K.1    Shimoyama, H.2    Kono, T.3
  • 57
    • 0026704692 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure
    • Konstam MA, Rousseau MF, Kronenberg MW, et al. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1992;86:431-8.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , pp. 431-438
    • Konstam, M.A.1    Rousseau, M.F.2    Kronenberg, M.W.3
  • 58
    • 0027308856 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Cintron G, Johnson G, Francis G, Cobb F, Cohn JN. Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993;87:Suppl VI:VI-7-VI-23.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Cintron, G.1    Johnson, G.2    Francis, G.3    Cobb, F.4    Cohn, J.N.5
  • 59
    • 0026456573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions
    • Yusuf S, Pepine CJ, Garces C, et al. Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions. Lancet 1992;340:1173-8.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 1173-1178
    • Yusuf, S.1    Pepine, C.J.2    Garces, C.3
  • 60
    • 0026786643 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial
    • Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Mové LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 669-677
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Braunwald, E.2    Mové, L.A.3
  • 61
    • 0027423378 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
    • The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993;342: 821-8.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 821-828
  • 62
    • 0028816282 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril on mortality and morbidity after anterior myocardial infarction
    • Ambrosioni E, Borghi C, Magnani B. The effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril on mortality and morbidity after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995;332:80-5.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 80-85
    • Ambrosioni, E.1    Borghi, C.2    Magnani, B.3
  • 63
    • 0023153202 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular arrhythmias in dilated cardiomyopathy: Efficacy of amiodarone
    • Neri R, Mestroni L, Salvi A, Pandullo C, Camerini F. Ventricular arrhythmias in dilated cardiomyopathy: efficacy of amiodarone. Am Heart J 1987;113:707-15.
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 707-715
    • Neri, R.1    Mestroni, L.2    Salvi, A.3    Pandullo, C.4    Camerini, F.5
  • 64
    • 0023275177 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, haemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of long term treatment with amiodarone of patients in heart failure
    • Cleland JGF, Dargie HJ, Findlay IN, Wilson JT. Clinical, haemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of long term treatment with amiodarone of patients in heart failure. Br Heart J 1987;57:436-45.
    • (1987) Br Heart J , vol.57 , pp. 436-445
    • Cleland, J.G.F.1    Dargie, H.J.2    Findlay, I.N.3    Wilson, J.T.4
  • 66
    • 0029004921 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia
    • Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Fisher SG, et al. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:77-82.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 77-82
    • Singh, S.N.1    Fletcher, R.D.2    Fisher, S.G.3
  • 67
    • 0024524506 scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome with the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
    • Winkle RA, Mead RH, Ruder MA, et al. Long-term outcome with the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13:1353-61.
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.13 , pp. 1353-1361
    • Winkle, R.A.1    Mead, R.H.2    Ruder, M.A.3
  • 68
    • 0023682958 scopus 로고
    • Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators and survival of patients with left ventricular dysfunction and malignant ventricular arrhythmias
    • Tchou PJ, Kadri N, Anderson J, Caceres JA, Jazayeri M, Akhtar M. Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators and survival of patients with left ventricular dysfunction and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:529-34.
    • (1988) Ann Intern Med , vol.109 , pp. 529-534
    • Tchou, P.J.1    Kadri, N.2    Anderson, J.3    Caceres, J.A.4    Jazayeri, M.5    Akhtar, M.6
  • 70
    • 0003230207 scopus 로고
    • Risk of thromboembolism in left ventricular dysfunction: SOLVD
    • abstract
    • Cohn JN, Benedict CR, LeJemtel TH, et al. Risk of thromboembolism in left ventricular dysfunction: SOLVD. Circulation 1992;86:Suppl I: I-252. abstract.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Benedict, C.R.2    Lejemtel, T.H.3
  • 71
    • 0016701034 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive cardiomyopathy
    • Waagstein F, Hjalmarson A, Varnauskas E, Wallentin I. Effect of chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1975;137:1022-36.
    • (1975) Br Heart J , vol.137 , pp. 1022-1036
    • Waagstein, F.1    Hjalmarson, A.2    Varnauskas, E.3    Wallentin, I.4
  • 72
    • 0018950340 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial eftects of long-term beta-blockade in congestive cardiomyopathy
    • Swedberg K, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F, Wallentin I. Beneficial eftects of long-term beta-blockade in congestive cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1980;44:117-33.
    • (1980) Br Heart J , vol.44 , pp. 117-133
    • Swedberg, K.1    Hjalmarson, A.2    Waagstein, F.3    Wallentin, I.4
  • 73
    • 0021961516 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of low-dose beta-blockade therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Anderson JL, Lutz JR, Gilbert EM, et al. A randomized trial of low-dose beta-blockade therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:471-5.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 471-475
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Lutz, J.R.2    Gilbert, E.M.3
  • 74
    • 0021972671 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in symptoms and exercise tolerance by metoprolol in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Engelmeier RS, O'Connell JB, Walsh R, Rad N, Scanlon PJ, Gunnar RM. Improvement in symptoms and exercise tolerance by metoprolol in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 1985;72:536-46.
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.72 , pp. 536-546
    • Engelmeier, R.S.1    O'Connell, J.B.2    Walsh, R.3    Rad, N.4    Scanlon, P.J.5    Gunnar, R.M.6
  • 75
    • 0027135308 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Waagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, et al. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1993;342:1441-6.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Waagstein, F.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 76
    • 0028092116 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of β-blockade in heart failure: The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS)
    • CIBIS Investigators and Committees. A randomized trial of β-blockade in heart failure: the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation 1994;90:1765-73.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1765-1773
  • 78
    • 13544261892 scopus 로고
    • Long-term β-blocker vasodilator therapy improves cardiac function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A double-blind, randomized study of bucindolol versus placebo
    • Gilbert EM, Anderson JL, Deitchman D. Long-term β-blocker vasodilator therapy improves cardiac function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, randomized study of bucindolol versus placebo. Am J Med 1990;88:223-9.
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.88 , pp. 223-229
    • Gilbert, E.M.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Deitchman, D.3
  • 79
    • 0029937949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1349-55.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1349-1355
    • Packer, M.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Cohn, J.N.3
  • 80
    • 0027322458 scopus 로고
    • Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure
    • Feldman AM, Bristow MR, Parmley WW, et al. Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1993;329:149-55.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 149-155
    • Feldman, A.M.1    Bristow, M.R.2    Parmley, W.W.3
  • 81
    • 0025610946 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers in chronic heart failure: The risks of "physiologically rational" therapy
    • Packer M. Calcium channel blockers in chronic heart failure: the risks of "physiologically rational" therapy. Circulation 1990;82:2254-7.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 2254-2257
    • Packer, M.1
  • 82
    • 0001251332 scopus 로고
    • Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: Results of V-HeFT III
    • abstract
    • Cohn JN, Ziesche SM, Loss LE, Anderson GF, V-HeFT Study Group. Effect of felodipine on short-term exercise and neurohormone and long-term mortality in heart failure: results of V-HeFT III. Circulation 1995; 92:Suppl I:I-143. abstract.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Ziesche, S.M.2    Loss, L.E.3    Anderson, G.F.4
  • 83
    • 0002098140 scopus 로고
    • Effect of amlodipine on mode of death in severe chronic heart failure: The PRAISE Trial
    • abstract
    • O'Connor CM, Belkin RN, Carson PE, et al. Effect of amlodipine on mode of death in severe chronic heart failure: the PRAISE Trial. Circulation 1995;92:Suppl I:I-143. abstract.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Belkin, R.N.2    Carson, P.E.3
  • 84
    • 0026072848 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure
    • Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-75.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1468-1475
    • Packer, M.1    Carver, J.R.2    Rodeheffer, R.J.3
  • 85
    • 0025279763 scopus 로고
    • Xamoterol in severe heart failure
    • Erratum, Lancet 1990;336:698
    • The Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group. Xamoterol in severe heart failure. Lancet 1990;336:1-6. [Erratum, Lancet 1990;336:698.]
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1-6
  • 86
    • 0026567057 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure: Results of a multicenter trial
    • Kubo SH, Gollub S, Bourge R, et al. Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure: results of a multicenter trial. Circulation 1992;85:942-9.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 942-949
    • Kubo, S.H.1    Gollub, S.2    Bourge, R.3
  • 87
    • 0029257721 scopus 로고
    • Heart failure: Evaluation and care of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
    • Konstam MA, Dracup K, Baker DW, et al. Heart failure: evaluation and care of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Failure 1995;1:183-7
    • (1995) J Card Failure , vol.1 , pp. 183-187
    • Konstam, M.A.1    Dracup, K.2    Baker, D.W.3
  • 88
    • 0028823303 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure: Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)
    • Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure: report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 1995;92:2764-84.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 2764-2784
  • 89
    • 0028247084 scopus 로고
    • Internists' attitudes about clinical practice guidelines
    • Tunis SR, Hayward RSA, Wilson MC, et al. Internists' attitudes about clinical practice guidelines. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:956-63.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 956-963
    • Tunis, S.R.1    Hayward, R.S.A.2    Wilson, M.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.